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THE AMERICAN THOROUGHBRED

BY

THOMAS B. MERRY

("HIDALGO")

PRINTED BY THE

COMMERCIAL PRINTING HOUSE

LOS ANGELES, CAL

1905

T 5 f

^Au^^o

Entered according to Act of Congress in the
Office of the Librarian of Congress on the
seventeenth day of October, A. D., 1904.

Contents

Preface

Our Portrait Gallery

Part I. The Origin of the Thoroughbred :3

Part II. The Three Cardinal Lines 23

Part III. The Modern British Thoroughbred 35

Part IV. The American Thoroughbred 71

Second Epoch — 1783 to 1861 7°

Third Epoch — Close of Civil War to Date 84

Our Imported Sires

Our Native Sires

Our Great Native Mares ; l 2"

Part V. The French Thoroughbred J33

Second Epoch - J43

Part VI. The Austro-Hungarian Thoroughbred 151

Part VII. The Australian Thoroughbred J59

The Bruce Lowe System of Breeding by Figures I 77

Converse In-Breeding

In-Breeding, Past and Present - l85

A Heart to Heart Talk with Breeders 189

Selling Races 195

Spurious Pedigrees T97

A Military Proposition

Two-Year-Old Racing - 2O5

The Breeders' Handbook 2O9

Some Representative American Stallions -

The Burns and Waterhouse Farm - 24J

A Home Production - 245

132131.

P r e f a c e

My only excuse for the appearance of this volume is my firmly-rooted belief that
such a book is needed by the breeders of thoroughbred horses in America. When one
man can send into the sales ring a consignment of over three hundred yearlings and
sell them at auction for something in excess of an average of $800, it is time for
other breeders to wake up and begin to study the science of breeding as he has done.
Most men are willing to pay a big price for a stallion, without grumbling, but when
it comes to purchasing a really good mare, and the daughter of a great producing
matron at that, for $1500 or $2000, they button up their breeches' pockets and say "Nay"
to the man who has the mare to sell. It is high time for other men to follow the lead
of Messrs. Belmont, Haggin, Keene, Camden and such men who see the necessity of
excellence in both sexes.

Just twelve years ago, Col. Sanders D. Bruce, editor of the Turf, Field and Farm,
issued a book entitled "The Thoroughbred Horse," which he modeled very largely upon
the "Breeders' Hand Book," published by Mr. Joseph Osborne in England. Both those
books were well written but badly edited. Mr. Bruce carried you back to the days of
Waxy and Sir Peter and without any other intermission, dropped you down on the back
of some old short-bred Kentucky mare like Picayune or Minerva Anderson, neither of
which should ever have found a place in the American Stud Book, save in an appendix.
Now, don't understand me as seeking to elevate my own work by belittling a dead
friend. Col. Bruce's services to his country were signal and varied. He probably
did as much as any other man, living or dead, to keep his native State (Kentucky)
from going out of the Federal Union ; and his Stud Book, which was the work of almost
thirty years continuously, while it has its imperfections, was so far in advance of my
expectations and of the expectations of others of his friends, that he deserves the high-
est praise for it. With his steadfast work to bring order out of chaos, the labors of his
successors in that field have been comparatively easy. But the editorial portion of "The
Thoroughbred Horse" was carelessly put together, no matter how well written ; and the
same is true equally of Mr. Joseph Osborne's book, for in both cases the reader has to
go through the whole editorial portion of the book in order to find what he wants to
know concerning any given horse or family of horses.

I have endeavored to remedy that defect by a classification of the subject matter
involved in these pages. I devote one chapter to the "Origin of the Thoroughbred"
and deal chiefly with the three great lines which have survived all others — the Godolphin
Arabian, the Darley Arabian and the Byerly Turk. If anybody wants the details of
importation of Oriental horses into England, up to and including the reign of good
Queen Anne, I must refer him to the works of Mr. Osborne and Col. Bruce, as giving
details more minute than I could hope to embrace in this little book. The student of
breeding cares nothing in this day for the fact that the Godolphin Arabian's great

io Preface

reputation grew out of Hobgoblin's refusal to cover Roxana. What he wants is facts
and figures embracing the present day and date. The mere fact that Catton and Emilius
were two of the best and most successful stallions between 1820 and 1840, has no bear-
ing upon modern breeding because the male lines of those two once-famous sires are
now wholly extinct, while that of the despised and calumniated Blacklock — in that era
at least — is now at the head of the British turf, through St. Simon and his sons, two
of which have already headed the list of winning sires though less than twelve years
old.

Hence my only endeavors have been to bring this book down to date and modern-
ize its contents so far as practicable. The great world is in a great hurry just now,
and has but little time to devote to the perusal of ancient history. So I deal with
horses of the last sixty years as much as possible, referring the reader to the works of
Col. Bruce for the old days in Virginia; and to Mr. Osborne's work for the ancient
occurrences on the turf in England and Ireland. They were both better writers than 1
am and had more extensive libraries upon which to draw for information. Hence I
make no claim for any great amount of originality in this book, but I can claim truth-
fully that its .construction is more orderly and methodical than that of any book that
has yet been published on this subject, either in America or in Europe.

I naturally expected to make some money out of this book, but fear that I shall
not have $1000 left after paying all the bills. I have received no support from Ken-
tucky whatever and none of any extent except from Californians, counting Mr. James
R. Keene as one. Col. S. D. Bruce's book contained advertisements of 94 stallions
of which 68 were owned in Kentucky. In this book there is just one Kentucky stallion
owned by a bona fide resident of that State. The truth is, that I am suffering for an-
other party's misdeeds.

In 1902 a canvass was made for a book to be called "The History of the Horse,"
to be published from the office of the New York Spirit of the Times. The brothers
Le Berthon got about $42,000 worth of contracts on that book for which they were to
receive 50 per cent, as commission. On this amount some $16,000 was paid in checks
and turned over to the manager of the Spirit of the Times, who deposited them in the
bank to his personal account and drew checks against it to pay the Le Berthons their
commissions. No book ever has appeared nor ever will. The manager of the concern
got away with a nice little stake and now, when I come to print a book that is needed,
I get the frozen lip from men to whose interests I am doing an actual service. Mr.
John Le Berthon lives in this city and is respected as a straight and upright man
wherever he is known. I would risk my life on his honesty as I have known him
nearlv twenty years. He is in no way to blame for the non-appearance of the "History
of the Horse." He did his work and got his pay for it, as was right. The other party
who received the checks of Messrs. Whitney, Mackay, Belmont and others, and gave
no value in return, is in pretty big luck to be at large and master of his own actions.

I have tried also to offend nobody while endeavoring to write impartially and in
a spirit of honest criticism. As to what appears in the "Breeders' Hand Book" portion
of this work, that is advertising pure and simple; and the opinions concerning horses
published therein are those of their owners and not of myself. Hence I cannot, in any
spirit of fairness be held responsible for anything that appears in that part of my
work. In the editorial portion of it, ranging from Chapter I to Chapter X, the opinions
advanced are all my own and upon them I am ready to stand or fall, in the full
belief that the right to applaud carries with it the right to censure as well. I seek to
quarrel with no other man's opinions but will endeavor, as far as possible, to have my
own respected. And to achieve that end I feel that 1 must write in a spirit of candor
and justice, so that when the end comes to me as it does to all men, those who survive
me may remember the injunction of the Moor and "cspeak me fair in death — nothing
extenuate nor set down aught in malice."

P r e f a c e n

The reader who expects to find any such glowing pen-pictures in this book as
are to be found in Mr. Porter's description of the great race between Wagner and
Grey Eagle, will be disappointed. Nor will he discover in these pages any such crisp
and elegant English as characterizes the works of Mr .H. H. Dixon, who wrote over the
signature of "The Druid," for two reasons : First, because I am not competent to
write in a flowery vein, even if I so desired ; and seconds because this is a book that is
largely technical in its nature and, therefore, all florid rhetoric should be avoided. It
is written for the perusal of plain men ; it deals with plain and stubborn facts ; and for
that reason should be couched in the plainest language possible.

THOS. B. MERRY.

OUR PORTRAIT GALLERY

The object of every illustrated work of this sort, especially where the horses
of various nations are given, is to give out the representative horse of each nation. I
therefore give PERSIMMON as the representative stallion of England, not that I deem
him so good a sire as St. Simon or Stockwell, but because he is the first stallion in
English history to head the list of winning sires at nine years of age, as against
eleven for Stockwell and twelve for Hermit. As the sire of the great filly Sceptre
and that great cup horse, Zinfandel, Persimmon will always occupy a prominent place
in English stud history.

LEXINGTON is given the place, par excellence, of all native American sires, having
gotten more horses of absolute stake form in the same number of foals than any other
horse in American history. He headed the list of winning sires for eleven seasons (six
years after his death, be it remembered), while no other horse ever was at the top
for seven years. His sons did not do well in the stud but his daughters built up repu-
tation for at least ten of the best sires between 1870 and the present writing. In this
respect the sightless hero of Woodburn is the nearest approach to Sir Peter (foaled
1784), of any horse, since the dawn of the nineteenth century.

FLYING Fox is given as the representative horse of France, although foaled in
England and never having raced in his adopted country. This is because he is the
only sire credited with a winner of the Grand Prix de Paris in his eighth year. It is
worthy of note that, though several highly approved mares were sent across the
channel to him, most of his best winners are from what might be properly called
French-bred mares. Mons. Edmond Blanc made no mistake when he paid the enor-
mous price of $80,000 for Flying Fox.

MERMAN is given as the representative horse of Australia, for three reasons :
First, because no portrait of Yattendon was ever taken ; second, because no picture of
the Grand Flaneur was ever painted that could be called a good picture of the horse ;
and third, because Merman is, so far as turf performances in England are concerned,
a representative horse in the strictest sense of the term. He is the only Colonial-bred
horse to win the Ascot Gold Cup ; and the third horse in the long space of eighty years
to walk over for a Goodwood Cup, the other two being Stumps in 1826 and The Bard
in 1886. Few horses retire to the stud with such a garland of laurels as have en-
circled the beautiful neck of the deservedly great Merman.

PART I.

THE ORIGIN OF THE THOROUGHBRED

1 Who thundering comes on blackest 'steed
With iron heel and hoof of speed?
The ocean s rocky caves resound
With stride for stride and bound for bound.
'The foam that streaks the courser's side
Seems gathered from the ocean tide"

— BYRON.

Origin of the Thoroughbred

I have been frequently asked ''What is a thoroughbred horse?" and "Wherein
does he differ from other horses?" Of course, such a question could only emanate
from a person ignorant of the use of the word "thoroughbred," as a generic term.

My answer to this query is that the thoroughbred horse is of Oriental extraction
and an animal developed through centuries of cultivation by enlightened nations. You
go out upon the hillsides in June and pick the wild strawberries, than which nothing
could be of richer taste or more delicate flavor, but the fruit seldom has exceeded one-
quarter of an inch in diameter, while under careful cultivation it often attains four
"times that size. The Thoroughbred horse is the result of a similar degree of industry
on the part of mankind. Good food, careful housing from stress of weather and ample
care of mares during their period of gestation, have made the thoroughbred horse what
he is today, while his Oriental prototype in Asia and Northern Africa is just what
he was, so far as concerns size, power and liberty of action, five centuries ago. The
stride of the average Arabian or Barbary horse is about seventeen feet, at the very apex
of his speed, while almost any American or English thoroughbred will cover from
twenty-one to twenty-three feet when fully extended. The famous Alabama mare,
Peytona, so called from having won the $44,000 Peyton Stake at Nashville in 1843, ran
on twenty-eight feet, but the effort was so great that she could not be relied upon to
run more than two good races in any one year.

The first instance given us in history of any attempt to improve the breed of
horses in England, which is just as much the cradle of the thoroughbred horse now as
ever it was, was in the ninth century when Hugh Capet, King of France, sought the
hand of the English princess, Ethelwilda, in marriage and sent some horses, bred in
France from sires of Oriental nativity, as a present to her brother, Athelstane, then
King of Great Britain. Later, during the reign of William the Conqueror, we find
that Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, sent to Spain for stallions to breed- cavalry horses on
his estates at Powisland. It is almost certain that these Shrewsbury horses were bred
from the "Barbs" introduced into Spain by the Moors, in the days of the "Cid Cam-
peador." In the reign of the first Richard matches were run for large sums of money
but there seems to have been a hiatus between that period and the reign of Edward III
who, in 1326, received a present of two fleet coursers from the King of Navarre and
bestowed some valuable gifts upon the messenger who brought them. It was not until
1509 that King Henry VIII (who was a victim to the matrimonial habit) conceived the
idea of establishing a Royal Stud at Bushey Park near where Cardinal Wolsey held
forth in the zenith of his power. It is quite probable that the interregnum in the
breeding of fine horses in England was caused by the "War of Roses" between the
rival horses of York and Lancaster ; and that the revival of breeding of high-class
horses had its inception with the receipt of some mares by "Bluff Hal" from the Duke
of Mantua.

16 The American thoroughbred

It was not to be wondered at that King Henry's daughter, the "Virgin Queen"
(who was a virgin if she did pull up her skirts to the French envoy, Bassompiere, and
slap her thigh for his amusement) gave all possible encouragement to racing, for, while
she had no horses trained or raced in her own name, she had additional breeding farms
at Richmond, St. Albans, Windsor, Greenwich and Waltham ; and the sales of horses
produced at those farms proved an important addition to the royal revenues. At her
death and the succession of King James 1 to the throne, came the first royal endorse-
ment of racing which caused it to be called the "Sport of Kings." It was said that
several fine Moorish bred stallions had swam ashore from the wreck of the "In-
vincible Armada" and landed on the coast of Scotland, from which had been bred some
rapid horses; and there it was that the young monarch, during his nonage, had acquired
his love of racing as well as his superb seat, in the saddle. The fact that James "pulied
up stakes" at the London palaces and removed his court to Newmarket during the
summer months, is the best proof that he was very fond of the big game. (See the
"History of Newmarket," written in the most graceful style by the late Mr. J. P. Hore.)

What impresses me most curiously (although it may not others) is that the young
successor to Elizabeth should have taken such an interest in racing ; and that no pre-
pared chronicles of performances on the turf should have been handed down from that
era to our own. Although but few names have been preserved and those only in an in-
cidental fashion, yet a few have survived the wreck of Time, for Mr. Gervase Markham
mentions a horse called Grey Valentine who was never beaten, according to his say-so.
Hence the bestowal of first honors in that direction to Childers and O'Kelly's Eclipse
seems to have been a popular error. In Markham's chronicles, he mentions Pepper-
mint, Franklin and Whitefoot as performers of great distinction, while Grey Dellaval,
owned by the Earl of Northumberland, comes in for a still wider meed of praise.
These are the first English turf horses, therefore, to receive any individual mention.
Mr. Markham then goes on to quote from the Treasury records of King James' reign
which show that "there were four boys annually apprenticed, on small stipends, to the
King's jockeys and the Master of the Horse was held responsible for their good con-
duct." No mention, however, is made of any horse owned by the nobles of King
James court, although it is well known that the Duke of Buckingham, to whom Eng-
land was indebted for the importation of the Helmsley Turk, was the King's favorite
and one of the chief moving spirits at Newmarket. Many Eastern horses were im-
ported during the reign of James I, but the only one accorded any special mention is
the Markham Arabian for which the King paid the big price of £500, according to the
Duke of Newcastle, but the royal records of expenditure place the sum at about one-
third of that amount. For all the good he ever did the British Stud,. this horse might
as well have remained in Syria. At this time there were race-meetings held all over
England, especially at Doncaster, Salisbury and Chester, where the Roodee was built
for similar purposes by the Romans.

Charles the First succeeded James and it was during his reign that the first really
valuable importation of Oriental blood took place. This was a horse first called the
Buckingham Turk, but was sold by his noble owner to a Mr. Helmsley, whence he
got the name of "The Helmsley Turk." As to whether he ever raced or not, history
is silent, but as the sire of Bustler, Vixen and "Hutton's Royal Colt" (whose dam
was a Sedbury Royal mare) he certainly placed himself on record. In Mr. Haggin's
catalogues of 1904, containing the dams of 323 yearlings, I find no less than 19 tracing
to a mare by Bustler, son of this selfsame Helmsley Turk. The English Stud Book,
however, yields no information concerning Bustler other than that he was by Helmsley
Turk, yet his blood comes down to the present day through Blunderbuss, Bolton
Starling, Old Merlin, Bolton Sweepstakes and the "Blacklegs mare/' which was the
dam of Marske, sire of the unbeaten Eclipse, while from Vixen, also by the Helmsley
Turk, are derived many of our best horses. Vixen's dam was an imported mare — the

'The Origin of the Thoroughbred //

dam of Dodsworth also, but she must have produced more than these two for she was
twenty years old when she dropped Vixen. This Barb mare was one of the mares
in the Royal stud formed by Charles II, on whose death she was sold to Mr. Coke, who
bred Vixen from her.

When the war had subsided, several valuable importations were made, about the
best of which was a white stallion imported by Mr. Place, who was stud master to
Oliver Cromwell ; and there is hardly an English horse of note that does not show
from one to four crosses of this horse, known as "Place's White Turk." He got Com-
moner and Hautboy, both great performers in their day. It is a good strain of blood
and is specially conspicuous in the pedigrees of Matchem and Woodpecker, as well as
in the dam of Snap ; and is also to be found in Lady Thigh and "the Widdington mare,"
both as conspicuous in their day as are Pocahontas and Ellen Home in our own. His
daughters were greater, however, as grand dams and great-grand dams than in the first
generation, one of these being the grand dam of Grey Ramsden, Cartouch and Wynd-
h'am. They were also the ancestors of Whitefoot by Bay Bolton ; Torismond by Star-
ling, Alcides by Babraham ; and Sweepstakes by The Gower Stallion. The Brimmer
mare, whose dam was by Place's White Turk, was the dam of the noted Makeless, the
grand dam being by Dodsworth (sire of Dicky Pierson) out of the Layton Barb mare,
founder of the No. 4 family in Bruce Lowe's system, to which trace Iroquois, Belvidere,
Kentucky and Sir Dixon in America ; and Alice Hawthorn, Thormanby, Kisber, Wen-
lock and Apology in England.

The Royal mares purchased abroad by Sir John Fenwick, Master of the Horse to
Charles II, at the King's personal expense, produced many good horses but the natural
Barb mare which produced Dodsworth must have been clearly the best, for she gave
birth to him shortly after her arrival and he therefore, not withstanding he was foaled
in England, was manifestly an Oriental horse. If Dodsworth had never gotten any-
thing but Dicky Pierson, that alone should have made him famous, for it was to the
union of Dicky Pierson with the "Burton Barb mare," founder of the No. 2 family
in Bruce Lowe's system, that we owe such equine wonders as Harkaway, Voltigeur,
Martyrdom, Lord Clifden and last, but far from least, the Australian phenomenon
Carbine, who won the Melbourne Cup with 145 Ibs., two miles in 3 :2&%. But beyond
Dodsworth's dam there is but little account of these Royal Mares. Lord D'Arcy, about
that time, imported two Turkish stallions, called the D'A*cy Turk and D'Arcy's Yel-
low Turk. The former was located at Sedbury, whence he is often called the Sedbury
Turk ; and it is to a union of this horse with one of the Royal mares at that place
that we owe the origin of the No. n family of which St. Simon (premier sire of Eng-
land for nine seasons) is the most prominent exemplar. The Yellow Turk, imported
at the same time, was also a success in the stud, being the sire of the famous Brimmer,
while from Lord Fairfax's Morocco Barb mare he got the equally celebrated Spanker.
The student of pedigrees of noted horses foaled prior to 1750, will find these two
Turks very frequently.

During the reign of Charles II there were also two valuable importations, the
Thoulouse Barb and the Curwen Bay Barb. These horses were brought over from
France by a Mr. Curwen, of Cumberland, as a present to King Charles from "Le
Grand Monarque," who thought more of his mistresses than anything else. They
had been presented to him by Muley Ismail, King of Morocco ; and had been brought
from Barbary in one of the King's war vessels, commanded by Admiral le Comte de
Tholouse, who was one of His Majesty's "catch colts," as they say in Oregon. Another
of the King's illegitimate offspring, the Comte de Byram, was Master of the Horse
to the King at that very time. The Curwen Barb was just thirteen hands high, but all
his progeny were larger, probably owing to such care as he never received himself when
a foal. The best of his get was Mixbury, who became a great race horse but a very
poor sire. His full sisters, however, were great matrons, one of them being the dam

i8 'The American Thoroughbred

of Little Scar, Partner, Soreheels and the dam of Crab ; while the other sister pro-
duced Silver Eye, Hazard and Quiet. But it was in 1711 that the Curwen Bay Barb
most distinguished himself by begetting Brockelsby Betty from Mr. Leedes' Hobby
mare by The Lister Turk, also called The Stradling. To this Brocklesby Betty trace,
in female tail line such great performers as Songstress and Cyprian, winners of the
Epsom Oaks ; Starke and Prioress, bred in America but great winners in England over
forty years ago ; and last but not least, Domino and Hamburg, of our own day.

It was during the reign of James II that the Duke of Berwick, at the siege of
Buda, in Hungary in 1686, captured the horse now known as "The Lister Turk," the
Duke having sold him to Mr. Lister, of Lincolnshire, who bred many great ones from
him. He became the sire of Coneyskins, Snake, Piping Peg and the Duke of Kingston's
Brisk. Through Snake and Coneyskins this Lister Turk had become one of the leading
Eastern factors in the British Stud ; and "which I wish to remark,'' as the late Bret
Harte would have put it, that while we claim English Eclipse (foaled 1764) as the chief
and only surviving exponent of the Darley Arabian's male line, an examination of his
pedigree will show that Eclipse had but one cross of the Darley Arabian, as against
two of the Godolphin Arabian, five of the Lister Turk and nine of Place's White Turk.
"Now will you be good ?"

In the reign of William and Mary, during the war in Ireland where the "Battle of
the Boyne was fought, not far from the present site of Drogheda, Capt. Byerly rode
an imported Turkish horse, to whom he was indebted for the fact that he was not capt-
ured by the irate Paudheens. After "this cruel war was over" this horse was taken
to England, where he became one of the pillars of the stud. His best sons on the turf
were Spite, .Block Hearty and Basto, sire of the great Soreheels. None of thes« were
great sires, but his son Jigg got Partner, foaled 1718. Partner got Tartar, who was
mated with Cypron by Blaze and produced Herod, the greatest horse of his day,
foaled six years before Eclipse. Herod got Highflyer, Woodpecker, Anvil, Phenomenon
(imported to America) and a host of other heroes. His get were nineteen years on the
turf during which they won £201,505 in money (with racing prizes worth about one-
eighth of their present value) besides nine gold cups and forty-three hogsheads of
claret.

During the reign of William and Mary were imported into England the noted Barb
horses Chillaby and Slugey, sometimes called Sloughby, a mare claimed by the Morocco
people to be desired as a mate for Chiliaby, to whom she produced Greyhound, a noted
stallion of that day and sire of the Duke of Wharton's Othello. About the same time
were imported the Selaby Turk, sire of the Coppin mare, to which trace Emilius in
England and St. Charles, St. Carlo and all the descendants of imported Camilla in
America. The Akaster Turk and the Harper Arabian were also imported about this
time. The Akaster Turk was the sire of Chanter and Sister to Chanter, that mare
being the dam of Lord Godolphin's gray mare Roxana, the dam of Lath and Cade by
the Godolphin Arabian. Lath was the best performer and Cade the best sire, his line
being still in existence, through Matchem, Conductor, Trumpator, Sorcerer, Comus,
Humphrey Clinker and Melbourne, it being through the latter only that the line now
exists.

The Honeywood Arabian was another importation during this reign. He came
over to England as the property of Sir John Williams, for which reason he is often
known as the "Williams Turk," but he was not a Turk at all. Mr. Honeywood put his
Byerly Turk mare to him and the result of that union was True Blue, who proved so
good a turf horse that Mr. Honeywood decided to purchase his sire, in consequence of
which the horse was forever afterward known as the "Honeywood Arabian." True
Blue beat Chanter and six others for the King's Plate at York in 1716, besides winning
several other valuable prizes. As the result of this, the Byerly Turk mare was again
mated with the Honeywood Arabian and that foal was called Young True Blue. While

"The Origin of the 'Thoroughbred iq

there have been other successful turf families, there is no sire family anywhere near
this No. 3 in the Bruce Lowe system, to which trace the following great sires of history:

Stockwell t St. Patrick t Van Tromp tG i M L-ORTED TO CALIFOR-

Rataplan QD Post Restante Rayon d'Or tj NIA.

King Tom Kettledrum* Eothen . Conveth

Flying Dutchman *t Flatcatcher Slight of Hand True Briton

LanercostA Elthiron CS Toxophilite GM Abercorn (Aust.)

Tramp D Hobbie Noble W Sir Peter * Vanderdecken (Aust)

Isinglass *t Pyrrhus I* Eclipse Maribyrnong (Aust.)

MnsketAlex Gen. Peel t Nuneham Ferryman (Aust.)

Berserken Velocipede Quicklime CS Kingof Anglers (Aust)

Mast. Kildare CS Galopin * Talk'of theliill(Aust)

Of the 31 stallions named above, u got winners of the Derby; 10 got winners
of the St. Leger, and got 10 winners of the Oaks, the hardest race on earth for a
three-year-old filly ; 5 got winners of the 2000 guineas, and 9 got winners of the .cooo
guineas. The two greatest sires from the dam of the two True Blues are Sir Peter,
foaled in 1784, and Derby winner in 1787; and Stockwell, foaled in 1849, and winner
of the Two Thousand Guineas and St. Leger of 1852. The reader is referred to "The
Great Table," to be found in the latter part of this book, for further particulars as
to what these great sires achieved in the stud. There is no mark placed after Eothen,
imported into America by the late David D. Withers, but the interesting fact remains
that he is, up to date, the only stallion, whether native or imported, to get two winners
of the Realization Stakes at Coney Island, which is in nine years out of ten, the severest
three-year-old race in all America. As for Abercorn, he was certainly the best race
horse ever foaled in Australia and the handsomest big horse I ever saw.

Queen Anne succeeded to the throne of England in 1702 and to her, more than
any other sovereign of that kingdom, the racing world is indebted for the presence
of the thoroughbred horse of today. Shortly after her accession to the throne, a Mr.
William Darley, living near New York, received a present of an Arabian stallion from
his brother living abroad, the horse being a bay with a star and snip and four white
feet. (It was owing to his resemblance to a portrait of this famous horse that Dr.
Elisha Warfield, of Lexington, Ky., gave the name of "Darley" to his bay colt, foaled
in 1850, by Boston out of Alice Carneal by imp. Sarpedon but, after the colt had won
all his stakes, he yielded to the persuasion of his friends and re-christened him "Lex-
ington." And as such he goes down to history, the only stallion in the world to head
the list of Winning Sires for eleven years ; and as the greatest sire of broodmares
the world has ever known, being just as far ahead of Pantaloon, St. Albans, Mel-
bourne, Orlando, Stockwell, King Tom and Hermit, as one horse can be ahead of
another. It is to be generally regretted that none of his sons were able to perpetuate
his fame ; and I confidently expect, from all present indications, that his male line,
like that of Catton and Emilius, in the earlier part of the last century, will be wholly
extinct by 1950.

The Darley Arabian is, of course, the male line ancestor of Eclipse, whose descend-
ants have won two Derbys and almost three St. Legers to any other family's one.
No Herod line colt has won the Derby since 1879; nor has any of this line won a St.
Leger since Ossian carried it off in 1883. Sir Visto, by Barcaldine, was the las>t
Matchem line horse to win either a Derby or a St. Leger, he absorbing both those
races in 1895, but, judging from his subsequent performances, he was a very ordinary

* Won the Derby; t won the St. Ledger; A won the Ascot Cup; D won the Doncaster; G won
the Goodwood; Q won the Queen's Vase at Ascot; CS won the City and Suburban; J won the
Jockey Club Cup; N won the New Stakes, Ascot; GM won the Grand Duke Michael Stakes; Alex
won the Alexandra Plate, 3 miles.

2O T'he American "Thoroughbred

horse and fit to go into a class with Sir Bevys, Amato, Merry Hampton and Phos-
phorus. All the rest have been a case of "Eclipse first and the rest nowhere." Yet
the man who reviews the pedigree of Eclipse and that of his most distinguished great-
grandsons, Whalebone, Whisker and Woful (full brothers) will find that the Godolphin
Arabian is nearly four times as prominent a factor in those three great brothers as
was the Darley Arabian ; and the same is true, but in a much smaller degree, of
Eclipse himself. My own idea of the three great cardinal lines has always been, Eclipse
for speed, Herod for quality and Matchem for substance.

In 1715 Mr. Childers had a favorite mare called Betty Leedes, by Careless, which
he mated with the Darley Arabian, the produce being the horse called Flying Childers
or sometimes "Devonshire Childers." This was by long odds the fastest horse seen on
the British turf up to that time. In the following year she was mated with him
again and produced "Bartlett's Childers," which was never trained, but proved to be
the best sire of any of his get. Bartlett's Childers got Squirt (foaled 1732) from a sister
to Old Country Wench by Snake. Squirt got Marske (foaled 1750) from a daughter of
Blacklegs (foaled 1725) and Marske got Eclipse (foaled 1764) from Spiletta (1749)
by Regulus (1739) he by the Godolphin Arabian. Eclipse's tabulation will be found
complete in the chapter headed the "Three Cardinal Lines."

Nearly contemporaneous with the importation of the Darley Arabian, was that
of the horse known as the Leedes Arabian, purchased from his importer by Mr. Leedes,
of North Milford in Yorkshire, who was the breeder of Tartar, Careless and other
good ones. This horse got many good ones but the best were Dyers' Dimple and
Leedes, the latter's dam being by Spanker and of a Morocco Barb mare, she being also
the dam of Charming Jenny, who produced Betty Leedes, she being the dam of Flying
Childers and Bartlett's Childers. Queen Anne had an enormous breeding establish-
ment at Hampton Court and was herself a great patron of racing but no official racing
record was published in those days. In 1714, a great racing meeting was being held
at the Rawcliffe Ings, on the bank of the river Ouse, near York; and Orton, in his
chronicles of that day, states that one hundred and fifty-six carriages were on the
ground, filled largely with representatives of the nobility. There were two races run
that day, both at four-mile heats, one a plate of £40 for aged horses, won by Her
Majesty's b. h. Star, he taking the third and fourth heats from Hon. Mr. Cecil's ch. h.
Creeper, who won the second, and the Lord Chamberlain's Merlin, who won the first.
The other race was also run in four heats and was for a gold cup of £ 100 value, the
gift of Her Majesty. It was won by Mr. Childers' bay mare Duchess, ridden by R.
Hesseltine, she taking the first and fourth heats. Mr. Pierson's bay horse Foxhunter
won the second, and the third heat was decided, on account of some bad riding, to have
been "no heat" and the horses were ordered to run again. The races were barely con-
cluded when a messenger arrived at the course with the unwelcome news that Her
Majesty was dead; and that the privy council had declared Prince George, of Hanover,
as the nearest rightful heir to the vacant throne and had proclaimed him King of
England under the title of George I.

Queen Anne did more towards fostering the breeding interests of England than
all other British sovereigns combined, as during her reign, were imported twenty-four
Oriental horses, consisting of nine Arabians-, eight Barbs, six Turks and one Persian
horse. The total number of importations, since the beginning was ninety Arabians,
forty-six Barbs, thirty-two Turks, four Persians and two "foreign horses'' whose
origin could not be well authenticated, one being owned by Sir Thomas Gascoigne and
the other by Sir W. Goring, and are always alluded to as such, in pedigrees wherein
they may occur. In all, up to the accession of George I, the first of the Hanoverian
dynasty that ended with Victoria, the only bright spot in the Hanoverian reign, there
had been brought into England a total of 174 importations, of which the Arabians
comprised over 50 per cent. Of these 174 horses, so imported, the male lines of only

'The Origin of the Thoroughbred 21

three are now in existence — those of the Darley Arabian, Byerly Turk and Godolphin
Arabian, claimed by many to have been a Barb, but I was never a believer in that
theory. I have not given a complete list of these Oriental stallions as I consider them
to have been sufficiently exploited in the works of Mr. Joseph Osborne (Beacon) and
Col. Sanders D. Bruce, the latter having enlarged upon them more fully than did Mr.
Osborne ; and to such readers as may desire their amplification I refer their works.
My book is to be more modern, if it can possibly be made so, and I have no time to
thresh over old straw. The reader of today is desirous of becoming more familiar
with the horses of today and few men are constituted mentally to become devout stu-
dents of ancient history.

This becomes more evident as you converse with the younger classes of race-goers,
many of whom can tell you, to a fraction of a second, how fast Highball covered
Washington Park in the American Derby ; or whether the track was fast under foot
or muddy when Gold Heels won the Suburban, or when Irish Lad lugged .off the
Brooklyn Handicap. They can give you the names of the three placed horses in all
the more important annual American events, together with the weights carried, and
the sire and dam of each winner. But the grandsires and granddams, as well as the
cardinal lines to which they owe their origin, are "All Greek" to them. The reader
can therefore judge for himself why I have not expanded upon the Oriental importa-
tions of stallions into England up to the coronation of the first of the Hanoverian
Kings. The present generation cares but little for the history of honored antiques, es-
pecially for horses like Catton, Muley and Emilius (great ones in their respective eras,
to be sure), whose male lines have become wholly extinct. Emilius was the greatest
sire of England from 1832 to 1848, but his last male line descendant died in Eastern
Oregon a year or two ago. His name was Villard and he was by Lodi out of Rosa
Mansfield by Rivoli, son of Revenue. The fact that the lines of the Darley Arabian,
the Byerly Turk and the Godolphin have survived all others is the best proof of their
fitness. The more modern exponents of these great Oriental sires, are Eclipse,
foaled 1764, as the examplar of the Darley Arabian; Herod, foaled in 1758, of the
Byerly Turk; and Matchem, foaled 1748, of the Godolphin. It is easily seen why the
two first named should have outbred the last, for Matchem was sixteen years older
than Eclipse, for which reason he could have covered but few daughters of Herod and
none at all of Eclipse. The modern horse showed a superiority for Herod's line in
the two first generations for, as much scientific breeding as we have since done, Sir
Peter, foaled in 1784, is the only stallion in history to get four winners each of the
Derby and St. Leger, and two of the Oaks. Waxy, an Eclipse horse, foaled in 1790, is
the only other stallion in history to get four Derby winners and he never got one of
the St. Leger. After 1810 the Eclipse blood began to assert its superiority and it has
been in the stud as on the turf, "Eclipse first and the rest nowhere." No Herod horse
has won a Derby since 1879, nor a St. Leger since 1883.

The Godolphin Arabian, the most noted of all the Eastern sires in his own day
and generation, was a dark bay horse, almost brown, and believed (from his teeth)
to have been foaled in 1724. It is said that he was rescued by a benevolent Quaker
from the cruelty of a drayman in the streets of Paris by purchasing him and sending
him over to England, where he became the property of a Mr. Coke, who then pre-
sented him to one Williams, keeper of a Coffee-House in London. Some claim that
he was a Barb but the Arabian groom who attended him all the time he was at Lord
Godolphin's stud (Gog Magog) said he had known the horse in Arabia, where he was
known as "Zenada" and sometimes called "Scham" (meaning the chief) by way of1
compliment. Lord Godolphin made him a teaser to his stallion Hobgoblin, who was by
Aleppo (son of the Darley' Arabian) out of Mr. Brewster's "Old Hautboy" mare,
foaled about 1730. On Hobgoblin's refusal to cover Roxana (by the Bald Galloway)
the Arab groom let "Zenada" cover her and no further intercourse was necessary for,

22 I'he American "Thoroughbred

in the following year, she produced a bay foal which Lord Godolphin called Lath from
his having such flat sides, but a marvelously fine galloper. A year later she produced
Cade, who was nowhere such a racer as Lath but outbred him completely, getting high-
class racers from all sorts and conditions of mares. This subject will be dealt with more
fully under the space devoted to Matchem in the section of this work entitled "The
Three Cardinal Lines." The male line of the Godolphin Arabian is noted for heavier
bone and more substance than the lines of the Byerly Turk or the Darley Arabian.
It is now wholly extinct save through Melbourne, whose sire, Humphrey Clinker, who
was probably the largest thoroughbred stallion ever foaled. He is said by those who
saw him (for he died shortly after I was born) to have stood 17 hands, il/2 inches
high and to have measured 9^4 inches around his forward cannon bones and 9^/2 under
his hocks. His line, thanks to the enterprise of Mr. A. Keene Richards, of George-
town, Ky., who imported Millington (afterwards called imp. Australian) a ch. h.
foaled .1858, is now more abundant and more successful than in England, France or
Australia, which can only be regarded by intelligent breeders as a rare stroke of
good fortune.

Some eighteen years ago, Mr. James B. Haggin imported from Australia a brown
horse named Darebin, by The Peer, a son of Melbourne and a brother of the Oaks
winner Marchioness. This gave us a new branch of the blood of Matchem which
does not now exist in England. While Darebin has gotten no sire of great note, his
daughters are as good broodmares as can be found in America ; and I must be allowed
to express the belief that Darebin was a valuable importation, even if he had not
gotten any great performers. I have more than once wondered what would have been
his place in history had he been given as great opportunities as were accorded to Sal-
vator, owned by the same breeder. He has certainly bred more bone than any other
horse I know.

I opened this chapter with the question "What Is a Thoroughbred Horse?" The
reader of these pages, written at the patriarchal age of three-score-and-ten, must de-
cide for himself as to whether I have answered this conundrum to his entire satis-
faction.

PART II.

The Three Cardinal Lines

"For what I am about to tell
Is true as that the De'il's in h — //
Or Dublin City"

— SWIFT.

The Three Cardinal Lines

I have shown in the foregoing chapter, that the thoroughbred horse is simply de-
veloped from the Oriental horse by centuries of cultivation and good treatment. As
a proof of this I may state that the Godolphin Arabian was the tallest of the three
great surviving leaders of Oriental lines (being fourteen hands three inches high, while
his grandson, Babraham, was the first horse of thoroughbred blood known, by actual
measurement, to be sixteen hands high ; and very few Arabians of the present day
(a large number of which were imported into Australia, between 1850 and 1885) were
over fourteen hands high.

Having described the only three Oriental horses whose male lines are now extant —
the Darley Arabian, the Byerly Turk and the Godolphin Arabian — the latter being
much the strongest factor up to 1800, I now come to their more modern exponents.
Eclipse, Herod and Matchem, ail other lines from these three Oriental sires being now
extinct.

DARLEY ARABIAN BYERLY TURK. GODOLPHIN ARABIAN.

Bartlett's Childers. Jigg- Cade, 1734.

Squirt, 1732. Partner, 1718. Matchem, 1748.

Marske, 1750. Tartar, 1743.

Eclipse, 1764. Herod, 1758.

By the above.it appears that Eclipse and Herod were^eur generations removed
from their fountain head while Matchem, ten years older than Herod and but sixteen
years older than Eclipse, was but two. I therefore take up the eldest of the three first.

MATCHEM was a bay horse foaled 1748 and bred by Mr. John Holme, of Carlisle.
He was not trained until five years old when he raced as the property of William
Fenwick, of Bywell in Northumberland. He won his first race for the subscription
purse of 160 guineas at York, beating Barforth Billy by Forester and Bold by Cade.
He won six races without experiencing a single defeat, when he was beaten (at seven
years old) by Spectator, but beat Drawcansir at four miles, a few days later. In 1758
he won the Jockey Club plate at four miles, but was subsequently beaten by Mirza,
Jason third, Feather (favorite) fourth and Forester last. His last race was in that
same year for a £50 plate at Scarborough, in which he beat Foxhunter and Sweetlips.
He then retired permanently to the stud, at the low fee of five guineas, which was in-
creased to ten in 1765, twenty in 1770 and fifty in 1775. He was then twenty-seven
years old but got nineteen foals in that year. Matchem's get were on the turf just
twenty-three seasons, during which they won £150,097. He died at the ripe age of
23 -years in the spring of 1781.

HEROD was bred by H. R. H. the Duke of Cumberland and was subsequently sold
to Sir John Moore. He won his first five races, three of them matches of 1000
guineas each, and met with his first defeat in a match of 1000 guineas each against Sir
James Lowther's Ascham, to whom he was giving 14 pounds. He then was beaten

26 'The American Thoroughbred

three straight races by Turf, Bay Malton (twice) and then wound up his turf career by
beating his old antagonist, Ascham, for .1000 guineas aside, over the Beacon course
(four miles) at Newmarket. Herod retired to the stud in 1770. He never got a Derby
winner but got two winners of the St. Leger and three of the Oaks. The best of his
get were Anvil, Phenomenon, Highflyer, Florizel, Bagot, Fortitude, Woodpecker and
Telamachus. Considered as sires, Highflyer, Woodpecker and Florizel were his best
three. His get were on the turf nineteen seasons, during which they won £201,505 in
money, seven cups and forty-three hogsheads of claret. He also showed himself a won-
derful broodmare sire, getting the dams of Waxy, whose male line has won more of
the classical events than any other sire; and of Aimator, Gohanna and his brother,
Precipitate, Gustavus, Beningbrough (St. Leger 1784 and sire of the great Orville)
Calomel, Coriander, Dungannon (winner of 26 races, 13 at four mile beats), Imperator,
Overtoil and Worthy, all more or less famed as sires. He also got the dam of Contes-
sina (by Young Marske) from whom is descended, in female tail line, the great Isonomy.
Herod's greatest fee was 25 guineas, but he obtained that in his third year. His male
line now exists only through three of his sons — Woodpecker, Highflyer and Florizel,
whose son, Diomed, was imported to America in 1799. Herod died May 12, 1780, aged
22 years

For the first two generations Herod's line was far in advance of all others through
Highflyer and his great son, Sir Peter, whose fifth dam was the dam of the two True
Blues, the founder of the No. 3 family in Bruce Lowe's system. The reader will also
note that- Sir Peter was conversely inbred to the Byerly Turk, that horse being his
fifth sire and the sire of his fifth dam. The great Australian stallion, Chester, and
the equally famous New Zealand stallion, Sir Modred, imported by Mr. James B.
Haggin, and premier sire of America in 1894, were both conversely inbred likewise.
But it was not through Highflyer and Sir Peter alone that Herod triumphed, for Wood-
pecker got Buzzard in 1787 and he got the Oaks winner Bronze and the St. Leger win-
ner Quiz. But. Buzzard's honors did not end there, for from a daughter of Alexander
(by Eclipse-Grecian Princess) he got those three great brothers, Selim, Castrel and Ru-
bens, ranking as sires in the order named. Selim got 152 winners of £55,253, beside
the Whip and 9 gold cups. Castrel was a "roarer" and was very much avoided by se-
lect breeders on that account. Nevertheless he got 42 winners of £11,726 and six gold
cups. Rubens was the youngest of the trio, all foaled in four years. He won seven races
out of eleven and, at the stud, became the most popular stallion of his time, getting two
Oaks winners and one of the Two Thousand Guineas. Castrel died at 26, Selim at 23 and
Rubens at 25. Rubens got 231 winners of a total of £73,031, besides thirty-three gold
cups. His male line became extinct more than twenty years ago, while Castrel's line sur"
vives through Pantaloon, Windhound, Thormanby and Atlantic in France and Sir Mod-
red and Cheviot in America. Selim's male line descends to us through Sultan, Bay
Middleton, Glencoe, Vandal, Virgil, Hindoo, Hanover and his great sons, Hamburg,
Handspring, Handsel, The Commoner and Buck Massie.

The blood of Florizel was strongly exploited in the United States through Diomed,
the first winner of the Epsom Derby, who was imported into America in 1799 at the
ripe age of 22 years. Diomed, old as he was, managed to get two great performers
in Ball's Florizel (never beaten) and Sir Archy, the greatest sire of the first half of the
nineteenth century. Ball's Florizel's male line soon became extinct, Orphan being the
only good sire in all bis get. But Sir Archy was the great premier of his era, getting
forty odd good performers and ten or a dozen sires of whom several became premiers.
Timoleon, Sir Charles and Virginian, Sir Charles heading the winning sires' list as late
as 1839 when his son Wagner carried off the $20,000 Post Stake at Louisville.

Duroc, the sire of the unbeaten American Eclipse, who raced till nine years old and
lost by a neck the fastest heat of four miles ever ran up to that time (7 :37^) was also
by imported Diomed. Eclipse got several good sires, the best of which was Medoc,

T'be Three Cardinal Lines 27

premier sire of America in 1840 and 1841. Medoc's daughters did a great deal towards
building up the reputations of Wagner and Glencoe, the two most popular stallions in
America between 1845 and 1860. It was from 1860 to 1877 that the blood of Florizel;
through Diomed and thence down to Lexington, foaled 1850, had its greatest innings.
Lexington outbred all horses of his day but his excellence ended with himself. He
headed the list of winning sires for eleven seasons, no other stallion either native or im-
ported, being able to cope with him save Leamington ; and yet none of his sons were
ever better than third on the list — War Dance — and he was only for one season. The
late August Belmont (who died in 1890) imported over $25,000 worth of fashionably-
bred English mares, in the hope of getting some son of Lexington that would equal the
father, but all in vain. His best sons were War Dance, Kingfisher, Norfolk and
Wanderer ; and they were all good without any of them being entitled to be called
great. The best horse that ever came from his male line was Grinstead, a grandson
who was by Gilroy (Lexington-Magnolia) a full brother to Daniel Boone and Ken-
tucky. He suffered from being a private stallion and all his get were raced out of one
stable — Mr. Elias J. Baldwin's, of Santa Anita, California. Had Grinstead's services
been accessible to the public, or had Mr. Baldwin sold his yearlings at auction, Grin-
stead's progeny would have had a much better showing to their credit. The only line
of Diomed now extant is that through Boston and Lexington ; and if that line is in ex-
istence by the year 1925, I miss my reckoning very badly.

Eclipse, foaled in 1764, was a chestnut horse by Marske, son of Squirt, he by
Bartlett's Childers. His dam was Spiletta by Regulus, son of the Godolphin Arabian
who died in 1753. Eclipse took his name from the great eclipse of the sun which pre-
vailed on the day he was foaled ; and was bred by H. R. H. William, Duke of Cumber-
land, who also bred Herod. At four years old Eclipse was broken to ride and sold
to Mr. Wildman, who shortly afterwards sold one-half interest in him to a noted Irish
gambler of that day, Col. Dennis O'Kelly. Eclipse won his first race at Epsom on the
3rd day of May, 1769, for a plate of £50 which he won with ease in a field of five.
Gower, by Sweepstakes, was second ; Chance, by Young Cade, third, while Trial and
Plume were unplaced. The scale of weights at that time was 118 pounds on five-year-
olds and 129 on six-year-olds and aged horses. The next race he ran, O'Kelly offered
to bet £1,000 that he could place the horses. On the wager being accepted, O'Kelly
said, "Eclipse first — the rest nowhere." He then instructed his jockey to ride so as
to distance the field, which was obeyed to the letter and O'Kelly won his bet. He had
already paid 650 guineas for one-half of the horse and now he became the owner of the
other half for 1,100 guineas. Eclipse won nine races in all that year, including a gold
bowl at Salisbury, two Town Plates and six Royal Plates. The next year he got a
long list of winning brackets, some of which he won at odds of 10 to i ; and in his great
race over the Round Course, against Pensioner Chigger and Diana, they not only bet
10 to I that he would win, but, after the first heat, bet 7 to 4, in very large sums, that he
would distance Pensioner, which he did. Eclipse won nine races in 1770, making
eighteen in all without a single defeat, and was then retired to the stud at 50 guineas per
mare, whence came forth his progeny to conquer as he had done before them. His get
won £158,047 in twenty-three years, winning long after his death. Eclipse first stood
at Clay Hill, near Epsom, where his fee was 50 guineas. He died February 26th, 1787,
aged 23 years, at the Cannons, in Surrey, not far from Cobham, his fee being but 30
guineas for two years before his death. This goes to prove what I have already as-
serted— that Herod's get surpassed those of Eclipse for the first two generations. Had
the young Eclipses beaten the young Herods, there would have been no need of reduc-
ing Eclipse's service fee, from £50 to £30, a shrinkage of 40 per cent.

But after the second generation of each horse had passed, then came the revulsion,
which has never wavered for a moment. It became a rehearsal of O'Kelly's famous
bet, "Eclipse first and the rest nowhere." Eclipse got three Derby winners to Herod's

28 'The American Thoroughbred

none, one of the best of which was Saltram, afterwards imported to America. Before
leaving England, however, Saltram got Whiskey out of Calash by Herod, she being the
dam of Paragon who won the St. Leger of 1786; and Whiskey was about the best stal-
lion of that day. He got Eleanor, winner of the Derby and Oaks of 1801, who also
beat the great Orville three times at cup distances ; and he was also the sire of Pelisse,
winner of the Oaks, and other capital performers. Among the great broodmares got-
ten by Whiskey were those two great sisters, Julia, dam of Phantom, who won the
Derby in 1811 and ran second to Soothsayer in the St. Leger; and Cressida, dam of
Priam, who not only won the Derby of 1830 in a common canter but also won the
Goodwood cup at 4 years with 128 pounds and at 5 with 139 pounds without being ex-
tended. Young Eclipse, also a Derby winner, figures in some good pedigrees but died
too young to achieve any marked success. Of Eclipse's sons that were the sires of
classical winners, we may mention Alexander and his full brother, Don Quixote ; King
Fergus, sire of two St. Leger winners ; Mercury and Meteor, both sires of Oaks win-
ners ; . Volunteer, who got a winner each of the Derby and Oaks ; and last but not the
least Pot-8-os, who got two Derby winners in Champion and Waxy, the former being
the better race horse and the latter the greater sire, by long odds. Other good sires by
Eclipse were Boudrow, Joe Andrews, Dungannon, Jupiter, Hermes, Javelin, Soldier
and Zodiac; and he got the dams of Bobtail (Chanticleer), Haphazard, John Bull (Derby
winner), Master Bagot, Phenomenon (St. Leger), Oberon, Skyscraper, Scotilla, Stam-
ford, Archduke and other great notables. Of all of Eclipse's great and
worthy sons, both on the turf and in the stud, there are now extant only the male lines
of Pot-8-os, King Fergus and Joe Andrews, all others having "gone a-glimmerin' thro'
the gloom." Joe Andrews was nothing great himself but he got Dick Andrews, and
Dick got the Oaks winner Manuella and her full sister Altisdora, who won the St. Leger
in the very next year, as well as Cwrw, who won the Two Thousand, but the greatest of
all of Dick Andrews' get was the stout little bay horse Tramp who won the Doncaster
cup of 1814, when it was a far more important race than now, he being the first three-
year-old to carry off that event. The distance of the Doncaster cup was then four
miles, since reduced to three, then to two and a half, then to two and. a quarter, and
now it is just two miles. Tramp got Dangerous and St. Giles, winners of the Derby;
Barefoot, who won the St. Leger and was imported to America ; Tarantella and Char-
lotte West, winners of the One Thousand Guineas ; Zinganee, who won the Ascot cup
and was also imported to America ; and the great Lottery who won the Doncaster Cup
of 1825, beating two previous winners of the Derby.

King Fergus got two winners of the St. Leger, Beningbrough in 1794 and Hamble-
tonian in the year following. Below is given the most prominent of the get of these
two sires.

BENINGBROUGH t HAMBLETONIAN tVoltigeur *t

1791 1792 Vedette D

Orville Lady Evelyn Whitelock Galopin*

Octavius * Miss Letty Blacklock Donovan *t

Little John Crucifix W Laurel D Galeotia

Frederick* Surplice Flight mare Disreali

Emilius * Cowl Rhedycina St. Simon AG

Priam Beadsman Governess Diamond Jubilee *t

Plenipo Mango Brutandorf C Persimmon

Poison Het. Platoff N Florizel II

Industry Cossack* St. Frusquin

Voltaire D and 5 Oaks winners.

* Won the Derby; t won the St. Le^er; A won the Ascot Cup; D won the Doncaster; G won
the Goodwood; Q won the Queen's Vaseat Ascot; CS won the City and Suburban; J won the
Jockey Club Cup; N won the New Stakes, Ascot; CM won the Grand Duke Michael Stakes,

The Three Cardinal Lines • 29

The line of Mercury (sire of Gohanna, the only horse ever known to beat Waxy)
became extinct in 1890 and that of Beningbrough about 1898.

From 1825 to 1840, the line of Beningbrough, through Orville and his two great
sons Muley and Emilius, was at the head of the English turf, Emilius heading the list
of winning sires for three seasons and Muley for one (1840) in which his son Little
Wonder won the Derby, but never did anything else worthy of note. Another excellent
son of Muley was Leviathan (who won two four-mile races at York under the name
of Mezereon, brought to America a few years prior to Margrave. His daughters bred
admirably to Glencoe and other stallions of the period between 1840 and 1855, but he
never had a son that was better than third-class as a sire. The line of Muley became
extinct in Ireland about 1890, but was gone forever, at least twenty years before that,
everywhere else.

The line of Blacklock went down almost out of sight, every once in a while but
always managed to "bob up serenely" when least expected. It was always said Volti-
geur was a failure because he got only one classic winner, in Vedette, but the following
table shows that while he was never better than, fifth on the lists of Winning Sires,
he got some very good horses.

STOCKWELL VOLTIGEUR

Winners of the Ascot Cup 2 2

Winners of the Doncaster i 3

Winners of the Chester 2 i

Winners of the Epsom 2 I

Winners of the Gr. Yorkshire Stakes i 4

Winners of the Cesarewitch Handicap 2 2

Winners of the Great Ebor Handicap o 3

10 16

Of course everybody knows that Stockvvell surpassed all sires as far as the five
classical events are concerned, but how any man of common sense can call Voltigeur a
failure, after the above showing, passes my comprehension. People call Flying Dutch-
man a failure because he never headed the list of sires, but he was four times second,
twice to Orlando and once each to Newminister and Stockwell ; and third three times,
once to Touchstone and twice to Stockwell. Such alleged failures are susceptible of in"
vestigation.

PoT-S-os, though only a moderate turf horse, was a good sire. He got Waxy, win-
ner of the Derby of 1793. with Gohanna (by Mercury) a good second; Nightshade, a
winner of the Oaks ; and Champion, foaled 1797, who was the first horse ever to win
both the Derby and St. Leger, this in 1800 of course. Champion was a total failure in
the stud and Nightshade produced nothing of note, but Waxy's male line has brought
forth more classic winners than any other three. It has endured from one decade to
another with more regularity than any other and while partially overshadowed by the
line of Hambletonian (through St. Simon and Galopin) since 1885, I am loth to be-
lieve that the overshadowing is in anywise permanent. The following table shows the
vast and far-reaching merits of Waxy as a sire, in every part of the world :

• The American Thoroughbred

C

l^-l

o

^*

/\oercorn uivn

o

*

T*\ 1 V , •*•

r c

rs

<U

W

t, j j-reaanougnr1'
•S •! Carlyon CLA

S

<L>

r-;

Spice t

00

U

. Titan

IN

•

<U

tn

t.

1'

00

(L)

3

CO

vO

*

Merman G

^

*OJ

S

t«

53

M

1

Bravo M

.2

rt

u

g

Patron M*

o

—

j ^J

oS*

t_

r^

fe

RuenalfMS

0?

U

D

S

_3

"c

First Flaneur

H

lo

rt
><

03

O

. Frisco S

oo

CO

3 — l~l ^

as rT NO f Isinglass *

LL, '^ — -. . IU ^>

w r~' "y MT3

"^ o C c

7* j Common* — None Nicer

%<

ffi

«s

~ rt

ii C

£< „ ir , i Pretty Polly t
o I Gallmule ^Wiidflower

0 1

IM

"""jjjj i Janissary — Jeddah*

R

CO

c

^1

*o<

IElland A — Duchess of Malfi — Wagner imp

^d

rt

( Hampton DG

0

§

' rt

Kettledrum *D — Lady Langden 1 Sir Bevys D

"o

_i^

rt

»!"

b-

ffl i DD

v

St. Albans— Springfield Iw^rTrtss^Waterbo*

<'

eg

H
t

f— 1

1.

•ni • A^I- i i Silvio* (Wagner
Blair Ath -jpr Chariie \ Lochiel (Aust.)

c-i
o

O

' Salvator (Am.)

1

0
CO

.
( Ormonde* — Orme — Flying Fox*

ns

. Doncaster — Ben d'Or* •{ T^ ,.j_

. (Galtee More*

>

/ jvenua

^Blairfinde— Ard Patrick*

r Orlando*— Teddington *D

Surplice *
Cotherstone*

' Adventurer

| Pretender*
I Apology tA

(St. Blaise

^

Hermit*

< Shotover*

r?

Newminstert 1848 -i

( Lonelyt — Prisoner D

>j

Petrarch

1'
o

Janettet

00

.0
H

•-

. Lord Clifden •

< Martenhurst

f Merry Hampton*

rt

Hampton \ Ayrshire*

U

*•

T,, . , j Irist ( Ladas*
Jl11 { Longbow— Toxophilite— Musket

_rt rt

oo j N Q'<J

A TTCTD AT T ATM A4" A D Tr c — A wnti Australian Pun- C^ won finndwnnr

CT3

O

•a
o

Cup; GM won Great Metropolitan Cup; M won Melbourne Cup, 2
miles; MS won Melbourne Stakes, i % miles; S won Sidney Gold Cup,
2 miles; C won Champion Stakes, 3 miles; L, won Loch Plate, 2 miles;
*won Australian Derbys.

The Three Cardinal Lines ji

The real value of Touchstone, as a sire, is not to be computed by the number of
classical winners descended from him, for in that respect he falls far below Stockwell,
St. Simon and even his own grandson, Hermit. But in 1888, a writer in the London
Sportsman showed that, after rejecting 8 per cent, of Touchstone's descendants for
club feet and less than 2 per cent, of Birdcatcher's for a similar reason, the male line
of Touchstone showed 924 horses above the grade of selling platers to Birdcatcher's
887. Now there was just two years' difference between the ages of these horses;
and that enabled many mares of Touchstone's get to be bred to Birdcatcher, while
Artillery, who ran a dead heat for second place with Bonnie Scotland in the St.
Leger of 1856, won by Warlock, is the only horse, within my knowledge, that was by
Touchstone and out of a Birdcatcher mare.

It has always been a matter of dispute as to which was the best son of Touchstone
—Orlando or Newminster. Judged by performances, neither was first-class, though one
won the Derby and the other the St. Leger. Judged as sires, we find Orlando three
times first on the list, three times second and twice third. Newminster was in front
for but two seasons, twice second and three times third. He got winners of more money
than Orlando, but he was by seven years the younger horse of the two and Newmin-
ster's increase of winnings was due merely to the constant increase in the value of
racing prizes in the meantime. Coming down to the next generation, Orlando (who
was very deficient in sire blood himself) got no horse worthy of being called a sire,
Boiardo, probably his best in this respect, having been sold to Australian owners.
Newminster, on the contrary, is the only stallion since 1820 to get three premier
sires, Hermit for seven seasons (consecutively) and Lord Clifden and Adventurer for
one season each. Hermit's success was due entirely to the fact that his get were
flashy and liked short races.

Of course, Eclipse is "first — the rest nowhere" — in summing up the results of the
past century, being the male tail-line ancestor of all the best sires and most of the
better class of performers. But Eclipse represents the male line of the Darley Arabian
and had just, one cross of him, while he had two of the Godolphin and even more of
the Lister Turk. But as the male line of the latter horse is extinct by nearly
two centuries, we will let him drop out and confine our attention entirely to those
that have survived the wear-and-tear of Time. The following table shows the pro-
portion of blood of the three cardinal lines in each of some, forty odd prominent stal-
lions of the nineteenth century, all of which have been sires of at least one classic
winner :

32 The American Thoroughbred

Crosses of-

Godol-
Darley Byerly phin
Stallions' Names ' Sires Arabian Turk Arabian

Eclipse 1764 Marske 1750 102

Herod 1758 Tartar 1743 2 i o

Matchem 1748 Cade 1734 o i I

Sir Peter 1784 Highflyer 1774 441

Buzzard 1787 Woodpecker 1773 573

Selim 1802 Buzzard 1787 6 12 9

Irish Escape 1802 Commodore 1787 1496

Whisky 1789 Saltram 1780 324

Gohanna 1790 Mercury 1778 434

Waxy 1790 Pot-8-os 1773 662

Orville 1799 Beningbrough 1771 986

Whalebone 1807 Waxy 1790 4 n _ 5

Tramp 1810 Dick Andrews 1797 n 10 16

Blacklock 1814 Whitelock 1803 12 10 15

Touchstone 1831 Camel 1822 16 23 24

Birdcatcher 1833 Sir Hercules 1826 19 19 27

Harkaway 1834 Economist 1825 17 21 46

Newminister 1848 Touchstone 1831 22 31 34

Stockwell 1849 The Baron 1842 38 44 37

Weatherbit 1842 Sheet Anchor 1832 25 31 41

Sweetmeat 1842 Gladiator 1833 32 32 31

It is customary for some writers to claim a preponderance of the Godolphin's
blood as a prerequisite for a great stallion. So far as bone and substance are coi>-
cerned, they are right, but if the Godolphin's is the best blood, why has it now be-
come the rarest, for it is now extinct save through Melbourne who was no part
of any such race-horse as was Doctor Syntax who won the Preston Gold Cup four
times and was second for it on another occasion ? And if the Godolphin's blood is
the best of all, why was, Harkaway, who was the strongest inbred to the Godolphin
01 any of the twenty-one stallions above given, such an ignominious failure at the
stud? He was certainly 10 pounds better than Lanercost and 15 better than Mel-
boinne, and probably 15 pounds better than Charles XII. (whom he never met) and
yet, if ever he got a horse that ranked above the selling plate class, I never heard of
it. Melbourne was worth a ten-acre lot full of Harkaways, so far as breeding was
concerned. Harkaway had nine more crosses of the Godolphin than had Melbourne,
who saved the male line of the Godolphin from total extinction. If Godolphin blood
was the sine qua non, Harkaway should have outbred The Baron, Touchstone and
Birdcatcher very easily. As it is,, his male line is very weak everywhere, there being
no first-class stallion anywhere in the world from his line unless Dick Welles and his
brother, Ort Welles, now both in training, turn out to be such.

"The survival of the fittest" is the proper term to apply to the unquestioned pre-
eminence of the'Darley Arabian's male line. Doctrinaires will overhaul the pedi-
gree of Eclipse to show that he had more Godolphin than Darley blood, which is
strictly true. But how is it that the Byerly Turk's male line has gotten not a single
Derby winner since Sir Bevys won it in 1879; nor a St. Leger winner since Ossian
defeated St. Blaise and a dozen others in 1883? And how is it that Sir Visto, by Bar-
caldine out of Vista by Macaroni, was the first horse (in 1895) from the Godolphin's
line to win a Derby since Blink Bonny carried it off in 1857, a lapse of 38 years ; and
that Sir Visto and Kilwarlin were the only two Godolphin horses to win a St. Leger
since West Australian went into the "triple crown" business, in 1853? Other races
in England show a great proportion of victories for the Herod and Matchem lines,

The Three Cardinal Lines jj

but that of Eclipse holds an indisputable sway in the classics. In France, the scale
has turned, since the death of Monarque, very largely in favor of the Herod blood
in point of class, if not in numbers. In 1878, Mortemer, from the Partisan branch of
the Herod line, outbred everything there, so that Mr. Pierre Lorillard imported him
to this country at a cost of $33,000 and just about got his money back.' Mortemer
was the sire of Verneuil (out of Regalia by Stockwell) the only horse to win the
Queen's Gold Vase, the Ascot Cup and the Alexandra Plate (3 miles) during tihe
same week, but his success in America was not equal to his unquestionable triumphs
on his native soil. The most successful stallion in France since 1890 has been Le
Sancy, a Herod-line horse whose sire was a very moderate performer in England —
Atlantic — who won the Two Thousand Guineas in 1874; and he was by Thormanby,
who won the Derby of 1860 and the Ascot Cup of 1861, his dam being Hurricane by
Wild Dayrell. It is blood, that in England, is considered good without being great.
But it certainly has shown itself very powerful in France, as has also the blood of
Flying Dutchman, whose sons, Dollar and Dutch Skater, left a very deep impression
on France. England can now progress no further in breeding to the male line of
Eclipse. She must have Herod stallions for outcrosses and she will have to go to
France for them, although I believe our own Hanover line superior to anything
they have in France.

PART III.

The Modern British Thoroughbred

'For if once we efface the charm of the chase
From the land and uproot the stud^

Then goodbye to the Anglo-Saxon race
And farewell to the Norman blood"

— ADAM LINDSAY GORDON.

( "The Shakespeare of the Turf.")

fc
o

The Modern British Thoroughbred

The close of the eighteenth century witnessed a remarkable advance in the breed-
ing interests of England. There were five stallions foaled in the last fifteen years of
that century that were destined to perpetuate their names through the one hundred
years next to follow, and these were :

SIR PETER, foaled 1784, by Highflyer out of Papillon by Snap. Won the Derby
of 1787 and got four Derby, two Oaks and four St. Leger winners.

BUZZARD, foaled 1787, by Woodpecker out of Misfortune by Dux. Got Bron'ze,
winner of the Oaks in 1806 and Quiz, St. Leger of 1801. Also sire of Selim, Rubens
and Castrel, all great sires, ranking in the order named. Buzzard was imported to
Virginia, where he got Hephestion and other good ones. Died in Kentucky in 1811
at the age of 24. Bronze was sister to Selim, Rubens and Castrel.

WAXY, Derby winner of 1793, by Pot-8-os (1773) out of Maria by Herod. Got
four Derby and three Oaks winners, being the only horse in history to get all three
placed horses in the Epsom Oaks, over 90 years ago. He got no St. Leger winners,
but was sire of three great horses, all brothers. Whalebone won the Derby and got
three Derby and one Oaks winner, beside one eacli of the Ascot and Goodwood Cups.
Whisker got no Derby nor Oaks winners but got two St. Leger winners — Memnon and
The Colonel, the latter making a dead heat with Cadland for the Derby. Woful, the
third of this marvelous trio, is but little heard of, even among men claiming to be
pedigree students, but he got two Oaks winners and one of the St. Leger, Theodore,
who finished on three legs.

SORCERER, a black horse, foaled 1796, by Trumpator out of Young Giantess by
Diomed, she being also the second dam of both Phantom and Priam, winners of the
Derby ; and the third dam of Langar, a noted sire who got Elis, St. Leger of 1836 ; and
also got Felt, Chester Cup of 1830.

HAMBLETONIAN, brown horse foaled 1792 and winner of the St. Leger in 1795.
He got no classic winners but was sire of Camillus, Anticipation (twice winner of the
Ascot Cup) and Whitelock, sire of Blacklock, whose dam produced the three-legged
St. Leger winner, Theodore. It is through Blacklock that the male-line of Hamble-
tonian survives to the present date. Hambletonian was by King Fergus out of a mare
(1782) by Highflyer; and King Fergus was also sire of Beningbrough, who won the
St. Leger in 1794. For twenty-five years Beningbrough outbred Hambletonian as
badly as one horse could outbreed another, for he got two Oaks winners and the mag-
nificent Orville, that won the St. Leger of 1802. Orville got Octavius and Emilius,
winners of the Derby; Ebor, who beat Blacklock a length for the St. Leger of 1817;
and two winners of the One Thousand Guineas. From 1800 to 1830 the male-line of
Hambletonian and Blacklock lay perfectly dormant, save in cup races at long dis-
tances. Emilius, on the other hand, was the most noted sire between 1825 and 1840,
getting Priam and Plenipotentiary, winners of the Derby; Oxygen, winner of the

j8 The American Thoroughbred

Oaks in 1831 ; Mango, the St. Leger winner in 1837 and probably as poor a horse as
ever won it; Riddlesworth, winner of the Two Thousand Guineas, and three of the
One Thousand Guineas.. And for all that the male-line of Beningbrough, through Or-
ville, Emilius and Muley is now extinct, while that of Hambletonian through Black-
lock, Voltaire, Voltigeur, Vedette, Galopin and St. Simon, now stands at the head of
the British turf, having headed the list of winning sires for fourteen years out of the
past sixteen. History teems with revenge.

Therefore, the only three Eclipse lines now extant are those which come down
to us through Hambletonian, Joe Andrews and Waxy ; the only Herod lines are those
through Sir Peter and Buzzard. And the only Matchem line that comes to us is
that handed down through Comus, whose dam was by Sir Peter; Humphrey Clinker,
whose dam was by a son of St. Peter ; and Melbourne, but for whom the male-line of
Matchem would now be extinct. The Gohanna branch of Eclipse blood became extinct
in 1894, his last male-line representative being Warwick, by Hubbard, out of May-
flower (dam of Joe Hooker, a really good sire) by imported Eclipse, son of Orlando.
Gohanna was foaled in 1790 and ran second to Waxy in the Derby. He was subsequent-
ly matched against Waxy at two miles and beat him. Gohanna got Cardinal Beaufort
and Election, winners of the Derby. The best representative of this line in England was
Catton and in America the game little Revenue, his grandson.

WAXY was undoubtedly the best exponent of Eclipse's male-line, for while that
of 'Hambletonian was always considered good, it never became really great until the
advent of Galopin and his great son, St. Simon. Waxy's line, on the other hand,
was always great. He got four winners of the Derby in Waxy Pope, Whalebone,
Blucher and Whisker, the latter being by far the handsomest of the quartette. From
1878 to 1892 the Whisker branch of Waxy blood was ahead of the Whalebone branch
in Australia, but not in Europe or America. The dam of Waxy Pope was Prunella
by Highflyer ; and she was the second dam of Whalebone and Whisker, as well as
Woful, mentioned above. From this line of mares, in later generations, came Mid-
dleton, Derby winner of 1825 ; Glencoe, who won the Two Thousand Guineas and
Goodwood Cup at three years and the Ascot Cup at four; Bay Middleton (never
beaten), who won the Two Thousand and the Derby of 1836; and Princess and Pas-
tille, winners of the Oaks. No wonder Mr. Bruce Lowe made this the No. i family
in his figure system. WTaxy was the sire of Whalebone, a winner for six consecutive
seasons and sire of three Derby winners (conceding that he was the true sire of
Moses), and Caroline, winner of the Oaks in 1820.

But none of Whalebone's Derby winners were of any account as sires. We had
the misfortune to import one of them, Lapdog, full brother to Spaniel, who won the
same race in 1831. The only sires that Whalebone got were Camel, foaled in 1822;
Sir Hercules, foaled in 1826, and Defence, foaled in 1818. The male line of Defence,
through The Emperor and Monarque, still exists in France, but is very weak and is
extinct elsewhere. Camel was a very big and rangy horse with a decided verging to-
ward coarseness; and as far as I have been able to read, an inferior performer. Sir
Hercules was gotten by Whalebone when he was eighteen years old and was about the
last of his progeny, besides being his best. In conformation he was the direct antitheton
of Camel, being barely fifteen and one-half hands high and the most compact horse
ever seen in England up to this day. From the center of the breast to the hind part
of the shoulder; from the hind part of the shoulder to the hip; and from the hip to
the whirlbone, the three measures were exactly identical. Is it any wonder that he
got two such great sires as Birdcatcher and Faugh-a-Ballagh ? Sir Hercules got Cor-
onation, winner of the Derby in 1841 ; Faugh-a-Ballagh, winner of the St. Leger of
1844; Corsair, who won the Two Thousand of 1839; Lifeboat, winner of the Great
Metropolitan ; and Hyllus, who won the Goodwood Cup, after having been second and
third for it in the two previous years, together with two winners each of the Chester

The Modern British Thoroughbred 39

Cup, Cesarewitch and Cambridgeshire handicaps. No intelligent reader can say that
he was not a sire among sires.

CAMEL got two St. Leger winners, full brothers, Touchstone in 1834 and Launcelot
in 1840. The latter was as great a failure in the stud as his brother was a success;
and he was as much handsomer horse than Touchstone as one horse could be handsomer
than another. Camel also got Wintonian, brother to that great broodmare, Hester ;
and Wintonian got Rhedycina, who won the Oaks of 1850. Camel's reputation, as a
sire of sires, must therefore rest upon Touchstone entirely. Touchstone does not ap-
pear to have been any great three-year-old, although he won the St. Leger, because he
was twice beaten by General Chasse (by Actaeon), only a fair horse. But at four,
five and six years old, Touchstone was one of the two best long-distance horses in
England, Glencoe being the other. Touchstone won the Ascot Cups of i836-'37 and
the Doncaster Cups of i835-'36; and as Caravan, by the same sire, won the Ascot
Cup in 1839, this made Camel sire of three Ascot Cup winners, a record equalled only
by Sterling, a male-line descendant of Sir Hercules, about fifty years later. And here
I must drop the Waxy branch of Eclipse, for the present, and crawl back to the
Hambletonian line, now so famous in England though not so good here.

HAMBLETONIAN, St. Leger winner of 1795, got two fairly good sires in Camillus
and Whitelock. Camillus got Treasure, by long odds the greatest mare (considered
as an ancestress, of course) in the whole No. 2 family; and he also got Oiseau, sire
of Rowton, St. Leger winner of 1829, in which he beat Voltaire, who was worth a
ten-acre lot full of Rowtons as a sire, Sir Hercules being third in that race. Of
Whitelock I know nothing, save that he was the sire of Blacklock, second to Ebor in
the St. Leger of 1817 and beat him afterwards, as well as nearly .every other horse
that started against him after he reached his fourth year. All accounts agree that
Blacklock lost the great northern race through bad riding; and who, at this late day,
ever hears of Ebor? Blacklock is described as a large and splendidly bodied horse
with an ugly and fiddle-shaped head. Query, how long did it take the English breeders
to find out that a horse does not run with his head?

BLACKLOCK got Voltaire, who ran second in the St. Leger of 1829 and won the
Doncaster Cup in the same week; Brutandorf, out of Mandane (dam of the great
Lottery), winner of the Chester Cup in 1826; Laurel, third in the St. Leger of 1827 and
winner of the Doncaster Cup in 1828; and Samarcand, winner of numerous races that
I have forgotten. From 1840 to 1865, ask any English breeding expert as to which was
the best branch of Blacklock's line and he would answer "through Brutandorf" without
one moment's hesitation. Since then the Brutandorf line has become almost, if not
entirely extinct ; and the Voltaire branch, through Vedette, is now at the head of the
English turf, Galopin heading the list at 25 years of age, while his son, the great St.
Simon, heads the list for nine seasons, as against seven each for Stockwell and Hermit,
the two best exponents of the lines of Sir Hercules and Camel. Never in the world's
history did any other horse suffer so much calumny and persecution as did old Black-
lock. That his descendant, St. Simon, should get five winners of the Oaks, as against
three each for King Tom, Melbourne, Priam and Waxy, is honor enough, but he also
got five of the One Thousand Guineas, as against three for Emilius, the only other
horse to get three. Old Blacklock, if he were alive, could truthfully say that "Revenge
is sweet." I must now go back to Joe Andrews and his great son, Dick Andrews, sire
of that marvelous little horse, Tramp.

JOE ANDREWS, named after a noted prize-fighter of that era, was by Eclipse, out of
Amanda by Omnium. He got Dick Andrews, a fair racehorse out of a Highflyer mare,
from a mare by Cardinal Puff. Dick Andrews got Tramp, the first three-year-old
to win the Doncaster Cup, in 1814, when that race was run at four miles ; and Tramp's
defeat at that distance, at five years old, by Prime Minister (son of Sancho) was one
of the things that never could be explained. Dick Andrews got Manuella, winner of

40 The American Thoroughbred

the Oaks in 1812 and afterwards dam of Belshazzar, imported to America and men-
tioned at length in the American chapter, of this book; Altisidora, fufll sister to
Manuella and winner of the St. Leger in 1813 : and Cwrw, winner of the Two Thou-
sand Guineas. Dick Andrews also got several good broodmares, but it is solely upon
Tramp that his name must rest as a perpetuator of the Eclipse blood ; and it goes
without sayinp- that Tramp was by far the stoutest horse of that era for, at five years
old, he beat the six-year-old Catton at four miles with 140 pounds on each. Tramp
got Lottery, winner of the Doncaster Cup of 1825, in which he defeated the Derby
winners of the two preceding years ; Dangerous and St. Giles, winners of the Derby,
the former sold to France and the latter imported into Alabama ; Barefoot, winner of
the St. Leger and imported into Massachusetts; and two winners of the One Thou-
sand Guineas also. Tramp also got Liverpool, who beat the St. Leger winner, Chorister,
in a match and afterwards got Idas, winner of the Two Thousand in 1845. Liverpool
also got that great cup horse, Lanercost, who ran third in the St. Leger of 1839 and
afterwards won a total of 28 races in 54 starts, including the Newcastle and Ascot,
Cups of 1841, in both of which he defeated that marvelous mare, Beeswing. Laner-
cost was sold to France at fourteen years old, previous to which he got Van Tromp,
winner of the St. Leger of 1847, the Ascot Cup and Goodwood Cup of 1849 and second
in the Doncaster Cup to Chanticleer (son of Birdcatcher) while conceding him five
pounds. Lanercost also got Catherine Hayes, who won the Oaks of 1853 and by
long odds the handsomest mare of her day. She was the dam of Belladrum, the best
two-year-old that Stockwell ever got. One would naturally suppose that, if the line
of Tramp bred on, it would be through Liverpool and Lanercost, but fate had decreed
otherwise. The Lanercost branch still exists in Australia, but it is very likely to go out
at any time. There is no male-line representative of Lanercost in America nor Eng-
land and few, if any, in France. To give the reader an idea how stout a horse he was,
I would mention that he won five races in twelve days, the last one being the Cambridge-
shire at Newmarket, in which he defeated Hetman Platoff and nineteen others.

The line of Tramp, that is, whatever is worthy of mention, comes down to us
through Lottery and his son Sheet Anchor, whose dam was Morgiana, sister to Monimia
(dam of Hester and Wintonian) by Muley. Sheet Anchor was mated with Miss Letty,
the Oaks winner of 1837, the produce being a little brown horse called Weatherbit who,
in spite of his small size, was good enough to give Chamois, by Venison, 27 pounds
in the Great Metropolitan of 1846 and run him to a head. Sheet Anchor got Colling-
wood, winner of the Royal Hunt Cup at Ascot in 1845 with the top weight of the
race. The Australians imported six sons of Collingwood on account of their great
substance, but none of them got any sires. Weatherbit was moderately successful as
a sire, being twice third to Touchstone and once to Melbourne. He pot Beadsman, the
Derby winner of 1858, out of the Oaks winner, Mendicant; and also got Kelpie, re-
ferred to in the Australian chapter of this work, as well as one winner each of the
Cesarewitch and Cambridgeshire. He also got two mares that are already famous in
American stud history — Cicily Jopson, dam of Waverly, who outbred every other son
of imported Australian while he lived; and Weatherwitch, dam of Fonso, who won
the Kentucky Derby of 1880, as well as the second dam of the peerless Hindoo and
the third dam of pretty little Firenze, so justly styled "the Beeswing of America."

BEADSMAN was a brown colt foaled in 1855 and winner of the Derby of 1858, with
Toxophilite second and The Hadji third. He was a trifle under sized and had
tucked thighs which indicate an inclination to run fast without regard to staying
qualities. He retired to the stud at four and got Blue Gown, the win-
ner of the Derby and Ascot Cup of 1868; Pero Gomez, winner of the St.
Leger 1869; The Palmer, winner of the Liverpool Cup of 1869; and last but not least,
Rosicrucian who, with 133 pounds up, defeated Musket, four years, 126 pounds, for the
Alexandra Plate at Ascot in 1872, in the most furious finish seen on "the Heath" since

'The Modern British "Thoroughbred 41

Camarine defeated Rowton for the Ascot Cup of 1831. The two leaders were never
unlocked during the race, and the struggle was so severe that the Judge declined to
place the third horse, Dutch Skater, who was nearly eighty yards away, and at least
twenty ahead of Barford and Wheatear.

The best exponent of the Joe Andrews line, therefore, is Rosicrucian, now about
seven years dead — with a possible exception in favor of the Australian horse Golds-
brough, who is described at length in the Australian chapter of this work. Golds-
brough and Rosicrucian both got great broodmares but no sons worthy of mention as
sires. Althotas, uy Rosicrucian, got a pretty fair horse in Button Park, but the line
is nearly gone in England and quite so in America. Vasco di Gama, a full brother
to Pero Gomez, together with his sister, Arapeile, was sent to Australia, but achieved
nothing of any great note. Tim Whiffler was another Tramp horse sent to the land
of the Kangaroo, after winning the Chester and Goodwood Cups of 1862. He was by
Van Galen, son of Van Tromp, and he by Lanercost, out of Sybil by The Ugly Buck,
son of Venison. Tim Whiffler got the only filly ever to win the Melbourne Cup, and
she also won the Victoria Derby in the same year ; and he was also the sire of Darri-
well, a Melbourne Cup winner also. I have heard nothing of that line in Australia for
the past ten years and naturally conclude that it is fully as weak in Australia as in
England. And having disposed of the Joe Andrews branch of Eclipse's line, I come
back to the earlier Herod lines that have survived up to the present writing.

SIR PETER was the best exponent of the No. 3 family, barring Stockwell, as he was
covering long before the One Thousand and Two Thousand Guinea races were started;
and, consequently, the Derby, Oaks and St. Leger are the only means of comparison
between the two. And here you see how they range up beside each other :

STOCKWELL SIR PETER

Winners of the Derby 3 4

Winners of the Oaks i 2

Winners of the St. Leger '. 6 4

10 10

So you see the Derby hero of 1/87 held his own pretty well, being three points
ahead of Melbourne and five ahead of King Tom in winners of the above races. Like
Whalebone, who came twenty years after him, Sir Peter was very unlucky with his
Derby winners. From Horatia by Eclipse he got Paris and Archduke, both Derby
winners and of no earthy value as sires, while Stamford, a full brother to these two
brilliants, is to be found in the pedigree of every great horse on earth, from four to
a dozen times. He got the dams of Mameluke and Emilius, both Derby winners ; of
Master Henry, a winner of the Whip and sire of that ereat mare, Banter; and the grand
dam of Don John and Hetinan Platoff, both horses of exceptional merit. And I have
never been able to find any performances by Stamford, nothwithstanding I have been
doing considerable reading in the past forty years on English turf history. Sir Peter
got Walton, foaled 1799 and a sort of hard-luck horse; and his full brother, William-
son's Ditto, winner of the Derby of 1803. I can find the latter horse only as sire of
Luzborough, imported to this country ; and of Bacchante, dam of the great Sultan,
who ran second to Tiresias in the Derby of 1819 and who is the greatest sire of extreme
speed to the present writing, being the only sire with five winners of the Two Thou-
sand Guineas to his credit, Touchstone and Stockwell having each four. Walton was a
good racehorse and got Phantom, the Derby winner of 1811, and St. Patrick, who won
the St. Leger of 1820. Walton also got the noted stallion, Partisan, who ranks next
to Sultan as a sire of extreme speed. Partisan got Mameluke, Derby winner of 1827;
Cyprian, Oaks winner in 1836, and Patron, who won the Two Thousand. Phantom got
two Derby winners in consecutive years, Middleton and Cedric; Cobweb, who won the
Oaks and One Thousand in 1824, and Pindarrie and Enamel, winners of the Two

4.2 'The American 'Thoroughbred

Thousand. Cobweb afterwards became famous as the dam of Bay Middleton, winner
of the Derby and Two Thousand of 1836; and Achmet, also a Two Thousand winner,
while her full sister produced Ibrahim, winner of the Two Thousand, and Princess,
winner of the Oaks of 1844. It now becomes necessary to turn back to the beginning
of the century, to see just what the Matchem horses did for the turf.

SORCERER, a black horse foaled in 1796, got Soothsayer, winner of the St. Leger
of 1811 and sire of Tiresias, who defeated Sultan in the Derby; Smo-
lensko, who won both the Derby and Two Thousand in 1813 ; two other winners of
the Two Thousand; three winners of the Oaks, one of which was the famous brood-
mare, Morel, and the great stallion, Bourbon, sire of that stout mare, Fleur de Lis,
who won one Doncaster Cup and two Goodwood Cups. Smolensko got Jerry, the
St. Leger winner of 1824. Even that early in the day the Matchem line began to show
a falling-off. Sorcerer also got Comus, foaled in 1809, and he got Reveller and Matilda,
winners of the St. Leger ; and Gray Momus, who won the Two Thousand and Ascot
Cup of 1838. Comus also got an enormous brown horse called Humphrey Clinker, said
to have been eighteen hands high and believed to have been the largest thoroughbred
ever foaled. This big horse got Bran, second to both Glencoe and Touchstone in
the Ascot Gold Cups of 1835-36 and afterwards sire of the Oaks winner, Our Nell;
Famine, a great winner in Ireland ; and last but not least, that great, homely horse,
Melbourne, who was no very great performer but good enough to beat — at a mere
nominal difference of weight — such horses as Lanercost and St. Bennett (who had
previously beaten the great Harkaway) in a race for the Palatine Plate at Chester.
Melbourne was from the Tregonwell Barb mare (family No. i) and therefore was
selected for such mares of Touchstone's get as had a cross of Whisker on their dam's
side. One of these was Mowerina, sister to Cotherstone, who won both the Two
Thousand and Derby but was beaten a neck by Nutwith in the St. Leger. From this
union of Melbourne and Mowerina came West Australian, the first horse in history
to win the Two Thousand, the Derby and the St. Leger, this being in 1853 ; and he
also won the Ascot Cup of the following year, after a desperate struggle with King-
ston, who carried 126 pounds to his 117, Rataplan being third with 117 pounds also.
This has always raided a doubt in my mind as to whether West Australian was really
a first-class horse for, had they run at the present scale of weight-for-age, "The West"
and Rataplan would have carried 126 pounds each and Kingston 129; and as West
Australian barely beat Kingston at nine pounds' difference of weight, it is very evi-
dent that, under the present scale, Kingston must have won by about two lengths.
As a sire West Australian was a signal failure. He got Summerside, an Oaks win-
ner, from that great race-mare, Ellerdale, by Lanercost, who produced Ellington, the
Derby winner of 1856; and from a daughter of The Cure he got The Wizard, who.
beat the Rap and Traducer (afterwards sire of Sir Modred and Lurline) and twelve
others in the Two Thousand Guineas of 1860 and ran second to Thormanby in the
Derby. And it's a singular thing that his only three sons of any merit whatever, as
sires, should all have been expatriated. Solon went to Ireland, where he got Barcal-
dine and Arbitrator; Ruy Bias was sold to France, where he got several great ones;
and Millington, afterwards knowns as "imported Australian," was brought to this
country, where he got such cracks as Joe Daniels, Wildidle, Rutherford, Fellow-craft,
Miser, Mate, Merodac and last and best of all, Spendthrift, who is the only native
stallion to get two premier sires — Kingston and Hastings — in the past half-century. If
I were a resident of Georgetown, Ky., I would cheerfully subscribe $100 towards a
monument to be erected to the memory of Mr. Keene Richards, who imported Aus-
tralian from England. He evidently "builded wiser than he knew," for six grandsons
of Australian won big races in England, including the Derby and St. Leger of 1881.
And now, having followed the Matchem line into the middle of the last century, I
must go back once more to the Eclipse horses, having broken off at Van Tromp in

The Modern British Thoroughbred 43

1848. The following year saw the Flying Dutchman, who was by Bay Middleton out
of Van Tromp's dam, carry off the Derby and St. Leger; and had he been nominated
in the Two Thousand (won by Nunnykirk, a brother to Newminster) he must have
won that, too, for he was clearly the best horse of that year by ten pounds. The fol-
lowing year saw the renaissance of Blacklock's line for all time.

VOLTIGEUR, a small brown horse, but powerfully built, was by Voltaire (second
in St. Leger of 1829 and sire, of Charles XII., who won that event in 1839) out of
Martha Lynn by Mulatto, from Leda (sister to Arachne) by Filho la Puta. Voltigeur
was own brother to Barnton, a moderate performer best known as the sire of that
great cup horse, Fandango, who is the only horse in history to win the Stockbridge,
Ascot and Doncaster Cups in one season. Voltigeur was owned by Lord Zetland and
could not be gotten ready for the Two Thousand so his owner paid forfeit to the
winner, Pitsford, by Epirus, afterwards sent out to Australia. Epsom came on with
her glorious vista of buttercups and daisies ; and the little brown son of Martha Lynn
won the Derby, with Pitsford second and Clincher third, in a field of twenty-four. It
was a heavy betting race for Bolingbroke and Pitsford had alternated as favorites
during the past winter, while Voltigeur could easily have been had at 100 to 8 within
five days of the race. At Goodwood and Ascot, "Volty" did not start in any actual
race but walked over for the St. James Palace Stakes. Doncaster came on in Sem-
tember and Ireland sent over to the St. Leger the best colt she had raised since the
days of Faugh-a-Ballagh. His name was Russborough and he was from the same
line of mares that produced Tramp. When Voltigeur came on the track the whole
Town Moor broke out into a frenzy of applause for he was the first Yorkshire-bred
horse to win the Derby in several years, besides which the popularity of the Earl
of Zetland was almost unbounded among the tykes. Voltigeur was ridden by El-
nathan Flatman, who also had ridden him in the Derby and Orlando before him..
"Nat" rode a waiting race and, on passing the Red House, found Russborough and
Bolingbroke in front of him, so he put on all steam and passed Boling-
broke, but could not pass the Irish colt, who hung on like a mother-in-law.
The judge hung out two cyphers for a dead heat, but Russborough was too badly
distressed for another effort, so "Volti" walked over for the stake.

Two days later came the deluge. The Doncaster Cup had 27 nominations, but
only two came to the post, "Volti," with 105 pounds and Flying Dutchman, with 124,
who had won the Emperor of Russia's Plate at Ascot (then substituted for the Ascot
Cup, with the same weights and distance) in such hollow style that the bookmakers
laid 2 to i that he would win. Charles Marlow, who had ridden him in all of his
races, was on the Dutchman's back and was ordered by Fobert, the trainer, to trail
Voltigeur to the Red House and then come on. There were a lot of tally-ho coaches
and drags in the reserve about 200 yards above the finishing post. The Earl of
Eglington was in the betting ring, but as the pair went up the back stretch, his wife
called to Lady Zetland and asked her if she could see the horses?

"Yes, and the Dutchman is two lengths to the good," replied Lady Zetland.

•'Then Voltigeur will beat him," replied Lady Eglinton, "for Dutchy can never
make his own running and I know that Fobert has instructed Marlowe to ride a
waiting race with him."

Her ladyship had prognosticated truly, for Voltigeur won by two lengths and
the great Flying Dutchman was terribly distressed. Out of this grew the most
famous match of the past seventy years, two miles at weight for age, only to be run
at York, instead of Doncaster. The stake was £2,500 a side. That day saw Marlowe
duly sober and on his best behavior. He held the "Deutcher" back for a mile and a
half and then let him come with his typhoon rush that no other horse of that day
could equal. He won by three lengths, and the -half of Yorkshire went "stone broke,"
But really, there was never a day nor an hour that Voltigeur had any license to beat

44 'The American Thoroughbred

the Dutchman, whom, for reasons already given, I always shall believe to have been
a better horse than West Australian and just about in the same notch with Gladiateur,
who was one of the three best winners of the triple crown, Ormonde and Isinglass
being the other two.

I read, about a year ago, in an English paper, where some writer spoke of "Volti"
and the Dutchman and said "It is a most fortunate happening, indeed, that while
these two horses were rank failures in the stud, their blood should have been so
admirably united as to produce a first-class racehorse and a phenomenal sire in Galopin."
I do not agree with that writer that these two stallions were in anywise "rank failures"
in the stud. Considering that they were both in the stud simultaneously with Touch-
stone, Melbourne and Birdcatcher, three of the ten greatest sires in the nineteenth
century, though they were much younger horses, I can only regard their success as
bordering on the phenomenal, for Flying Dutchman, while he never headed the list,
was sold to France at a big price, previous to which he was four times second on the
list, once to Orlando, twice to Stockwell and once to Newminster, who, between them,
headed the list for an aggregate of twelve years. You certainly cannot call any
such horse as that a failure. Now let us pass on to the little brown horse from the
Zetland stable. Voltigeur's best year was in 1857 when his son Vedette won the
Two Thousand Guineas, the Doncaster Cup and the Great Yorkshire Stakes, which
placed Voltigeur fifth on the list. He was ninth in the next year when Vedette won
the Doncaster Cup for the second time, the Northumberland Plate and the Great
Ebor at York. My own belief is that Vedette, had he been nominated in the Derby
and St. Leger of 1857, which was a "mares year," would have, won both those classics,
placing himself alongside of West Australian ; and that Blink Bonny and Imperieuse
would never have been heard of, save as winners of the Oaks and One Thousand
Guineas, respectively. Voltigeur died at Hampton Court at the ripe age of 27 years
and was one of the first twelve on the list for no less a period than sixteen seasons.

Here is a comparison for you :

GOT WINNERS OF —

The Doncaster Cup

VOLTIGEUR STOCKWELL

3 i

The Ascot Cup .

2 2

The Great Yorkshire Stakes . .

4 I

The Great Ebor Handicap

3 o

The Cesarewitch Handicap

2 2

The Chester CUD .

I 2

15

Of course Stockwell got 17 classic winners to Voltigeur's i, but you cannot ignore
a horse that gets winners of such weight-for-age as the Ascot and Doncaster Cups
and the Great Yorkshire Stakes, the latter race being run at the St. Leger weights
and distance. Voltigeur got Sabreur, Vedette, Zetland and Skirmisher as winners
of this race, Sabreur winning the Doncaster Cup once, Vedette twice and Skirmisher
the Ascot Cup at three years old, beating Gemma di Vergy, Saunterer, Fisherman and
Arsenal. How any sane man can call such a horse as Voltigeur "a failure in the stud"
after such a showing as this, passes my comprehension. Skirmisher was also a full
brother to the Ranger, the first horse to win the Grand Prix de Paris and sire of the
imported horse Ulrlan who won the Doncaster Cup in 1873. I hold that the classic
events are a good test of a sire's precreative powers but far from infallible. Nobody
would think of calling Touchstone a failure, would he? Yet the interesting fact
remains that Touchstone never got a winner of the Doncaster, Ascot or Goodwood
Cups nor of the Queen's Vase, his only cup winner being Vanity who won the Chester
Cup and that race is a handicap and not at weight for age.

In a similar way I have heard men say Blair Athol was a failure at the stud. In

The Modern British Thoroughbred 45

the name of candor if Blair Athol was a failure what was a success? Blair Athol
headed the list for four seasons and was four times second, once to his own sire,
Stockwell, and once each to Thormanby, Buccaneer and Lord Clifden. Stockwell got
St. Albans and Doncaster, both of which reached second place but never attained the
premiership; and he also got Citadel, Thunderbolt, Ostreger, Glenlyon, Breadalbane,
Gang Forward, Bothwell and a dozen other good sires but none of them was ever
better than fifth ; and it was not till Galtee More won "the triple crown" in 1897, that
any horse whatever from Stockwell's line, outside of Blair Athol, attained the first
honors of that year which went to Kendal. In 1899 Orme was premier through the
victories of Flying Fox, that being the second time the male-line of Stockwell was
ahead of the once despised line of Blacklock. If Blair Athol was a failure after four
years of premiership and four years as the runner-up, what would you call the other
sons of Stockwell ? Now then, having disposed of "the accursed blood of Blacklock"
up to the middle of the last century, let me hark back to the Eclipse and Herod lines
since 1834.

Sultan was by far the greatest Herod stallion since the days of Sir Peter, one of
whose sons was oultan's maternal grandsire. Sultan got Bay Middleton, Derby and
St. Leger winner in 1836 and sire of the Derby winners Flying Dutchman and Andover,
and the Two Thousand winner of 1853, The Hermit. This horse, not to be confounded
with the Newminster horse that won the Derby of 1867, was out of Jenny Lind by
Touchstone and also won the Royal Vase at Ascot, after which he was sold to
Australia. Look over the achievements of all the great stallions of the nineteenth
century and you will agree with me that the three great speed sires between 1820 and
1870 were Sultan, Partisan and Orlando, ranking in the order named. Give me Bird-
catcher, Touchstone, Melbourne, Sultan, Sweetmeat and Blacklock, and you can have
all the rest of the English Stud Book. Sultan is the only stallion in history to get
five winners of the Two Thousand Guineas, run over the Rowley Mile. Partisan got
just one great stayer in his whole stud career of seventeen seasons, the big and
beautiful Glaucus, who won the Ascot Cup at 2l/2 miles at 2 :3O P. M. and the Eclipse
Foot, 3 miles, at 4:15. He beat Rockingham and Samarcand in the former race and
Consol (afterwards imported to America) and two others in the latter. The Eclipse
Foot was an ink well made of the hoof of Eclipse, shod with gold and set upon a
neat golden salver. I have heard nothing of this trophy in many years.

ORLANDO bred more speed than any other son of Touchstone and his preeminence
as a sire — for he headed the list for three seasons against Newminster's two — was
almost entirely due to the short races won by his get, all of whom came to hand early.
Orlando got 4 winners of the July Stakes and 3 of the New Stakes, but none of
the Champagne Stakes at Doncaster, run at a full mile up to 1870. Touchstone is the
only horse to get 4 winners of the Champagne at the old distance, as against 3 each
for Whisker,' King Tom and Flying Dutchman ; and 2 each for Partisan, Sultan, Bay
Middleton and Stockwell. Orlando got but one real stayer, Teddington, a little polo
pony, that won the Derby and Doncaster Cup at three and defeated Stockwell in the
Emperor of Russia's Cup at Ascot, carrying 129 pounds to Stockwell's 126. All the
rest of Orlando's get were flashy, notably Fitz Roland and Fazzoletto, both winners
of the Two Thousand. Orlando got this great gift of speed from his dam Vulture who
was a marvel of speed and won at a mile with 136 pounds. Vulture was sadly deficient
in sire blood which accounts for the fact that Orlando never got a premier sire while
Newminster got three — Hermit for seven years and Lord Clifden and Adventurer for
one each. Lord Clifden's branch seems now to be the strongest of the three, that of
Adventurer having dropped away down and now in a fair way of extinction.

RATAPLAN, brother to Stockwell and a much better race horse, though inferior to
him as a sire, demands a few lines of space right here. He was quite as heavy aj
horse as Stockwell though not as tall and had such tremendous action that no 1 15-
pound boy could ride him. He ran third to West Australian and The Reiver (brother

46 The American Thoroughbred

to Hobbie Noble and Elthiron) in the St. Leger of 1853, which is the first of his
performances that I have been able to find; and in the following year with 117 pounds
up was third to West Australian and Kingston in the Ascot Gold Cup. Just one month
previous to that in the Manchester Trades Plate, a handicap, Rataplan carried 130
pounds and won cleverly. Old Tom Parr (the man who "discovered" Fisherman five
years later) declared that if the Ascot Cup could have been run with 130 pounds on
each, so he could have gotten a "live weight" boy to ride him, Rataplan would have
beaten the pair of them. Rataplan started in 71 races, of which 62 were above two
miles and he won 42 limes in all, not going to the stud until he was eight years old.
Query, did that not lead up, very materially, to the fact that he fell far below his
brother — and his half-brother, King Tom, as well, for that matter — as a begetter of
great performers?

KING TOM, by Harkaway out of Pocahontas, was deficient (through his sire, of
course) in sire blood and that is why I understand how his line has so suddenly grown
weak all over the world. But when both were alive, King Tom's fillies were not only
stouter than his sons but also stouter than the daughters of either Stockwell ort
Rataplan. King Cole (brother to King Lud) was sent to New Zealand where he got
Nelson, who raced till he was nine years old and won seventeen cups ; and got many
other good winners but no good sires. In this country, however, the sons of King
Tom were more successful, consisting of the following good, though not great sires :

PHAETON, out of Merry Sunshine by Storm, from a daughter of Falstaff (brother
to Phryne and Flatcatcher) from a sister to Pompey by Emilius, from Variation (Oaks
winner in 1834) by Bustard. Sire of Ten Broeck, Aramis, King Alfonso and King
Faro. King Alfonso was a true racehorse while Ten Broeck was merely a watch-
breaker and the worst exaggerated horse in American turf history.

KING ERNEST, out of Ernestine by Touchstone, from Lady Geraldine by The
Colonel. This horse was imported by the late David D. Withers and kept at Long
Branch as a private stallion, otherwise he might have gotten a great many more
winners than he did for he bred a great deal of class. His son King Eric (who died
comparatively young) got Prince Lief, Dick Welles and Ort Wells, three better per-
formers than generally come from one sire.

KING BAN, out of Atlantis (sent to New Zealand) by Thormanby, from Hurricane
by Wild Dayrell, from Midia by Scutari. This horse was the only King Tom horse
I ever heard of with bad legs but he had them, even if he did belong to my good
friend Barak G. Thomas, whom to know is to revere and love for all that is upright
and manly. King Ban got Bamburg that won the Louisville Cup and Ban Fox, a
great winner in the colors of James B. Haggin. He also got King Thomas, the only
American yearling that ever brought $38,000 at public vendue but, to borrow the
language of Mr. Kipyard Rudling, "that is another story."

GREAT TOM, a big and coarse chestnut out of Woodcraft by Voltigeur and there-
for'e a brother to the Derby winner, Kingcraft, was imported into Tennessee by
General W. H. Jackson of Belle Meade. He was barely second-class as a racehorse
although he won the St. James' Palace Stakes at three years old, for at five he ran
third in the Champion Stakes to Springfield who gave him a year and thirteen pounds.
But Jackson made no mistake in the importation of Great Tom for his mares were
all light-boned and Great Tom had timber enough under him for a cart-horse. He
got the dams of Proctor Knott and about fifty other great performers and while he
was a great broodmare sire, he also got some excellent performers, notably Mr. Chris
Smith's mare Maid Marian and Thackeray, the latter (now probably forgotten) beinj>
the only horse to beat the famous Miss Woodford at three years old. He did not
get so good a. performer as either King Alfonso or Ten Broeck but he was, through his
daughters, a much more useful horse in a general way than any other son of King
Tom brought to these United States of ours.

The Modern British Thoroughbred _/7

The general decadence of King Tom's male-line, for it is much stronger here
than in Europe or Australia ; and it is none too strong here, must be ascribed solely
to the lack of sire blood in Harkaway; and yet, Harkaway and Melbourne, both foaled
in 1834, had more crosses of the Godolphin Arabian than any other two stallions of
their day and generation. We all know that Melbourne was a great sire and made
the most vigorous outcross for the Touchstone mares of any stallion in all Europe
until the great Stockwell appeared on the scene. Within the past two years another
male-line descendent of King Tom has appeared in America and has gotten several
good performers, after having been sold for the meager price of $45. His name is
Free Knight and he is by Ten Broeck out of Belle Knight (dam of the great Freeland)
by Knighthood, a son of the Knight of St. George who won the St. Leger of 1854 at
odds of 12 to i. Free Knight is the sire of Elwood who won the Kentucky and Latonia
Derbys of the past season, together with several good horses in the selling plater
class.

The Herod horses from 1830 to 1870, were of very light timber in a general way.
Ion, a good and consistent horse, for he ran second in both the St. Leger and the
Derby of 1838, got Wild Dayrell, the Derby winner of 1835 and, by long odds the
handsomest horse of that era. Ion was barely out of the third class as a sire in his
day, but right now, he is to be found in the pedigrees of many first-dlass horses,
through St. Simon and Hermit, as well as through Buccaneer, a first-class sire ; Dan
Godfrey, a good son of the exiled Musket ; Favo, a good performer and equally good
sire ; Herald, winner of the Steward's Cup at Goodwood and eight other races ; and
Ocean Wave, Middlethorpe, Pepper and Salt, Petronel, Philamnon, Pirate Chief,
Timothy, Torpedo, Tristan, and the flying filly Shotover, the third filly, in one
hundred and two years, to win the'Derby. Wild Dayrell got but one sire of any real
merit — Buccaneer — sire of that great racehorse Kisber, who won the Derby and
Grand Prix of 1876; Formosa, the wonderful filly of 1868, who won the Oaks, One
Thousand Guineas, St. Leger, also dead-heating Moslem for the Two Thousand
and last but far from least, that good filly Brigantine who won the Oaks and Ascot
Cup of 1869, beating both Blue Gown and Formosa, the Derby and Oaks winner of
the previous year. Outside of Kisber, who is dealt with at greater length in the
Austro-Hungarian part of this work, Buccaneer got no very remarkable sires. Wild
Oats, by Wild Dayrell, got some fairly good horses in England and his son Gozo got
two winners of the great Melbourne Cup in Australia.

PYKRHUS THE FIRST, by Epirus out of Fortress by Defence, won the Derby of
1846 and ran third in the St. Leger to Sir Tatton Sykes. He is hardly recognized as a
great sire in England, yet he got one of the greatest three-year-old fillies in history.
She was called Virago and was out of Virginia by Rowton, from Pucelle by Muley,
from the Oaks winner Medora who was also the grand dam of Ion. Virago won
the One Thousand Guineas but went amiss and was "scratched" for the Oaks. But
for this she made amends by winning the City and Suburban and the Great Metropolitan
at Epsom, less than two hours apart, after which she went to Goodwood where she
won the cup with 101 pounds, Valeria, of her own age, being third with 79. Thence
she went to Doncaster where she annexed the cup with 102 pounds, beating the great
Kingston who carried 131, it being at weight-for-age. Pyrrhus the First got also
a horse called Panmure who raced in Ireland and was sold to go to China. The ship
was commanded by a Captain Snowden and the horse's name was changed to Snowden.
Two -"-ears later he was shipped to Australia where he got Suwarrow, winner of the
Victoria Derby and Canterbury Plate. He also got a very good sire calkd Swiveller
out of a Yattendon mare and Swiveller's get were great horses in long distances.
Epirus, the sire of Pyrrhus the First, was premier sire of England in 1850, being
just /43 in advance of Voltaire who got Voltigeur, the Derby and St. Leger winner

4.8 The American Thoroughbred

yl that year. Mr. Allison is palpably in error when he states that iryrrhus the First
was imported into America.

Great Herod horses began to be scarce about that time but in 1858 a tall and
ragged-looking three-year-old made his appearance and won the Queen's Vase at
Ascot, carrying off the Ascot Cups of the next two years and about two dozen Royal
Plates varying from two to three miles. His name was Fisherman and he belonged
to a Mr. Starkey, who afterwards sold him to old Tom Parr. Fisherman was by
Heron out of Mainbrace by Sheet Anchor (son of Lottery) from a mare by Bay Mid-
dleton, from Nitocris (sister to Memnon (St. Leger 1825) from Manuella (Oaks 1812)
from Mandane, the dam of Lottery aforesaid. Fisherman will be found at greater
length in the Australian chapter of this work.

PHRYNE, by Touchstone out of Decoy by Filho da Puta, was foaled in 1840 and
a full sister to Flatcatcher, who defeated Surplice in the Two Thousand of 1848 and ran
second to him in the Derby. Phryne belonged to the Marquis of Westminster, who
mated her four times with Pantaloon, producing Elthiron, The Reiver, The Hobbie
Noble and Windhound. Elthiron won the City and Suburban and was sold to France ;
The Reiver was second to West Australian in the St. Leger of 1853; The Hobbie
Noble was a good deal the best two-year-old of 1851 and was the all-winter favorite
for the Derby of 1852, won by the little Irish pony, Daniel O'Rourke, by Birdcatcher.
I have no performances of Windhound, but he was mated with Alice Hawthorn and
was undoubtedly the true sire of Thormanby, who won the Derby of 1860 in which
so much was expected of the American colt, Umpire, by Lecompte out of .dice Car-
neal, dam of Lexington. I say this because I was told that Melbourne (given as one
of the two sires of Thormanby) got no foals in that year from any of the mares
with which he had been mated singly.

THORMANBY was, beyond all cavil, the best horse that ever came from the male-
line of the beautiful Pantaloon, whom Admiral Rous styled "The First Gentleman of
Europe." Thormanby won five races off the reel at two years old, winning the Derby
at three, but was defeated by St. Alban's (a great horse with an unusually bad set of
legs for a son of Stockwell) in the Doncaster St. Leger. In the next year Thormanby
won the Ascot Cup at weight-for-age, the three-year-old Fairwater being second and
Parmesan third. A month later came the Goodwood Cup for which Thormanby was
favorite at 9 to 4. He carried 132 pounds, The Wizard (winner of the Two Thousand
and second to Thormanby in the Derby) 128, while Optimist, winner of the Ascot
Stakes, had 112, and Starke (who had won the Goodwood Stakes of the year before)
had only 122 and he six years old. A more severe race was never run at Goodwood,
Starke winning by a neck from The Wizard, with Optimist third and Thormanby last.
There was a good deal of crowing over this event in the American papers on account
of two American-bred horses running first and third, but over thirty years later, I
dined with Mr. Richard Ten Broeck as a guest of Hon. Harry Thornton, the Bayard
of the California turf. In the course of conversation, Col. Thornton was speaking of
Starke's victory when Mr. Ten Broeck replied :

"Well, sir, I have seen a good many races and I have seen a good many tired
horses after the races ; and Starke was the worst distressed horse I ever saw in my
life. Nothing but Fordham's wonderful riding saved him for the Wizard was giving
him two years and four pounds and for an instant it looked as if he had Starke
beaten."

Later on, somebody said something about Iroquois' Derby and St. Leger victories
and Mr. Ten Broeck said :

"There has never been a first-class American horse sent to England unless Mr.
Keene's Foxhall was one. If Iroquois had struck any such horses as Thormanby and
The Wizard, he might possibly have finished third but no better. I have not yet taught
myself to believe that Iroquois was any better horse than my Umpire, who was fourth

'The Modern British Thoroughbred ^g

in Thormanby's Derby. Umpire won eighteen races in England and Iroquois won nine
out of thirteen; and any man who will take the trouble to read up the race for the
Citv and Suburban of 1872, in which Umpire, a year older than Adventurer, gave
him just thirty pounds and was beaten barely a neck, will arrive at the conclusion that
if ever there was as good a horse as Foxhall sent from America to England, it was
Umpire and not Iroquois."

So you can see what Mr. Ten Broeck thought of Thormanby, who not only won
a Derby but confirmed it by winning the Ascot Cup a year later. He never got a Derby
nor a St. Leger winner but got two of the Two Thousand in Charibert and Atlantic
(the latter a great sire in France) and Hester, a winner of the One Thousand, she
being out of Tomyris, the grand dam of Prince Charlie. Mated with the latter horse,
Hester produced Prince Rudolph, imported into British Columbia and the heaviest-
boned horse that ever crossed the American Continent. (A letter dated at Victoria,
B. C, on the 29th of September, from Prince Rudolph's owner, tells me that the old
horse broke his leg on the Mallowmot Farm in July and had to be shot. More's the
pity.)

Thormanby and Buccaneer must therefore be put down as the only really good
Herod horses in the British stud between 1850 and 1890. Several male-line descend-
ants of the Flying Dutchman proved to be good sires in that period but they were all
located in France. One of them was Salvator, brother to Salvanos, a French horse
that won the Cesarewitch Handicap of 1872, being by Dollar (Goodwood Cup of 1864)
out of Sauvagine by Ion, from Cuckoo by Elis. He had three Herod crosses straight
on each side of him. Salvator is the only horse in history to win both the French
Derby and the Grand Prix de Paris ; and so much was he admired by English breed-
ers that several mares were sent across the Channel to him. One of these was Music
by Stockwell out of One Act by Annandale, she being the mare which beat Fandango
(by Barnton) a neck for the Chester Cup of 1856, carrying 76 pounds to his 123. From
this union of Salvator with Music came Ossian, who won the St. Leger of 1883, with
Chislehurst second and Highland Chief third. Ossian was sold to J. B. Ferguson, of
Lexington, Ky., but the steamer encountered very heavy weather on the passage over
and Ossian died of exhaustion before the voyage was completed.

I have mentioned "Old Tom" Parr several times as I went along in this work. He
was a peculiar and a clear-cut character being, like many good trainers I have known
in America, a man of next to no education at all. He was owner of such great cup horses
as Rataplan, Fisherman and Fandango, winning the Ascot, Stockbridge and Doncaster
Cups all in one season with the latter horse, all of which were discoveries of his save
the first named, which he purchased from the estate of Samuel Thelluson, deceased.
Mr. Parr also won the St. Leger with Saucebox, although Rifleman was clearly the
best horse in the race and would have won but for a vexatious delay at the post. Parr
had a mania for betting and, in spite of his enormous winnings, was always more or
less in debt to the "bookies." At last he became "a back number" and his friends fell
away from him. At the age of 79 he was committed to a workhouse in Staffordshire,
where he died at the age of 94. A few hours before his death he was telling some of
the other inmates about the Chester Cup race wherein One Act beat Fandango at his
enormous concession of weight ; and laughing as heartily as if the race had made him
a millionaire instead of starting him "over the hills to the poorhouse," for he never
recovered from the effects of that race.

Thormanby got but few good sires, Atlantic being the best. He was sent to France
while Glengarry, who won the Prince of Wales' Stakes at Ascot, was imported into
Tennessee, where he got some fairly good horses like Greenland, who won the Metro-
politan Handicap at Jerome Park when it was two miles. England seems to have been
singularly unlucky about selling great sires. She sold to the United States, Glencoe,
the best son of Sultan ; to France she sold Gladiator, who, as a stud horse, was worth

5<? The American Thoroughbred

all the other sons of Partisan in one lot; to Australia she sold Musket, the only son of
Toxophilite, that was worth the price of his halter, as a sire; to America she sold
Leamington, the only half-way decent sire that Faugh-a-Ballagh ever got; and to
Austro-Hungary she sold Buccaneer, who not only got those two great fillies, Formosa
and Brigantine, but also got Kisber, who won the Derby and was pronounced at least
seven pounds better than Petrarch, who won the Two Thousand" Guineas and St.
Leger at three years and the Ascot Cup at four.

Right here comes the proper place to devote space to what I believe to have been
the greatest sire the world has ever seen — Stockwell by The Baron out of Pocahontas
by Glencoe. He was bred by a Mr. Theobalds (pronounced "Tebbals") of Stockwell
and that is how he got his name. He was sold to the Marquis of Exeter, in whose
colors he won the Two Thousand and the St. Leger ; and would probably have won
the Derby but for the heavy rain and slippery track. Stockwell really was not much of
a racehorse or a littly pony like Teddington could not have beaten him at two-and-a-
half miles with weight-for-age, carrying 131 pounds to Stockwell's 126; and he never
on earth could have equaled the races won by his brother Rataplan, who, like Charles
XII. and Lanercost, was literally raced to death. But as a sire Stockwell has no
parallel for several reasons. I suppose people will say that St. Simon is a greater
one than Stockwell because he headed the list nine times to Stockwell's seven, but you
might as well say Hermit was as good as Stockwell because he also held the premier-
ship for seven years, whereas the get of Hermit, although racing prizes had increased
greatly since Stockwell's time, did not come within £60,000 of winning what Stock-
well's get had won. As for St. Simon, a cross of Stockwell — or of his brother, Rata-
plan— is to be found in nearly all the best St. Simon horses. I place Stockwell above
all other sires for the following wTell-defined reasons :

1. Because he is the only stallion to get six Leger winners, as against four
each for Sir Peter, Lord Clifden and St. Simon.

2. Because he is the only one to get all three placed horses in a Derby (1866),
to-wit : Lord Lyon first, Savernake second and Rustic third.

3. Because he is the only stallion to get all three placed horses in the Two
Thousand Guineas (1862), to-wit: The Mnrquis, Caterer and Knowsley.

4. Because he is the only stallion to get the winners, of over £61,000 in a single
season (1866) and that in a period when there was no such a thing as a £10,000 race
in England. St. Simon, in his best year, was over £1000 behind Stockwell's best year,
although racing prizes in England are now worth nearly four times what they were in
Stockwell's day.

5. Because he got three Derby winners to St. Simon's two. Of course St. Simon
leads him and all others in the way of Oaks winners, having 5 to 3 for Melbourne,
King Tom, Priam and Waxy. But that is because his fillies are stouter than his
colts. It is a matter of history that St. Simon h<*d two winners of the Oaks and three
of the ' One Thousand Guineas before he got one really first-class colt — Persimmon.

We imported several sons of Stockwell into this country, but only one of them —
the unlucky Glenlyon — was of the least actual benefit. Canwell, out of May Bell ;
Hillsborough, out of the Lanercost mare imported by Mr. Keene Richards ; and Stock-
dale, imported into Canada about the outbreak of the Civil War, were about as trashy
a lot as could well be imagined. The six sons of Stockwell that Australia got were
horses worth having, especially Ace of Clubs and Countryman, the latter being a full
brother to Rustic, who ran third to Lord Lyon in the Derby and defeated him in the
Grand Duke Michael Stakes. And as if nothing but bad luck was to be America's
portion in this matter of Stockwell horses, Glenlyon had to lie down and die at the
end of his first season. He was by Stockwell out of Glengowrie by Touchstone, out
of Glencairne (own sister to Glencoe) by Sultan. I never heard of a better-bred
horse than he.

'The Modern British Thoroughbred 57

RATAPLAN, Stockwell's younger brother, was a good sire though hardly a great
one. He got Kettledrum, who won the Derby and Doncaster Cup and lost the St»
Leger by 'nothing but careless riding. He also got The Miner out of Manganese by
Birdcatcher (paternal grandsire of Rataplan, mark you) from Loup Garou's dam; and
it was The Miner that beat Blair Athol in the Great Yorkshire Stakes. I have heard
men say the Great Yorkshire is not any great race, but it is run at the St. Leger
weights and distance ; and as it seldom has less than a dozen starters for it, you
may reasonably infer that the Great Yorkshire is a fair test of a horse's powers, be-
cause Stockwell and many other good horses are enrolled among its winners. Rata-
plan also got Elland, winner of the Queen's Vase and four other cups in one season ;
and he got the little Drummer, who ran third in the Derby and won the Great Metro-
politan in Pretender's year. The Drummer was sent to Australia and died at Mr.
Frank Reynolds' place on the Paterson river. Rataplan is one of the world's greatest
broodmare sires, however, and while his daughters have not dropped as many winners
as those of Stockwell and King Tom, they have undoubtedly given to the world a
stouter and more serviceable type of horses.

You will see a fine bit of in-breeding in the Australian horse King of the Ring,
by the Ace of Clubs, just above mentioned. King of the Ring's dam was Rose de
Florence by Flying Dutchman, from Boarding School Miss by Plenipotentiary, from
Marpessa by Muley ; and Marpessa was the great dam of Stockwell, the paternal
grandsire of King of the Ring. That's the kind of in-breeding that is most desirable,
for nothing could be bred further away from a horse than The Dutchman and Plenipo
were bred away from Stockwell ; and Ace of Clubs' dam was bred still further away
from all of them. Such in-breeding as that is always proper and should be tried
whenever it can be made practicable.

BLAIR ATHOL was by long odds the best son of Stockwell, being the only one to
head the list at all, which he did for four seasons. St. Alban's came next, having been
second for four years and third for two. He was one of the few Stockwell horses
that had bad forelegs for if any Eclipse horse approached Melbourne in the matter
of bone, it was Stockwell. St. Alban's was a great racehorse and won the Chester Cup,
Great Metropolitan and St. Leger at three years old. He was tried again at four but
broke down just before the Ascot meeting. St. Alban's got Springfield, the best
weight-for-age horse of his day and Springfield got Sanfoin and Watercress, the latter
being as good a sire as can be found in America today. Savernake was full brother
to St. Alban's and was second in both the Derby and St. Leger of 1866 to that lucky
horse, Lord Lyon ; and distance (who rode the latter horse in all his races, as well as
Thormanby and George Frederick) told me, in England, in 1901, that Savernake was
a slow horse to get away and that had he been one of the first four to leave the post
he must have beaten Lord Lyon, whom Custance did not consider so good a horse as
Thormanby or even his own sister, Achievement. Lord Lyon was never very prominent
as a sire, his best — by a long way — being Minting, who ran second to Ormonde in the
Two Thousand and afterwards won the Grand Prix de Paris in very hollow style.
Doncaster must rank as the third best horse of Stockwell's get for he won the Derby at
three, the Goodwood Cup and Alexander Plate at four and the Ascot Cup at five with
129 pounds. At seven years old Doncaster was sold to go to Hungary; and that
is where he begat that mare Ira that was imported into the United States by my life-
long friend, Simeon G. Reed, now deceased.

THUNDERBOLT was undoubtedly the fastest horse Stockwell ever got and no horse in
Europe could beat him at six or seven furlongs, with from 125 to 135 pounds on each.
He was out of Cordelia by Red Deer, from Emilia (imported to America by the late
A. Keene Richards and dam of imported Australian, the nearest thing to a "double-
liner" that we ever had) by Young Emilius, from Perisian by Whisker. Thunder-
bolt got Thunder and Tonans, both great performers. Thunder won the City and

$2 The American Thoroughbred

Suburban Handicap and Epsom with 130 pounds ; the Craven Stakes at Goodwood ; the
Queen's Vase at Ascot with 129 pounds ; arid the Craven Stakes at Epsom, six fur-
longs, with 152 pounds, and twenty other races of less general importance. Thun-
derbolt got Krakatoa, sold to France and he, in turn, was sold to Hungarian owners
who bred from him that speed-marvel, Dolma Baghtske, that defeated Matchbox in
the Grand Prix de Paris, at odds of 40 to I. This horse will be found at greater
length in the Austro-Hungarian portion of this book.

BREADALBANE, brother to Blair Athol, was a very inferior performer, but, as the
sire of The 111 Used, imported by the elder Belmont, he certainly is of interest to the
American breeders. He was foaled the property of Mr. William 1'Anson, who also
bred his dam and his brother ; and was, if anything, the more racy-cut colt of the two.
He won the Prince of Wales' Stakes at Ascot, an event in which the owner of the
mighty Gladiateur had neglected to enter him, but in the Derby, Two Thousand and,
St. Leger he ran unplaced, if at all. In the following year he started against the
ragged Parley-vous and the Oaks winner of the previous year, Regalia, later on the
dam of Verneuil, by Mortemer, the only horse to win the Ascot Cup, Queen's Gold
Vase and Alexandra Plate, all in one week. After being nursed so carefully in the
descent of the hill that he was over 400 yards behind when he struck the flat, the
greatest horse that France ever saw, came on with a cyclone rush and won by forty
lengths from Regalia who was ten more in front of Breadalbane. The latter colt, in
spite of his brotherhood to Blair Athol, could not have been much in favor with Brit-
ish breeders, as I only find him in the pedigrees of Friar's Balsam and Brilliant, a son
of John Davis, he by Voltigeur.

LORD LYON was, as I have said before, a very lucky horse, especially so to win the
"triple crown." His other performances were very mediocre, being beaten in the
Grand Duke Michael Stakes by Rustic, whose dam was Village Lass by Pyrrhus I. Lord
Lyon's two best sons were Minting, who ran second to Ormonde in the Two Thousand
and, being scratched for the Derby, went over to France and won the Grand Prix de
Paris in a field of nine starters, his price being even money. Lord Lyon also got
Touchet, a noted winner and a fairly good sire. One of his sisters, the lanky and
slab-sided Achievement, won every one of her two-year-old engagements, and the One
Thousand Guineas and St. Leger at three (running second to Hippia in the Oaks) and
won the Doncaster Cup at four in which she beat the great Hermit with ease and
Tynedale as well. Another sister to Lord Lyon was Chevisaunce, which was never
raced. Mated with Lord Clifden, she produced that flying filly Jannette, the pride of
Lord Falmouth's heart, for she won the Oaks and St. Leger at three and galloped over
a good field for the Jockey Club Cup at four, being second to Pilgrimage (afterwards
dam of Jeddah, the Derby winner and Canterbury Pilgrim, winner of the Oaks) in the
One Thousand Guineas and second to Isonomy in the Doncaster Cup with Glendale
third.

It is about time that I was saying something about the Oxford branch of Bird-
catcher's line. Oxford was foaled in 1855, his dam being Honey Dear by Plenipoten-
tiary, out of My Dear by Bay Middleton, from Miss Letty, -Oaks winner of 1837 and
dam of Weatherbit, by Priam. I have at hand no record of his races but he hap-
pened in luckily for his sire died when Oxford was four and The Baron, Birdcatcher's
best son, had already been sold to France. Now there were three other sons of Bird-
catcher, one the Derby winner Daniel O'Rouke; and the other two were Warlock and
Knight of St. George, both St. Leger winners, but about that time along came Mr. Rich-
ards of Kentucky and purchased the latter horse who had more of the blood of Sir
Hercules in him than any other horse of that era. Oxford has been described to me
as the best-boned and the best tempered horse that Birdcatcher ever got, for Saunterer
and Rory O'More were perfect devils. Therefore it is easy to see why Oxford should
have been selected as the breeders' favorite over these horses, more especially as

'The Modern British Thoroughbred 5j>

Womersly, whose dam had produced one winner each of the Oaks and St. Leger, had
been sold to France. The consequence was that Oxford got them a grand type of
horses with legs like marble pillars. Among them were Chandos and Wilberforce, both
sent to Australia ; and Sterling and Standard, full brothers, as well as Nuneham and
Plaiyfair ; the latter a winner of the Cambridgeshire, while Nuneham's fee was £50 in
1883, which is all I know about him. Standard got Hambledon, who was quite a fine
race horse and won the Doncaster Cup. As for Sterling, he needs mention at greater
length.

STERLING was bred in the Yardley Stud by Mr. Graham and raced indifferently at
three years, not having been trained at two. He was even a larger horse than his sire
and a rich brown in color. He won the Liverpool Cup and several other races at four,
but if he was good in victory, he was still grander in defeat. He had such a burst
of speed that he was deemed dangerous in a short race like the Cambridgeshire, even
at three years old so they stuck 123 pounds, with which he was beaten a neck by
Sabinus, a well-grown four-year-old carrying 119, so he was giving him 17 pounds by
the English scale. . He was five years old when he started again in the same race with
133, being beaten two heads by the French horse Montargis, six years, HI pounds, and
the three-year-old Walnut with 92. He won the Liverpool Autumn Cup and several
other good races, but destiny reserved for him the honor of becoming a great sire. He
got one winner of the Grand Prix de Paris, three of the Two Thousand Guineas, one
each of the Doncaster Cup and Cambridgeshire and three of the Ascot Gold Cup, be-
ing the only horse since Camel, foaled in 1822, to achieve that distinction. Several
sons of Sterling and one or two male-line grandsons have been imported to America,
the best being Topgallant, originally imported into Canada but redeemed from unde-
served obscurity by John B. Ewing, Esq., then a resident of Nashville, Tenn., but now
domiciled in the heart of the Blue Grass Region. The next best is Atheling, owned
by the Clyde Bros., of Philadelphia, sire of Short Hose and Bryn Mawr. Loyalist,
brother to Paradox, is as good as any of the rest. Sterling died without any appar-
ent symptoms of illness and so did his great son Isonomy, a few years later. I regard
Isonomy as one of the greatest performers, as well as sires, that ever lived. The mere
fact that Parole beat him in the Newmarket Handicap counts for nothing with me.
You can handicap Eclipse till a jackass can beat him and Parole was never a first-
class horse, one hour of his life. I know of instances in other years where leather-
flappers beat great horses. Passenger beat Fashion at four miles and so did Wilton
Brown defeat Boston ; Thackeray beat Miss Woodford ; Thad Stevens beat Joe Dan-
iels at the Ocean House, the worst robbing race ever run in America; and Congaree
beat Fanny Washington.

Isonomy's career in the stud proved him to have been a great sire for he is the
only horse in history whose get won over £42,000 in a single season without placing
him at the head of the winning sires. This was in 1893 when his son Isinglass won
-the "triple crown" and in that year the great St. Simon beat him just £37. Isonomy
is the only sire on record with two "triple crown" winners, Common, who won it in
1891, being the other. But neither Common nor Isinglass has as yet gotten a single
classic winner. Other sons of Isonomy have done better. Janissary, out of Jean-
nette by Lord Clifden, got Jeddah, the Derby winner of 1898; and Gallinule, out of
Moorhen by Hermit will be England's premier sire by at least £2000 majority at the
close of the current year. Gallinule got Wiidfowler, St. Leger of 1898, and Pretty
Polly, winner of the Oaks, One Thousand Guineas and St. Leger, besides eleven other
races of less import, without one single defeat. Pretty Polly is just as far ahead of
Sceptre as Sceptre was ahead of Crucifix or Crucifix ahead of anything else. Isonomy's
reputation does not rest alone on Common and Isinglass, for he also got that great
filly Sea Breeze, who won the Oaks and St. Leger of 1888, beating the Derby winner
of that year, Ayrshire, in the latter race; and Sea Breeze was one of only five mares

5-/ 'The American Thoroughbred

in fifty-four years to win the Coronation Stakes. at Ascot as well as the Oaks at Epsom,
her entire winnings for that season being £20,144. Isonomy was also the sire of Isling-
ton, full brother to Isinglass, who stood two seasons in California and got that great
handicap horse, Kinley Mack. The fact that Islington was allowed to leave California
for the want of patronage does not say much for the intelligence of the breeders
in this state. Mr. Haggin has Kinley Mack at his Elmendorf Stud in Kentucky and
could have gotten Islington at about one-half of what he paid for his distinguished
son. Bruce Lowe was here at the time and he "turned down" Islington, or Mr.
Simeon G. Reed would have bought him to replace Martenhurst, who had just died
here; and this, too, in the face that Islington was of the No. 3 family, tracing back to
the Byerly Turk mare that produced the two True Blues. The daughters of Isonomy
are breeding splendidly all over the world and the Oxford line of Birdcatcher is, for the
time being, ahead of all others by a broad margin. So far as importations of this line
into America are concerned, Topgallant was far-and-away the best son of Sterling ; and
Hermence, the only son of Isonomy worthy of any mention whatever, now that Isling-
ton has been sent back to England. If Hermence had gotten nothing but Hermis, that
alone should be enough to make him world-famous.

Galopin and St. Simon have occupied the center of the stage for fourteen years out
of the past seventeen, St. Simon being premier for nine years, Galopin for three and
Persimmon and St. Frusquin for one year each. Galopin is the only sire to head the
list at twenty-five years, as against twenty-four for Touchstone and twenty-three for
Melbourne ; and now at twenty-three St. Simon is second on the list with more money
to his credit than Galopin had in his last year of premiership ; and that, too, with at least
six weeks more before the season is finished. The most remarkable part of the whole
business is that St. Simon has not a single classic winner to his credit, this year, while
the large sum of money written opposite the name of Gallinule is almost exclusively
the earnings of his wonderful daughter, Pretty Polly. We had about the same condi-
tion of affairs in America in 1893 when Himyar led all other stallions by nearly _$8o,ooo,
and it was all due to the winnings of one colt, the big and beautiful Domino, who goes
down to history as the only American stallion to get a winner of the Oaks at Epsom.
Galopin's success was a very strong argument in favor of in-breeding, for his dam was
by Flying Dutchman, a No. 3 horse, out of a No. 3 mare, Merope, by Voltaire. Of
course, while the Dutchman and Merope each traced to the Byerly Turk mare that
produced the dam of the two True Blues, it must be borne in mind that all other
crosses were entirely dissimilar, as was also the case in the pedigree of Chester and
Sir Modred, cited by me in the Australian division of this volume.

Mr. Allison in 1901 gave me his belief that England was virtually at the end of
her tether, so far as breeding from Eclipse stallions is concerned. First it was
Touchstone on Whisker; next Stockwell (and Rataplan, his brother) on Touchstone;
then Newminster and Hermit on Stockwell; then Galopin and St. Simon on Hermit
and Lord Clifden, also by Newminster. The male-line of Catton, Muley and Emilius
now being wholly extinct, with that of Tramp so weak that it can barely stand alone,
there seems to be no other recourse open to British breeders but to go back to Herod's
line for sires. Matchenvs line in England has been their only outcross for the last
fifteen years, through Barcaldine, Kilwarlin, Morion and Winkfield; and in a list of
stallions registered in Mr. Joseph Osborne's book for 1896 I found only three Herod
horses out of a total of eighty-seven. That they are already in need of Herod stal-
lions in England, cannot be denied, but whence will they be shioped into the Land of
Jonbool ? I pause for a reply.

It will not be long before the answer comes, in my belief. They have good Herod
horses in France nobody can deny, but that they have anything as good as our Ham-
burg I shall most strenuously deny until positive proof shall have upset my assertions.
Nor do I believe there is anything much ahead of Handsel and Handspring. They may

'The Modern British Thoroughbred 55

have as good a horse there as Mr. Ferguson's old horse St. George that got Lucian
Appleby, Aladdin and Grey Friar, but I am not even so sure of that. You hear a
great deal about how much money certain French-bred horses win in a single year,
but vou never hear about what class of horses they beat. Of course, the French breed
a great many good horses but they have never sent but two to England that were
strictly first-class — Gladiateur and Verneuil — unless Holocauste, who broke his leg
while running ahead of Flying Fox in the Derby of 1899, was one; and that he was
the first horse around Tattenham Corner, there can be no reasonable doubt. My own
belief is that the French horses are about like the early Virginia horses that ran four-
mile heats outside eight minutes — just about fast enough to beat one another. Glad-
iateur or Isinglass, one or the other, was next to Ormonde amongst the triple winners
and I am not sure which, but the lanky Frenchman was whole town blocks ahead
of all such horses as Rock Sand, Lord Lyon and Diamond Jubilee and you might throw
in West Australian, too, for that matter. If the Ascot Cup of 1854 had been run at
the present scale of weights "the West" would have been third in the race. The
fact is that such French horses as Gladiateur, Vermouth, Mortemer, Boiard, Rayon
d'Or and Verneuil, just appear often enough to prove exceptions to the rule that Eng-
lish horses can beat French horses six days in every week. I say this in the face of
the stubborn fact that in the Grand Prix de Paris, Vermouth 'defeated Blair Athol
and Frontin beat St. Blaise. These beaten ones were both first-class as sires, but not
as race horses, for St. Blaise never won anything but the Derby that was worthy of
mention ; and as for Blair Athol he was beaten by The Miner (brother to Mineral, the
dam of Kisber and Wenlock) in the Great Yorkshire Stakes. Nor is there any reason-
able doubt that Blair Athol was scratched out of the Ascot Cup rather than meet Scot-
tish Chief and General Peel, both of whom he had already defeated in the Derby, even
after his owner had positive assurance that no representative of the all-aged division
would start in the race. St. Blaise and Blair Athol were great sires, beyond cavil, but
they were barely out of the third-class as performers. There are Derby winners and
Derby winners ; and the mere fact that a horse wins a Derby signifies nothing unless
he confirms his three-year-old winning by winning the Ascot or Doncaster Cup at
four or wins some other big race at three.

I have said comparatively little about Partisan and his descendants as yet and
here I am on the last half of this long, but I trust not wearisome, chapter. Partisan
was foaled in 1811 and was by Walton out of Parasol (dam of the Oaks winner Pas-
tille) by Pot-8-os, from Prunella (second darn of Whalebone and Whisker and third
dam of Glencoe). Nothing of any great note showed from him till he was sixteen
years old when his son, Mameluke, won the Derby and was robbed out of the St.
Leger through the rascality of the starter who kept the horses at the post (in the in-
terest of the Bookmakers, of course) an hour and twenty minutes till Mameluke fret-
ted himself into fiddle-strings and Matilda, a very inferior daughter of Comus, won
the race. Partisan got a lot of speedy horses, in fact, he ranks next to Sultan in that
respect, but nothing else classic came from him till Patron won the Two Thousand for
him in 1829. From that to 1836 seemed a far cry but his really best year was then,
for his daughter Cyprian beat Destiny (who had won the One Thousand) and Mar-
malade in the Oaks of that year, in a common canter ; and in the Derby his two sons
Gladiator and Venison ran second and third respectively to the unbeaten Bay Middle-
ton, which was as good as winning one-third of the Derbys that have been run. But
his best son was Glaucus, foaled in 1830, who won the Ascot Gold Cup at 3 o'clock and
the Eclipse Foot at 4. In the Ascot Cup Glaucus defeated Rockingham (winner of
the previous year's St. Leger) and Samarcand, by Blacklock, all three carrying 114
pounds or 12 oounds less than horses of that age now carry in that race or any other
weight-for-age event in England. Some very good horses came from this line, espe-
cially in France whither Gladiator was exiled at nine years of age, being far-and-away

56 The American Thoroughbred

the best stallion that has ever crossed the Channel up to the present writing. He
got Mdlle de Chantilly, the first French horse to win the City and Suburban Handi-
cap at Epsom; and, before leaving England, got Prizefighter, who won the Great York-
shire Stakes and started as second choice in the St. Leger, won by Nutwith, whose
starting price was 16 to I, Cotherstone being second and Prizefighter third. In France
he got Fitz Gladiator, sire of Compeigne, sire of Mortemer whom Admiral Rous de-
clared to be the only horse he ever saw that "was a race horse at any distance from six
furlongs to four miles." Mortemer won the Ascot Gold Cup of 1871 with 131 pounds
up, two and a half miles, defeating Bothwell, who had won the Two Thousand and
Kingcraft, who had won the Derby of the previous year. He trailed the two four-
year-olds for two miles and then made all the 'running of the last half mile. And in
the next year another French horse — Henry, by Monarque out of Miss Ion — accom-
plished the same feat, beating the Derby winner Favonius and Hannah, by King Tom,
who won both the Oaks and St. Leger of that year.

Gladiator got Sweetmeat also before leaving England. He was the property
of Harry Hill, a well-known betting commissioner for the nobility. Sweetmeat I
consider one of the six greatest factors in the modern British thoroughbred, the other
five being Birdcatcher, Touchstone, Blacklock, Sultan and Melbourne. He won the
Queen's Gold Vase at Ascot and the Doncaster Cup, after a terrific race with Alice
Hawthorne, the third horse, Pantasa, being beaten over seventy yards. Sweetmeat
got two Oaks winners in Mincemeat and Mincepie, two years apart. He also got that
honest little horse Macaroni, who won the Two Thousand, the Derby and the Don-
caster Cup, but paid forfeit in the St. Leger rather than risk a meeting with Lord Clif-
den (whom he had already twice defeated) over a flat course like the Town Moor.
Sweetmeat also got Parmesan, a brown horse out of Gruyere by Verulam, son of Lot-
tery. Parmesan was a rather plain looking horse himself, but his get had a great
deal of quality. He won the Queen's Vase and the Great Metropolitan Handicap at
Epsom. On his retirement to the stud he got Favonius, who won the Derby and th«>
Goodwood Cup ; and in the next year another of his sons,, Cremorne, won the Derby in
the most hollow style, after which he crossed the Channel and" defeated a field of nine
in the Grand Prix de Paris. At four Cremorne was by long odds the best horse in all
Europe at weight-for-age, winning the Ascot Cup with 126 pounds and the Alexandra
Plate, three miles, with 129. Cremorne was a failure at the stud but got that flying
filly Kermesse, the best two-year-old of her day. Cremorne also got St. George, im-
ported into Kentucky by the late James Ferguson of Lexington, Ky., and St. Georee is
the only son of Cremorne that was worth a ten-dollar piece as a sire. He got Gray
Friar, Lucien Appleby and Aladdin, all stake horses beyond any doubt. Favonius
got Favo, a good cup horse and sire of that great sprinter, Royal Flush, now located
at Sacramento ; and he 1'ikewise got Madam du Barry, winner of the Goodwood Cup
and many other good races. He also got Conveth, one of the only three Pocahontas
horses in America, but the British Colony about Riverside turned him down and he
never distinguished himself particularly although he got Formero, a two-year-old, for
which an offer' of $12,000 was refused, to my certain knowledge. Parmesan, sire of
Cremorne and Favonius, also got Fetterlock out of Silver Hair (dam of Silvio, the
Derby winner) but he was such an inferior horse that it seems idle to mention him at
all. Two of his daughters were imported into California, but just why, the Lord
only knows. The blood of Sweetmeat is considered great all over the world, for the
best all-aged horse and the best three-year-old filly in Australia — Abercorn and his
sister Spice — traced back to a Sweetmeat mare at the fourth generation, she being a
full sister to the Oaks winner Mincemeat.

Sweetmeat's best known son, Macaroni, was a great broodmare sire, but did not
figure extensively in the male-line. He got Macgregor, winner of the Two Thousand
with Normanby and Kingcraft behind him, the latter winning the Derby a few weeks

The Modern British Thoroughbred 57

later; and Macgregor got Brutus from Teardrop by Scottish Chief, going back to the
famous Phryne and Decoy family, a branch of No. 3. Outside of Mr. Haggin's im-
portations, no foreign-bred stallion has bred so well in California as has Brutus ; and
his success, moreover, was not based upon fashionably bred mares, like most of Mr.
Haggin's matrons, but on what we called "the old blood" of California, chiefly that of
Belmont (Henry Williamson's) who was the first thoroughbred stallion to cross the
plains on foot. Belmont got Langford (first called Vigilance) and he challenged all
America to come to California in 1860 and run four mile-heats for $10,000, the ac-
ceptor to be allowed $2,500 for expenses. The Doswells would probably have ac-
cepted in behalf of Planet, but deemed the stake too small for the risk to be incurred in
a twenty-five days' voyage from New York to San Francisco, as there were no trans-
continental railroads built until nine years later. Brutus' roll of honor is certainly
interesting reading, especially when you come to compare it with the American Stud
Book and see how he got good winners from mares that barely produced winners of
saddle horse purses to the cover of other stallions.

Brutus' immediate predecessor in the Elmwood Stud at Milpitas was an imported
horse called Hercules, brought to this country in 1861 by Shumway and Jenkins of
Mountain View, Santa Clara county, in this state. I rode him several times while
he was their property and he was certainly the fastest walker I ever threw my leg over.
After Mr. Shumway's death the big horse was sold by the Probate Court and Mr. Boots
got him for about $1.200, if I remember it all right. Mr. Williamson bid him up to
that figure for me (I was living in Red Bluff at the time) and when he let go, I think
Mr. Boots was the only other bidder. At all events, Mr. Boots got the horse and had
only owned him a few days when Hercules broke his leg while playing in a small pad-
dock. Dr. Jules Savidan, a French veterinary surgeon living in San Jose, was sent
for and discovered that the fracture could be set and the horse saved. So Hercules
lived to be about nineteen or twenty and got some good stock. Hercules was by
Kingston (Goodwood Cup of 1852 and Northumberland Plate of 1853) out of Daugh-
ter of Toscar by Bay Middleton, she being the maternal grand-dam of Gamos (by
Saunterer) who won the Oaks of 1870, in which she beat that great fillv Sunshine, by
Thormanby ; and Sunshine was, in a general way, worth a dozen such mares as Gamos,
for she it was who placed her sire at the top of the tree in the only year in which he
was premier stallion of England.

The decadence of these great Herod lines in England has been of longer duration
than in America for no Herod horse has won a Derby since Sir Bevys won it in 1879;
nor has any Herod horse won a St. Leger since Ossian defeated Chislehurst and High-
land Chief for that event in 1883. No such falling off characterized the Herod horses
in America for little black Virgil was premier in 1886, though with the smallest amount
opposite his name that was ever credited to any leader among sires. He got three
winners of the Kentucky Derby — Vagrant, Hindoo and Ben AH — a distinction achieved
by no other horse, living or dead. Virgil got Hindoo, who, while he never was pre-
mier, bred a great deal of class and got the beautiful Hanover who headed the pro-
cession for four seasons and was second to imported Albert in the next one, by a mar-
gin so narrow that it was hardly worth a line of mention. And so far from going
back again into what an emaciated citizen of Princeton, N. J., called "innocuous
desuetude," the male-line of Glencoe is now growing stronger than ever, for six sons
of Hanover are now very prominent as sires, Hamburg having already gotten two win-
ners and one second horse in the Futurity, while The Commoner, Handspring and
several others are the sires of animals of undeniable stake form.

It is an open question whether Glencoe was not the best horse that ever came from
the male-line of Herod. True, he was no such race horse as his unbeaten nephew,
Bay Middleton ; and with the latter's son, the dashing Dutchman, he would have been
indisputably overmatched. But review his racing record impartially and what do we

5$ The American Thoroughbred

find? That he won the Riddesworth Stakes, the Two Thousand Guineas and Good-
wood Cup at three ; the Ascot Gold Cup at four ; and walked over for The Whip (four
miles) at five. How many great race horses make such a showing for consistency as
that? Then take him as a sire in America and you find that he headed the list of
sires five seasons, was seven times second and three times third, being third in 1861,
four years after his death, having no two-year-olds and only two three-year-olds to
run for him. And another thing, no horse that ever defeated him for a premiership
of the American stud, ever held that distinction for more than one year. Glencoe
was quite as well entitled to be called "the immortal'' as was either Touchstone or
Stockwell. They talk about the renaissance of Blacklock's line in England, after years
of obscurity caused principally by calumny and persecution ; it is remarkable of course,
but not half as much so as that of Glencoe in America, for in 1860, you could hardly
give away a son of Glencoe for stud purposes, while his daughters commanded all
sorts of big prices for mating with the deservedly great Lexington.

The Matchem line in England, since 'the exportation of The Peer, Middlesex and
Tow ton to the antipodes, is now represented solely through the lines of West Australian
and Young Melbourne. The latter amounted to but little save as a broodmare sire,
but his daughters were unquestionably great producers. Young Melbourne got
Strafford, Pell Mell, Brother to Strafford, Rapid Rhone and Knight of the Garter,
but I don's know of his lines being perpetuated through any of these, save Pell Mell, who
got that great cup horse Carlton, who won the Chester, Manchester and Doncaster Cups
ail in the season of 1887, besides running third in the Cesarewitch in which he was giv-
ing twenty-four pounds for one year to the winner, Humewood. Carlton got that de-
termined finisher, Carlton Grange, now located in Kentucky as the property of that
ambitious young breeder, Mr. James E. Clay. As Matchem blood is somewhat scarce
in England, I cannot understand how they came to let so good a horse as Carlton
Grange get away from them, especially when we consider his close relationship to
Hawkstone and Prisoner in England ; and to that "gamest of the game" at the anti-
podes, Australian Peer, who beat Abercorn whenever the pace was hot from the fall of
the flag. Now we have another male-line of Melbourne in America, through imported
Darebin (pronounced as if spelt "Dah-ray-bin," with the accent on the second sylla-
ble; brought to this country by Mr. J. B. Haggin. The reader is referred to the Aus-
tralian chapter of this book for further particulars concerning this enormous, and
therefore legitimate, descendant of the mighty Humphrey Clinker.

Most all the Matchem blood now in England comes from the descendants of West
Australian, through Solon, who got Barcaldine and Arbitrator, the latter being a good
horse but in nowise the equal of the former. Arbitrator got Kilwarlin, who won the
St. Leger after being virtually left at the post. Barcaldine, on the other hand, was
a giant among giants. Following are some of his best performances, he winning
twelve races, mostly with heavy weights and without a single defeat:

1880. Won the Railway Stakes, National Produce Stakes, Paget Stakes and Beres-
ford Stakes.

1881. Won the Baldoyle Derby, Queen's Plate (2 miles) at the Curragh, Queen's
Plate (three miles) at Roscrea and next day walked over for another Royal Plate
at two and one-half miles.

1882. Barcaldine now "carried the war into Africa" by going over to England,
where he won the Westminster Plate at Kempton Park, conceding forty-one pounds to
Lucerne, who ran third, Tristan being second. He next won the Epsom Stakes at a
mile and a half, beating Witchcraft, Beauty, Picador and Retreat, giving the first
named thirty-nine pounds. He then won the Orange Cup, three miles, beating Faugh-
a-Ballagh (by Lord Gough) over sixty yards in a canter. He wound up that season
by starting as second choice in the Northumberland Plate at Newcastle with 136
pounds up, at a mile and a half, which he won by two lengths from the favorite

'The Modern British Thoroughbred 59

Shrewsbury, five years, 119 pounds; Havoc, four years, 97 pounds, and Bonaparte and
Victor Emmanuel unplaced.

In his first season he got Bartizan, Countess Thierry, Polynesia, Pippin, The Skip-
per and Winkfield, the latter being the sire of that wonderful handicap horse, Wink-
field's Pride. The next year he got Morion, winner of the Ascot Cup of 1891 ; in which
year his daughter Mimi (afterwards dam of St. Maclou) won the Oaks and One Thou-
sand; and in 1895 Sir Visto added to his crown by winning both the Derby and
St. Leger. Barcaldine was three times mated with the Oaks winner Geheimniss and
got three horses called Odd Fellow, Grand Master and Free Mason, all since imported
into America, the last two being in Canada and the former in Kentucky, where he is
owned by Mr. Christopher Chirm. I must say I was never worse disappointed than in
him for, on his breeding, he ought to overtop everything in that state.

Barcaldine was a very coarse horse, to judge by the only picture I ever saw of
him. It was a big oil painting, 8x5^2 feet* and hung in the rooms of A. J. C. in
Sydney. There was once a horse called Tom Crib, by Gladiator, imoorted to this coun-
try for the purpose of breeding high-class farm and coach horses, and said to bje
coarse enough for a bull, but if he was any coarser than Barcaldine, I am very much
astonished. Barcaldine was very much inbred, his fourth dam — the Hetman Platoff
mare out of Whim (Chanticleer's dam) by Drone — being also the third dam of his
sire, Solon, who got Arbitrator, above mentioned. That is, to my notion, closer im-
breeding than the examples of Chester and Sir Modred, given in the Australian chapter
of this work. The daughters of Barcaldine, both here and in England, have bred
well, with the solitary exception of Mr. Belmont's Kate Allen, whom I deemed the best
of all his importations, she being a full sister to that good horse, Bartizan. But Kate
was a disappointment and was sent to the auction block about two years ago. If she
is still alive, it is to be hoped she will be mated with a St. Simon horse if one can be
found that has a daughter of Hampton or Macaroni for his dam.

I have now progressed so far in this work that anything I say with reference to the
English horse must be confined to the last twenty-five years. The leading stallions
about 1880 were Galopin, Hampton and Springfield, just coming on, and Hermit and
Blair Athol, just beginning to fall into "the sere and yellow leaf." Hampton was
always belittled because his owner had bought him out of a selling race, while Spring-
field was generally overrated and Galopin received his du&-ineed of praise. Galopin
was a dark bay pony, certainly not over fifteen hands and an inch high and tracing to
the same tap-root as Stockwell and King Tom. His dam, Flying Duchess, by the air-
exploring Hollander, had previously produced a mare called Vex that won the Stew-
ards' Cup at Goodwood. The next dam was Merope (third dam of our imported
Eothen) by Voltaire out of the Juniper mare, foaled 1817, that produced Velocipede,
by many deemed the best son of Blacklock. Now there was a pedigree hot enough to
fry eggs with, and Galopin was clearly bred in sire-producing lines. Of his per-
formances it is only necessary to say that he never was beaten at weight-for-age and
never lost a race unless he was handicapped out of it. He won the Derby of 1875 in a
common canter from Claremont (brother to our imported Stonehenge) and the colt
by Macaroni-Repentance ; and in the fall of that year he was matched against the St.
Leger winner, Craig Millar, in a race "across the flat," whom he could not h'-ve beaten
worse if he had been anchored. Next spring came the £2,500 match against Lowlander
who was the fastest sprinter of that year. He was by Dalesman (brother to our im-
ported Camilla) out of Lufra (dam of our dear little Midlothian) by Windhound ; and
he had never been beaten at seven furlongs and only once at a mile, but Galopin "donkey
licked" him, as they say in the Australian colonies. At the stud, Galopin got Dono-
van, winner of the Derby and St. Leger ; Disreali and Galliard, winners of the Two
Thousand ; and two winners of the One Thousand.

But the greatest horse he ever got was St. Simon, who won ten races off the reel

6o

The American "Thoroughbred

without one defeat. He was struck out of all his yearling engagements through the
death of his breeder, Prince Casimir Batthyany, or he would have won beyond doubt
"the triple crown" which has been won by nine horses, of whom at least six were man-
ifestly his inferiors. As it was he won the Halnaker Stakes at Goodwood, the Maiden
Stakes at the same place, the Devonshire Nursery with 124 pounds, and the Prince of
Wales' Nursery Plate, in the last of which he carried 126 pounds and beat twenty
others, of which Belinda with 109 pounds had the highest weight. Next year he was
barred from the classics but he bagged the Epsom, Ascot and Goodwood Cups with
most ridiculous ease, beating the great Tristan and three others at Ascot and Chisle-
hurst at Goodwood. Frederick Archer said he had ridden four Derby and five St.
Leger winners and St. Simon was the best horse he ever rode. On his retirement
to the stud he got winners from the very bginning, among them that good horse St.
Serf and the flying filly Signorina, owned by the Italian Prince Ginistrelli. As a
sire of classic winners St. Simon goes down to history as the equal of Stockwell, be-
cause, while he got only four St. Leger winners to Stockwell's six he got five winners
each of the Oaks and One Thousand to Stockwell's one. The peculiarity of St. Simon,
as a sire is that he not only has headed the list of sires for nine seasons but headed it
in 1901 without a single classic winner to his credit ; and this year he is second to
Gallinule under like conditions and ahead of his own son St. Frusquin, who furnished
the Two Thousand and Derby winner, St. Amant. Moreover, he is the only stallion
since Newminster to get two premier sires, Persimmon in 1902 and St. Frusquin in
1903, while another of his sons, Florizel II, who got both the Derby and St. Leger
winners of that year, was second to him by a narrow margin in 1901. I saw several
of his sons while in England in 1901 and liked Florizel best of all. Persimmon re-
minded me very much of our pioneer California stallion, Williamson's Belmont, whom
Colonel Gift so aptly styled the "Godolphin of the Wilderness ;" and has on him a
hind leg that would be considered perfect by our more intelligent breeders of trotting
horses. St. Frusquin is a trifle coarse to my eye but he gets some great horses. The
following table shows what old St. Simon has done this year as the sire of winners,
together with the achievements of his several sons up to September I5th :

HORSE AND YEAR FOALED.

St. Simon 1881

St. Frusquin 1893

Florizel 1800

St. Serf 1887

St. Hilaire -

Tarporley 1890

Desmond 1891

SIRE AND DAM.

Galopin — St. Angela
St. Simon — Isabel
Simon — Perdit
Simon — Feronia
St. Simon — Dist.
St. Simon — Ruth
St. Simon — L'Abbess

St.
St.

NERS.
WIN-

la . . . . 9

RACES.
12

AMOUNT.
£16,365

8

II

15,286

i 18

28

12,327

a 12

2O

6,746

jhore .... 8

7

16
9

2,9l6
2,381

:ss de J.. 6

10

2,323

£58,344

This is $282,968 in American money, computing by the bank rate of $4.85 for each
pound, sovereign (or quid) of English money. Not a bad showing, especially when
the reader stops to consider that the old horse is over $5000 ahead of the best of all his
sons. His daughters are breeding well and throwing good winners to all sorts and
conditions of sires. Only one son of St. Simon — Dunure, out of Sunrise — has been
taken over to Austro-Hungary, but there were three sons of.Galopin's covering there in
1900. These were Guerrier, out of St. Kilda; and Ganache and Gaga, both out of
Red Hot. The latter is a great favorite with the breeders and his fee is $500 tfo
mares owned by foreigners and $400 to those owned by natives of Austria or Hungary.
He won th£ Derby at Vienna, a feat repeated in 1900 by his. son Arulo.

That most intelligent of American breeders, Mr. J. B. Haggin, has imported sev-
eral sons of St. Simon, Bassetlaw and Greenan being the most prominent. He has

I

V

>-.

The Modern British Thoroughbred 61

also imported several horses very closely related to St. Simon on the dam's side, Order,
the sire of Ornament, being the best of the bunch. Caesar Young, a bookmaker, who
was killed in a cab in New York last June, bought a horse called St. Avonicus, and
Mr. Edward Corrigan has one called Brantome, both sons of the great St. Simon. It
is most sincerely to be hoped that some one of the three just above named will do
better than the other sons of St. Simon that have preceded them.

HAMPTON, foaled 1872, was a horse that was always sneered at by the turf critics
of his day, as "the little selling plater," but he was a horse of good class for he won
the Goodwood Stakes, Goodwood and Doncaster Cups and Great Metropolitan Handi-
cap with 120 pounds in the saddle, which does not look much like a plater's perform-
ance. At the stud he got Merry Hampton, winner of the Derby ; Ayrshire and Ladas,
both winners of the Two Thousand and Derby and, for another singular coincidence,
both second in the St. Leger. Hampton was also sire of Reve d'Or who won the Oaks
and the Jockey Club Cup ; and Sheen, who was the best long-distance horse of his day,
winning the Cesarewitch with 129 pounds, in a field of 23, the third horse being a
four-year-old with 98. For a while it looked as if Sheen were going to be Hampton's
• best son at the stud; for no other horse of that line ever got three such as Scintillant,
(third in the St. Leger and a winner of the Cesarewitch) ; Batt, who was second
in Jeddah's Derby, and Labrador, who lapped out Persimmon in his St. Leger. But
in the last three or four years Ayrshire seems to have improved greatly with age, be-
ing the sire of Solitaire, Dunlop, Tarbolton and the Oaks winner Airs and Graces.
The first above named is owned in California and of his first offering of yearlings in
New York two sold for $5,000 each, an almost unprecedented figure for the get of a
stallion as yet wholly untried. Tarbolton, whom I saw in England and deemed every
inch a hero, was imported to America, but died shortly after landing. Sheen, poor old
chap, has become impotent, so they say, and he was sold at auction for £80 some months
ago for that reason.

SPRINGFIELD, by St. Alban's, out of Viridis by Marsyas, from Maid of Palmyra by
Pyrrhus the First (second dam of our own Kingfisher, by the way) was a horse that, I
hardly know how to place correctly. Not as a turf performer, however, for he was "a
holy terror" for years, campaigning successfully for three seasons, winning nine straight
races at three years old and five straight at four. He won three out of five at two
years old, being defeated by Kisber (who won the Derby of the following year) in the
Dewhurst Plate ; and in the Criterion Stakes b" Clanronald to whom he conceded six
pounds. His greatest performance was, however, in the Champion Stakes at New-
market, in which he carried 140 pounds, conceding twelve to Silvio, that year's winner
of both the Derby and St. Leger; and twenty-one to Great Tom, Thunderstorm and
Hesper, twenty-eight to Zuchero and thirty-one to Midlothian, the latter afterwards
imported to California. Springfield got Sanfoin, winner of the Derby of 1:890 and
subsequently sire of Rock Sand ; Watercress, winner of the Prince of Wales' Stakes at
Ascot, and third to La Fleche in the St. Leger; and Briar Root, winner of the One
Thousand, besides some dozen other big stake-winners and about sixty horses
in the "useful" class.

I say I do not know how to class Springfield as a breeding horse because Sanfoin
is his only half-way successful son in England and his prestige is confined almos-t
exclusively to the winnings of one horse, Rock Sand. In America, Springfield has
two sons that I know of— Watercress and Juvenal— the former of which I like very
much. Juvenal has gotten one or two good ones, including Chacornac, who won the
Futurity of 1900 and I saw him in a race in England afterwards. But I don't fancy
Juvenal for the reason that he is a Springfield horse and resembles Blair Athol more
than he does Springfield. When I buy a horse because his father was a great sire, I
want him to resemble his sire and not his maternal grandsire; ,\nd this, too, in face of
my belief that Blair Athol was, by long odds, the best son of Stockwell. Now let

62

The American 'Thoroughbred

us see what Springfield's get won after he once became thoroughly established in the
stud :

1882
1883
1884
1885

£8,371 1886

9?fio

7,589 1887

21 607

7 786 1888

10,418 1889

T O -5/fT

1800 .

. .17.228

1891 4.72.3

1892 9,170

1893 8,415

1894 9,972

1895 4,987

Total for 14 seasons £ 137,799

Springfield's best year was 1887, when he was third and the only time he was ever
better than fifth. In that year Hampton was first with £31,454 and Hermit second with
£25,733, Isonomy being fourth on the list with £18,294, the once great Rosicrucian being
twentieth with £5,145. His son, Watercress, has only had, if I am correctly informed,
about half a chance at Rancho del Paso; and there seems to be a sort of "hard luck
story" about him for he was a very hard horse to train and could not be gotten fit to .
race early in the season. I pin my faith to Watercress, once and for all, and if I can
get hold of him, Sir James Miller may keep Sanfoin.

ST. ALBAN'S, the sire of Springfield, had very bad legs (something unusual for
a son of Stockwell) and many breeders were afraid to patronize him on that account;
and while his full brother, Savernake, was not so bad in the cannon-bones as St>
Alban's, he was none too good, so he was sold to Hungary for a very low price. And
my idea is that many people were likewise afraid to mate their mares with Springfield,
lest he should breed back to his defective sire. If Stockwell, the heaviest boned
horse of his day, got two bad-legged horses like St. Alban's and Savernake, why
should not Springfield do the same? So I sometimes think Springfield was one of the
neglected sires of England. St. Alban's was third in 1867 with £17,601 to his credit,
as against £42,521 for Stockwell and £31,083 for Newminster in that year. I now
give the correct list of the premier stallions of Europe who have held that position
more than one year since 1850, together with amounts won in those years :

ORLANDO

1851 , £12,181

1854 ••• i6,974

1858 15,283

NEWMINSTER.

1859 £17,3.38

1863 22,465

STOCKWELL.

1860 £l8,20I

1861 24,029

1862 33,336

1864 28,708

1865 33,302

1866 61,391

1867 42,521

HERMIT.

1880

1881

1882
1883
1884
1885
1886

1852
1856

1870
1871

1853

1857

BIRDCATCHER.

KING TOM.

MELBOURNE.*

.£30,907
. 27,223

• 47,311

. 30.406

. 29,4l8

. 30,737

. 22,8l7

.£l7.I49
. 17,041

. £20,376

. 18,116

.£21,299
. 18,206

BLAIR ATHOL.

1872 £14,5.37

1873 18,362

1875 19,704

1877 28,830

GALOPIN.

1888 £30.211

1889 43,5l6

1898 21,699

ST. SIMON.

(Up to end of 1896.)

1890 £32,799

1891 26,890

1892 53,504

1894 42,092

1895 30,469

1896 59,734

'Melbourne was first in 1846, but I have not the figures.

I have not the figures for the later years, but St. Simon was ahead again in 1900
through "the triple crown" won by his son, Diamond Jubilee ; and again in 1901 with
a few pounds in excess of £60,000 without one single classical winner to his credit.

'The Modern British "Thoroughbred 63

In spite of all this, the interesting fact remains that St. Simon has never reached the
£61,391 mark set by Stockwell in 1866, although the cash value of racing prizes, since
St. Simon's get came on the turf, are twice what they were in Hermit's time and from
three to four times what they were in Stockwell's, for there were no £10,000 races like
the Eclipse Stakes or the Jubilee in the days when the big Exeter chestnut was mon-
arch of the British Stud. For all that, however, we must admire and approve old bt.
Simon for he is, this year, second on the list without a single classic winner, as In
1901, Gallinule being ahead of him solely through the victories of Pretty Polly. St.
Simon's son, St. Frusquin, is third on the list over £r,ioo behind his twenty-three-year-
old sire, Florizel II ,being sixth, St. Serf ninth and Persimmon tenth. Now to do St.
Simon justice, we must show, as in the case of Stockwell, wherein he differs from other
horses :

1. He is the only sire in history to get five winners of the Oaks as against three
for Sir Peter, Sorcerer, King Tom and Melbourne. No other horse ever got four,
Touchstone and Stockwell having each one to their credit, which shows clearly that
Oaks winners betoken a female-line horse. Touchstone got two premier sires and
his son Newminster got three. Stockwell got but one premier (Blair Athol), but he
was four times first on the list, twice second (to Adventurer and Lord Clifden), once
third and twice fifth. Doncaster was never better than third and that for only one
season.

2. St. Simon is the only stallion to get five winners of the One Thousand Guineas,
as against three for Stockwell and Emilius.

3. He is the only horse in history to head the list of sires without a classic win-
ner to his credit.

So impressed was I with the idea that St. Simon, being out of a King Tom mare,
was a female-line horse like his maternal grandsire, that when Mr. E. S. Gardner Jr.
wrote me from Paris in August, 1897, about buying a St. Simon horse, I wrote back
as follows : "Don't touch a St. Simon horse. He is a female-liner, like Melbourne,
King Tom and Sorcerer, none of whom ever got a premier stallion." Right on the
back of that old St. Simon "shifted the cut" on them and got Persimmon and St.
Frusquin, both of which have since been premiers, besides being the sire of Florizel
II, who got the Derby and St. Leger winners of 1901 — Volodyovski and Doricles — the
former being second to Doricles in the Leger. Yet I contend that up to the time I wrote
Mr. Gardner, my judgment was correct and fully warranted by "the inexorable logic of
events." For a horse that never was second on the list, Bend d'Or makes a mosrt
remarkable showing, whose get first appeared in 1884 with some £4,000 to their credit :

1885 £ 7,061 1891 12,843 1896 5*017

1886 22,803 1892 17,892 1897 6,104

1887 7,158 1893 6,711 1898 7,720

1888 22,635 1894 3,985 1899 4,322

1889 6,200 1895 13,014

1890 17,627 Total £161,092

There were several horses running by Bend d'Or when I was in England,
in 1901, but what races they won or what money, I do not know. The above amount
given is equal to $781,295 in American money. My belief is that though Kendal and
Orme are the only two stallions of Stockwell's male-line to head the list, since Blair
Athol ; and that Bend d'Or was never at the top in any year of his life, I must rank
Blair Athol as the best son of Stockwell and Bend dOr his next best descendant in
male-line. I write this after a mature study of the case, because Bend d'Or is
the sire of two premier stallions, Kendal in England in 1897 and Ben Strome in
America in 1903, besides being the sire of Ornus, a horse that sold for $200 at auction
and has already this year over $60,000 in purses and stakes to the credit of his son

64 The American Thoroughbred

Oiseau alone. Didn't you hear me remark, a while ago, that American breeding was a
good deal of a lottery? ' .-

We have been singularly unfortunate in the importation of sons of Stockwell into
America, Glenlyon being the only one of any real value ; and he died very young, hav-
ing made but one season. His dam, Glengowrite, was the second dam of that good
Australian stallion Wellington, winner of the Derby and Champion Race at three years
old. But in male-line grandsons and great grandsons we have done exceedingly well.
The following table shows what Stockwell's male-line descendants have done in
America this year, up to and including the 2ist day of September last:

Meddler, by St. Gatien — Busybody $194,225

Ben Strome, by Bend d'Or — Strathfleet 93,570

Goldfinch, by Ormonde — Thistle 85,031

Esher, by Claremont — Una 59,356

Golden Garter, by Bend d'Or — Sanda 59,1 1 1

Pirate of Penzance, by Prince Charlie — Plunder 51,271

Ornament, by Order — Victorine 47,424

$589,988

It goes without saying that the earnings of this batch of stallions will go over the
$600,000 mark, and perhaps as high as $700,000, by the close of the year, as there will
bi six weeks of racing at Los Angeles and Oakland (or Ingleside) before the end of
1904. The Touchstone horses have only done fairly well, Octagon having $66,230 to
his name, of which Beldame contributes $49,995 ; and Requital has $64,200, of which
$-7,825 came through English Lad and $26,335 through Mr. Madden's good colt Fly-
back. The male-line of Don John, long since extinct in the old country, is about the
strongest line in America outside of Stockwell's. Here is a sample of what it had won
up to and including September 2ist:

Ben Brush, by Bramble — Roseville $I52,330

Clifford, by Bramble— Duchess 41,585

$193,915

The line of Melbourne, through West Australian, shows up stronger in America
than in England, and witness the following figures for the same period :

•

Kingston by Spendthrift — Kapanga $ 78,095

Hastings by Spendthrift— Cinderella 76,885

Lamplighter by Spendthrift — Torchlight 5r,27i

$206,251

All the three above named are out of imported mares which reminds me to say
that Wildidle, a brother-in-blood to Spendthrift, was a magnificent looking horse, but
got no performers of any real merit, except from imported mares. Mr. Baldwin had
nothing but native mares at Santa Anita, and that is why, in my belief, his handsome
little horse Rutherford was such a signal failure. Rutherford was a full brother to
Spendthrift and beat Wildidle three times, so his failure is not to be ascribed to a
lack of courage, in any event.

The male line of Glencoe, extinct everywhere else on earth, has been very strong
in America in the past twenty years. Its representatives this year are :

Hamburg by Hanover — Lady Reel $ 98,440

The Commoner by Hanover — Margerine 45,838

$144,278

The Modern British Thoroughbred 65

There will be a change of the figures at the close of the season, but none, in my
belief, in the relative positions of the horses named, for Meddler is just as far ahead
of Ben Brush as Little Benny is ahead of Hamburg. Ben Strome has a bare living
chance to overhaul Hamburg, but it is not probable, as his best representative, High-
ball, is dead.

It is therefore plain that we have not only the male-line of Glencoe, extinct every-
where else in the wide earth, but that we have among Eclipse lines what England has
not had for over twenty years — a good line of Don John through lago and Bonnie
Scotland, the latter horse being the sire of the American filly Aranza that won several
big races in England. In addition to that we have that great Matchem line that
comes down to us through the sons of Spendthrift and Wildidle, but, of course, as
those horses did not trace to any mare included in the Bruce Lowe system, neither
Hastings, Kingston nor Lamplighter would be registered in the British Stud Book.
That was why Mr. Keene brought Spendthrift back from England and the American
public have good cause to thank him for it.

If you ask why there is no successful St. Simon horse in all America, my only
answer to that is we have yet to import one that is bred from a sire-producing line
of mares. True St. Andrew got Articulate, one of the greatest race horses ever foaled
in California, but just stop long enough to consider how that colt's dam was bred? By
Martini Henry, a son of Musket and his dam the dam of Goldsbrough, who was all of
ten pounds better than Sir Modred ; the next dam Uralla, sister to that great race horse
Carlyon, by Chester; and the next dam Moonstone by Blair Athol from Amethyst by
Touchstone, from Camphine by The Provost, a half-brother to Alice Hawthorne. And
where are the rest of your St. Andrews? Masetto got two good horses in Tommy
Atkins and Waring but Massetto has made thirteen seasons in the stud and certainly
ought to have more good horses than those. Simple Simon, who raced under the
name of Hunciecroft, was about fit to stand for a barrel of corn on the cob ; and as
for Simon Magus, who was out of the best mare in the bunch, he did well to get
burnt up.

The intelligent reader will therefore see that the Stockwell line is a long- way the
best of an-y line we now have in these United States of ours. Take the winnings of all
the St. Simon horses this year, through their progeny ; and the sum total would not
equal the winnings accredited to one Stockwell horse alone — Meddler. St. Simon is
a great horse, to be sure, but the* mere fact that he headed the list nine times to
Stockwell's seven proves nothing to me because in England they judge as we do, by
the amount of money won and not the number of races. Now, let us examine this
thing carefully and endeavor to judge the case without prejudice. St. Simon's best
season was in 1900 when he had £60,844 to his credit, with winners of the Derby, Oaks,
St. Leger, Two Thousand and One Thousand Guineas, all five of the classic events of
that year. Stockwell's best season was in 1866, when Lord Lyon won the Derby,
Two Thousand and St. Leger, and Tormentor, by King Tom, won the Oaks in that
year, while Repulse by Stockwell won the One Thousand. In th t year Stockwell's
winnings were £61,391 and Tormentor's Oaks must have been worth at least £3000 to
King Tom. As racing prizes, outside of the classics, which remain about the same,
are worth from three to four times what they were in Stockwell's day, I fail to see
where St. Simon has shown anything greater than cud Stockwell ; and three out of
every five of St. Simon's winners have a cross of Stockwell in them. Now then
comes the query on the Bruce Lowe principle. Is not the success of these St. Simon
performers from mares having a cross of Stockwell, owing largely to the fact that
both Galopin, sire of St. Simon, and Stockwell also, came from the No. 3 family, orig-
inating in the Byerly Turk mare which produced the two True Blues? Outside of
mares having a cross of Stockwell, where would St. Simon be under your money
test? What would he have amounted to under that test, without the aid of Per-

66 The American Thoroughbred

simmon, Florizel II and Diamond Jubilee, among Derby winners ; Mrs. Butterwick
and Amiable, both winners of the Oaks and One Thousand ; and Persimmon and Dia-
mond Jubilee among St. Leger winners. Carrying it still further the success of
his four great sons, Persimmon, St. Frusquin, Florizel II and St. Serf, and you find
Stockwell in every one of them. ' No other .sons of St. Simon have achieved any-
thing in the stud worthy of mention, while each of the four above named is the sire
of one or more classical winners. Now put that in your meerschaum and fumigate it.

ENGLAND'S BELGRAV1AN DAMES.

I do not think it would be right for me to close up this section of my book with-
out some reference to the mighty matrons that have contributed so signally to the
prestige of the English horse. People who read this work may ask why I devote
so much space to English horses, but my answer is that the American thoroughbred
horse is descended from the English horse of the same class, for two centuries of our
existence as a nation had elapsed before we purchased the first stallion or mare im-
ported from France or Australia. But as there can be no great stallion without a
great mother, I take the ten greatest mares of England that have any direct bear-
ing upon the American thoroughbred horse of today.

*fc PEWET, .B M, 1786.

This mare won the St. Leger in 1789 and was by Tandem (son of Syphon by
Squirt-daughter of Regulus-Snap mare) her dam Termagant by Tantrum (Cripple by
Godolphin-mare by the Hampton Court Childers) next dam by Regulus out of the
dam of Marske who was the sire of Eclipse. Pewet's produce I do not pretend to
give entire, but only such as affect modern breeding :

1802, SIR PAUL, a bay colt, by Sir Peter, the Derby winner of 1787, mated with
Evelina, a half-sister to Pewet, he got Paulowitz, the sire of Archibald, who won the
Two Thousand ; and also male-line ancestor of Wild Dayrell, the Derby winner of
1855, from whom come in direct line Buccaneer, See Saw, Kisber, Discord and other
good ones in England ; and Neckersgat, Dunlop, Gozo and Gaulus in the land of the
Kangaroo. ,

1804, PAULINA, winner of the St. Leger in 1807 and several other good races. Her
daughters, Galatea by Amadis (son of Don Quixote) and Soldiers' Joy by the Colonel
(St. Leger and dead heat for the Derby in 1828), have produced some good perform-
ers. Galatea produced Camp Follower, dam of Rifleman who lost the St. Leger of
1855 (won by Saucebox) through bad riding; and Soldiers' Joy is to be found in
many excellent modern pedigrees.

1812, CLINKERINA by Clinker (Sir Peter-Hyale by Phenomenon) whose great son
Humphrey Clinker was the sire of Melbourne that saved the male-line of Matchem
from total extinction; also the sire of Bran (twice second for the Ascot Cup), Thump,
Famine, Rush and others in Ireland. From Humphrey Clinker, in direct male-line,
is descended Spendthrift, greatest of all American sires since 1870 because he is the
only one to get two premier sires — Kingston and Hastings.

EVELINA B M, 1791.

By Highflyer out of Termagant (darn of Pewet, above) by Tantrum. Her only
notable produce were :

1799, ORVILLE, b c, by Beningbro' (St. Leger 1794) was a great race horse and
got Octavius and Emilius, winners of the Derby ; Ebor who won the St. Leger of

The Modern British Thoroughbred 67

1817, defeating Blacklock and others; Muley, the only stallion in history to get a
Derby winner at 26 years of age; Master Henry, winner of The Whip (four miles)
in i8iq and sire of that great broodmare Banter; Edmund, sire of Margaret, dam of
Ion and Eclat, dam of Little Red Rover ; Andrew, sire of Cadland who won the
Derby of 1828; and of Gadabout, whose daughter, Miss Pratt, produced Echidna, dam
of The Baron. Among other good matrons sired by Orville were Louisa, who pro-
duced Jerry, St. Leger 1824; Desdemona, dam of Mulatto, Doncaster Cup of 1827 and
sire of Bloomsbury; and two unnamed mares, respectively the dams of Heron (sire
of Fisherman) and Slane, who lacked £15 of being the premier sire of England in
1845 . Candidly, I have the most serious doubts if a better sire than Orville ever lived.

1804, ORVILLINA, by Beningbrough, produced Sandbeck, the sire of Redshank and
of Barbelle, dam of Flying Dutchman, who won the Derby and St. Leger of 1849 and
the Ascot Cup of 1850; and of Van Tromp, by Lanercost, winner of the St. Leger of
1847 and Emperor of Russia's Cup in 1849.

1806, CERVANTES, b c, by Don Quixote (sire of Sancho, St. Leger of 1804) got
Neva, Oaks and One Thousand of 1817; the dam of Rebecca who produce'd Alice Haw-
thorn, dam of Thormanby ; and the unnamed mare that produced Morpeth and Mel-
bourne, the latter being the sire of West Australian and Blink Bonny.

1813, PAULOWITZ,, b c, by Sir Paul. He got Archibald, winner of the Two Thou-
sand Guineas, and Cain. The latter got Ion, who ran second in both the Derby and
St. Leger of 1838; and Ion got Wild Davrell, Derby winner of 1855 and sire of
Buccaneer.

> PENELOPE, B M,, 1708.

Bred by the Duke of Grafton and got by Trumpator out of Prunella ' dam of
Waxy Pope, Derby of 1809) by Highflyer, from Promise by Snap-Julia by Blank-Spec-
tator's dam by Partner. She produced an unnamed filly that won one race.

Also i8o7,WHALEBONE, brc, by Waxy, won 20 races, including the Derby. Got
3 Derby winners and one each of the Oaks, Ascot Cup and Goodwood Cup. Sire of
252 winners of £81,263 and 38 Gold Cups. Died in 1831.

1808, WEB, b f, by Waxy. Produced Middleton (by Phantom), Derby winner
of 1825; Filagree, dam of Riddlesworth, 2000 guineas of 1^31 and dam of Cobweb,
Oaks of 1824, she being also the dam of Bay Middleton, Derby of 1836; and Trampo-
line, dam of the great Glencoe, who won the 2000 guineas and Goodwood Cup of 1834
and Ascot Cup of 1835.

1809, WOFUL, b c, by Waxy. Won^i2 races. Got Theodore, a St. Leger winner
and 2 winners of the Oaks. His get won a total of $33,589 and six cups. Sold to
Germany.

1811, WIRE, br f, by Waxy. Dam of Vat and Verulam, the former being ances-
tress of Blue Gown, Derby of 1868.

1812. WHISKER, b c, by Waxy, and the handsomest of all her produce. He won
the Derby 1815 and got The Colonel and Memnon, winners of the St. Leger. His get
won £55,140 and 10 gold cups.

1814, WATERLOO, b c, by Walton. Mr. Osborne says he won the St. Leger but
that is incorrect, for Reveller, by Comus, won it in that year. He won only three races
but got 37 winners of £11,754 atld s'x cups.

1819, WHIZGIG, by Rubens. Won the 1000 guineas and produced Oxygen, winner
of the Oaks in 1831.

1822, WALTZ, ch f, by Election (Derby of 1806), son of Gohanna. She produced
Morisco (by Muley) who is found in many good pedigrees. Penelope and all these
mares are in the Bruce Lowe system as Family No. i.

68 The American Thoroughbred

YOUNG GIANTESS, B M, 1790.

Bred by Sir Charles Bunbury, and got by Diomed (Derby of 1780 and afterwards
sent to America. Her produce was :

1796, SORCERER, bl c, by Trumpator. Won 16 races and got 180 winners of £82,108.

1798, ELEANOR, by Whiskey. Won 28 races including the Derby and Oaks. Dam
of Muley by Orville and Active by Partisan. See pedigree of Springbok, by imp;.
Australian.

T799> JULIA, br f, by Whiskey. Best two-year-old of her year. She won 15
races altogether including the July -Stakes at Newmarket. Produced Phantom, who
won the Derby of 1811 and got Middleton and Cedric, winners of the Derby.

1801, YOUNG WHISKEY, b c, by Whiskey. Never won. Sire of Erebus, winner
of 17 good races.

1802, LYDIA, br f, by Whiskey. Won 13 good races and produced The Corporal.
1807, CRESSIDA, by Whiskey. Won 5 races and produced Priam, winner of the

Derby in 1830, as well as of 2 Goodwood Cups, carrying 139 pounds in the last one.

It seems that with the solitary exception of Sorcerer, all of Young Giantess' colts
were failures on the turf, while her fillies were extremely successful. Sorcerer was
a great sire. He got Smolensko, Derby winner of 1813, who got the St. Leger win-
ner Jerry; Soothsayer, St. Leger of 1811 and sire of Tiresias, who beat Sultan in the
Derby of 1819 ; and Comus, foaled in 1809 who was by far the best of his get though
he won no classic races. He won 10 events, including the Claret Stakes at Newmarket
and got Reveller and Matilda, winners of the St. Leger. His get won, in all 222
races of a value of £54,892, as well as three cups. He got that big and homely horse
Humphrey Clinker who was the sire of the great Melbourne, but for whom the male-
line of Matchem would now be extinct.

MARPESSA, B M, 1830.

By Muley out of Clare by Marmion (son of Whiskey) from Harpalice by Go-
hanna. She produced:

1834, JEREMY DIDDLER, b c, by Jerry, sire of Sundeelah.

1837, POCAHONTAS, b f, by Glencoe.

1839, BOARDING SCHOOL Miss, ch f, by Plenipotentiary. She produced Rose de
Florence by the Flying Dutchman. Sent to Australia. Rose de Florence produced
five good winners and two good sires, Maribyrnong and King of the Ring. The former
got 4 winners of the Derby, and 6 of the St. Leger and 2 of the Oaks, all colonial of
course. King of the Ring got First King, who was, in 1876, probably the best horse
in the world at three miles.

3 POCAHONTAS, B. M. 1837.

Bred by Mr. Forth and got by Glencoe out of Marpessa above. She produced :

1843, CAMBAULES, by Camel, sire of Touchstone.

1848, INDIANA, br. f. by Muley Moloch. Sent to Ireland and started twice with-
out success.

1849, STOCKWELL, ch. c. by The Baron. Won the Two Thousand and St. Leger
at three and the Whip at five. Won 12 races in all out of 17 starts. Headed the
Sires' List 7 seasons.

The Modern British 'Thoroughbred 69

1850, RATAPLAN, ch. c. by The Baron. Ran 3rd in the St. Leger at 3 (won by
West Australian) and in the Ascot Cup at 4. Won 42 races out of 71 starts, includ-
ing the Manchester Cup (4 years, 130 Ibs.) and 25 Queen's Plates, from 2^/4 to 3 miles.

1851, KING TOM, b. c. by Harkaway, won 2 races and was second to Andover
in the Derby. Got i winner each of the Derby and St. Leger, 3 of the Oaks and 2
each of the One Thousand, Alexandra Plate and Cesarewitch.

1852, STROOD, ch. c. by Chatham. A very poor horse.

1854, AYACANORA, ch. f. by Birdcatcher. Won 2 races at 2 years. Produced
Talk of the Hill, by Wild Dayrell ; Chattanooga by Orlando, and Cachucha by Volti-
geur.

1855, THE KNIGHT OF KARS, by Nutwith (St. Leger 1843), son of Tomboy. He
won 2 races, including the Derby Free Handicap, and was called one of the hand-
somest horses of his day.

1858, KNIGHT OF ST. PATRICK, by Knight of -St. George (St. Leger of 1854 and
sold to America), he by Birdcatcher. This horse won four races, including the rich
Bentinck Memorial (3 miles) at Goodwood, and got Moslem, who won the Two
Thousand of 1868, after a dead heat with Formosa.

1859, AUTOMATON, by Ambrose, who beat Macaroni at 2 years old and died
that winter.

1860, AURICULA, by Ambrose, son of Touchstone. This mare won three races,
including the Newmarket St. Leger. She produced Blandford by The Duke and that
grandest looking horse of his day, Nuneham by Oxford.

1862, ARAUCARIA, b. f. by Ambrose (No. 16 family). She never raced, but pro-
duced Chamant, winner of the 2000 guineas in 1877 ; Apremont, brother to Chamant
and a popular sire in New Zealand, both of these being -by Mortemer; and Rayon
d'Or, by Flageolet (who defeated Doncaster twice), winner of the St. Leger of
1879 and imported into America by Hon. W. L. Scott. Died the property of August
Belmont, Esq., of New York.

Now here is a curious matter for me, though it may not be for my readers. Camel,
sire of Touchstone, and the Baron, sire of Stockwell and Rataplan, were both from
No. 24 family in Mr. Bruce Lowe's system, and the only two stallions in that family
that were worth a $100 bill. But it is a singular fact that Pocahontas' very worst
foal should have been by Camel and her two best by The Baron, one of them being
one of the greatest cup-winners that the world has ever seen, while the other was,
in my belief, the greatest sire that ever looked through a bridle. Had you owned
Pocahontas, as Mr. Theobald did, you would either have bred her to Touchstone or
to his sire Camel ; and as Touchstone had not then established his prowess as a sire,
it was very natural that Mr. Theobald should have selected his progenitor. Cambaules
was emasculated at three years old, having been found utterly worthless for racing
purposes, and is said to have ended his days between the shafts of a cab in London,
while others say he was a gentleman's hack in Nottinghamshire and a very nice horse
to ride.

MANDANE, CH. M. 1800.

By Pot-8-os-Young Camilla, produced :

1804, b. f. Scratch, by Whisky.

1805, b. c. Ernest by Buzzard.

1807, b. c. Flip by Whisky.

1808, b. f. by Trumpator.

1809, b. f. Manuella by Dick Andrews. Won the Oaks.

1810, ch. f. Altisidora by same. Won the St. Leger.

Jo The American Thoroughbred

1811, 1). f. Petueria by Orville.

1813, h. c. Capt. Candid by Cerberus. .

1816, ch. c. Procurant by Langton.

1819, b. f. Muta, by Tramp.

1820, br. c. Lottery, by Tramp. Won Doncaster Cup 1825.

1821, b. c. Brutandorf by Blacklock. Won Chester Cup 1826.

1822, b. f. unnamed by Whisker.

This foal of 1822 was the dam of Liverpool, who defeated the St. Leger winner
Chorister in the Gascoigne Stakes and subsequently became the sire of the great
Lanercost.

BEGGAR GIRL (BIGGOTINI), BR. F. 1815.

By Thunderbolt— Tramp's dam by Gohanna, from Fraxinella by Trenthan. pro-
duced :

1822, b. c. Bat by Oiseau.

1823, ch. c. Brass, by same.

1825, b. f. Bustle by Waxy Pope.

1826, b. f. Bittern by same.

1827, ch. f. Brine by same.
1829, b. f. Brandy Bet by Canteen.

This mare is ancestress of Russborough, who ran a dead heat for the St. Leger
of 1850 with Voltigeur, and is also ancestress of the famous Australian horses Melos
(by Goldsbrough) and Wallace (by Carbine), winners of the Victoria Derby and
Champion race of three miles.

LJL .

I ELLEN HORNE, B. M., 1844.

This mare, of so little note in her own day, is now famous as the ancestress of the
following noted winners, in female-tail line :

LORD LYON, b c., 1863, winner of the 2000 Guineas, Derby and St. Leger 1866. Sire
of Placida, winner of the Oaks ; and Minting, winner of the Grand Prix de Paris.

ACHIEVEMENT, winner of the 1000 Guineas and St. Leger of 1867.

JANNETTE, winner of the Oaks and St. Leger at 3 years and the Jockey Club
Cup at 4.

BEND OR, Derby winner of 1880, City and Suburban of 1881 and Epsom Cup of
1882. Sire of the great Ormonde.

LADAS, winner of the Derby and 2000 Guineas of 1894.

CHELANDRY (by Goldfinch, imported in California), winner of the 1000 Guineas
of 1896.

There is no mare in English stud history which, foaled since 1840, has made any
such showing as has Ellen Home, who is also ancestress of Blue Mantle, Man-at-Arms,
and Gardevisure, winner of the Cambridgeshire. Considering that she was by a third-
class sire, Ellen Home's prominence is something wonderful.

This brings me to the end of my English chapter, and 1 hope I have not offended
any of my British critics, for I have endeavored to write free from prejudice and
speak only of things as I have seen them in the fierce light of the history of a half-
century. I may have erred in judgment, but believe I shall at least be given credit
for honest intentions.

PART IV.

The American Thoroughbred

'The flag is lowered — they re off— they come I

The squadron is sweeping on!
There s a sway in the crowd — a murmuring

They're here — they're past — they're gone.
They came with the rush of the southern surf
On the bar of the storm-girt bay ;

) like muffled drums on the sounding turf,
'Their hoof-strokes echo away"

— GORDON.

BRA
or THE

1/NIV£R«I1
or

iiUfo*

The American Thoroughbred

It had been the custom, up to 1870, to regard no horse as thoroughbred, in the
United States, unless he could show at least seven well authenticated crosses of what
the French call "le pur sang," or the blood of horses tracing to some Arabian or other
Oriental stallion imported into England, where all of our earlier importations were
made prior to the Revolution, by citizens of the States of New York, Massachusetts
and Virginia, the planters of the "Old Dominion" being by far the most liberal in-
vestors in that direction. I append a list of many of the most valuable stallions im-
ported in the pre-Revolutionary period. The initials stand as "D" for Darley Arabian,
"B" for Byerly Turk, and "G" for the line of the Godolphin Arabian. The figures
denote date of importation (<about). ,

NAME. FOALED. LINE. SIRE DAM's^SLKZ*^^ REMARKS.

All Fours .1774 D All Fours Daughter of Blank (G) Imp, into Connecticut.

Americus .1759 G Babraham ....Creeping Molly by Second....

Antaeus . . 1768 Spectator Dam not given Stood in Virginia in

1771-

Aristotle . .1764 Cullen Arabian. Daughter of Old Crab

Babraham .1762 G Babraham .... Imp. Silver by Bellsize Arabian Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

. 1776 Wildair Daughter of Babraham Raced as "Sir Harry."

. 1768 C Babraham .... Daughter of Second. ...-:.....

.1771 C Bosphorus Daughter of Black & 2 Black. Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

. 1759 Bajazet Daughter of Old Crab

• 1773 Wildair Imported Cub Mare

. 1762 D Blaze Daughter of Gallant

Bay Bolton . . . Imp. Blossom by Sloe Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

Highflyer Daughter of Eclipse Traces to Daffodil.

Babraham
Babraham
Badger .
Bajazet .
Bashaw .
Batchelor

Bky Bolton

Bay Richmond.

1774

Bay Richmond.

1772

Black Prince . .
Beau, gr. 11.1748

Feather Matron by Cullen Arabian. . . . Imp. from Jamaica.

Raced in Ireland.

Cartouch Bretts mare by Greyhound. . .

Babraham Riot by Regulus

1767 G

Bolton ....1758 Shock Sister to Miss Partner

Bonnyface .1772 Regulus Colt . . Fern Mare by Hutton's Royal

Bosphorus .1767 Bosphorus .... Daughter of Tartar

Brunswick .1764 Oronooko ....Daughter of Babraham ....

Brutus . . . 1756 G Regulus Miss Layton by Partner

Bucephalus 1764 Locust Cade Mare — Partner Mare. .. . Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

Buff Coat .1748 GGodol. Arabian. Silverlocks by B. Galloway.... Died Va. 1757.
BulleRock 1718 D Darley Arabian Dam of Byerly Turk Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

Not in Eng. Stud Bk.
Believed a forgery.

The American Thoroughbred

NAME. LINE. SIRE DAM^S SIRE. REMARKS.

Cade 1756 Cade, by Godol. Silvertail .by Whiterose Stood at £3:.

Arabian ....

Carver .... 1774 Young Snap . . Daughter of Blank

Centinel ...1758 Blank Naylor m by Cade

VChilders . .1751 D Blaze Daughter of Fox Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

v Crab 1746 Crab Daughter of Counsellor Died Va. 1750.

Crawford . .1749 Cumberland Ar- Partner M — Snake M Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

abian

Creeper . . . 1772 G Tandem Harriet by Matchem

Creole . . . .17550 A.ncaster Starl- Dapple's Dam Raced as "Negro."

ing

* Cub 1748 Fox Daughter of Snake

Dabster .. .1735 Hobgoblin .... Daughter of Spanker Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

D(avid ....1763 Gower Stallion. Daughter of Fox Cub

Dormouse . 1759 Dormouse .... Diana by Whitefoot

Dotterel ..1761 Changeling . . . Wynn's Arabian Colt

Dove 1762 G Young Cade ..Daughter of Teazer Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

Eclipse . . . 1754 B rsrtner Bloody Bay Buttocks Called Harris Eclipse.

'Eclipse ...1774 Dtclipse (O'Kel- Amaryllis by Adolphus Imp- to Maryland.

ly's)

Eugenius ..1773 Chrysolite Daughter of Regulus

Follower . 1766 G Blank Daughter of Partner

^Fearnaught 1764 G Regulus Silvertail by Whitenose

Fellow .... 1763 G Cade Daughter of Goliah

^Flimnap . . 1771 South Daughter of Cygnet

Friar 1766 South Babraham Mare

Genius . . . 1759 G Babraham .... Aura by Stanford Turk

Gift. 1773 Cadormus Daughter of Second

Granby . . ..1764 G Blank Daughter of Crab

Hector .... 1745 G Lath Sister to Snip

Hero 1758 G Blank Dam of Gol. Arabian

Herod 1796 B Y. Herod Dam of Conductor Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

Hob or Nob.i754 Goliah Dam of Bold Galloway

Jack o'Diamonds Cullen Arabian Dam by Darley Arabian

1748

-Jolly Roger 1760 Roundhead ....Dam of Croft's Partner

Julius Caesar . . Young Cade . . Dam of Snip

1762 G

Junius ....1759 Starling Dam of Crab

Juniper . . . 1761 G Babraham .... Dam of Stamford Turk

Justice .... 1759 G Regulus Bolton's Sweepstake Probably correct.

Justice .... 1763 G Blank Aura by Stamford Turk

King Hiram 1764 Gory Hall .... Rockingham m — Yaries Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

Loth 1771 Shepherds Crab Crazy by Lath Raced as "Protector."

Lofty 1759 GGodolphin Ar- Spinster by Partner

abian

Lofty Snap Dam not given Died S. Carolina 1778

Lonsdale Jolly .Roger. .. Monkey m — Lou Arabian Date not given.

Lycurgus G Blank . Bowery Lass by Snip

Magnum Boni- Matchem . Swift m — Regulus m. . .

urn 1775 G

Mask 1764 G Y. Babraham .Old Cade mare Imp. to So. Carolina.

The American Thoroughbred 75

NAME. LINE SIRE . DAM'S SIRE REMARKS

Matchem ...... Bosphorus .... Villager in — Cullen Ar ........ Date not given.

North Star 1772 G Matchem ..... Oronooko mare ...............

Northumberland Bustard ...... Crab m — Babraham mare .....

Old England... .......................................... Ran at Phila. 1767.

Oronooko .1769 Crab ......... Miss S'lamerkin .............. Imp. at 24 years.

Oscar ..... 1766 Young Snip ..Morton's Arabian mare ....... Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

Othello ...1748 Crab ......... Miss Slamerkin ............. Raced as Black and

all Black.
Pacolet ....... Spark ........ Imp. Queen Mob .............. Date not given.

Pabor .... 1764 G Regulus ...... Daughter of Cade ............

Partner . . . 1766 B Partner ....... Sister to Starling ............

Partner ....... Moses ........ Godol. Arabian mare ........ Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

Pharaoh ..1761 B Croft's Partnei Godol. Arabian mare ........ An*jL»*.

Porto ..... 1771 B Herod ........ Snap, mare ................ (No ' taeiHgta given

from Snap mare.)
Prince ____ 1775 B Herod ........ Helen by Blank .............

Ranter ____ 1762 Dimple ....... Daughter of Crab ..........

Regulus ...1754 Regulus ....... Daughter of Partner ........

Republican ____ Deut. Ancaster. Daughter of Old Royal ...... Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

/Selim ..... 1768 BBajzet ........ Miss Thigh by Rib ..........

Shadow .. .i75Q G Babraham ..... Daughter of Starling ........

Shock ____ 1744 BJigg .......... Daughter of Partner ........

Silver Eye ..... Cullen Arabian. Daughter of Curwen Barb....

Sir Walter .... Marplot ...... Princess by Turk ............ (Spurious Pedigree.)

Skim ..... 1749 Starling ....... Miss Mayes .................

Skim ..... 1760 Cullen Arabian Not given ...................

Slip (or Slim) Babraham ..... Sadbury More ...............

........ 17/2 G

Slouch ____ 1752 G Cade ......... Little Hartley Mare ..........

Sloven .... 1768 Cub .......... Bolton Starling mare .......... Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

• Snap ..... 1766 D Snap .......... Vanesa by Regulus ...........

Snipe ..... 1768 Snap .......... Daughter of Blank ..... fr. . . .

Sober John 1748 Rib .......... Dam unknown ...............

Spark ........ D Aleppo ....... Bartlett's Childers mare ......

Sportsman 1764 Son of Blaze. .. Daughter of Gold Back .......

Starling ..1767 Old Starling ..Godol. Arabian mare .........

Starling . .1764 Young Starling. Godol. Arabian mare .........

Starling (gray) Young Starling. Godol. Arabian mare .........

........ 1764

Sweeper . .1758 Sloe .......... Dam of Mogul ............. Stood in S. Carolina.

Tarquin ..1728 Hampt. Court Leedes mare .............. .. Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

Arabian ...... Imp. by Col. Boyles,

Tom Jones 1755 Partner ...... Dam of True Blue .......... Va.

Traveler . .1756 ,1'raveler ...... Bartlett's Childers mare ...... Bro. to the one above.

Traveler . .1759 Partner ..... : . B. Bloody Buttocks .......... Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

Vampire . .1769 Regulus ....... Wildair's Dam ..............

Young Spot . . . Old Spot ...... Regulus mare ............... Not in Eng. Stud Bk.

With the foregoing list of ante-Revolutionary importations before you, it is easy
to see how forged pedigrees could be palmed off upon an unsuspecting public. Later
on, I shall show how horses of even greater reputation as performers were palmed
off as thoroughbreds, one of which was a great horse himself and the sire of the

American thoroughbred

greatest campaigner ever foaled in America. Several others will be dealt with in a
like manner, and no effort made towards screening any malefactors in this direction.
From the above may be gleaned the fact that we imported winners of the Derby,
of the St. Leger and of the Two Thousand Guineas, nearly all of whom turned out
worthless. Glencoe was worth the whole bunch, and Margrave was certainly worth
at least one-half of them. Trustee, who ran second to St. Giles in the Derby of 1832
and beat Margrave in the Claret Stakes of the year following, was worth all the
Derby winners ever imported, except St. Blaise ; and all the St. Leger winners, barring
Margrave and Don John, the latter of whom died before making a season. Look
over the list of importations into Australia and you will find that they never imported
a Derby winner at all, only one of the St. Leger and two winners of the Two Thousand
Guineas; and it is a grave doubt if we ever bred as good a horse as Grand Flaneur
or Carbine, to say nothing of the honest little Chester, who started in 41 races, won
19 and was only four times outside the money. My idea is that, in the importation
of winners of classic races, our English brethren contributed largely to our education
in metallurgy by handing us a good many large-sized gold bricks. Sir Harry was one
of these Derby winners, and I can only find him in the pedigree of Wild Dayrell
(Derby of 1855) and of Diamond Jubilee and Persimmon, nearly fifty years later. For
horses of the intervening generations of that line I would not give forty dollars apiece.
Then there were two full brothers, Archduke and Paris, both by the truly great Sir
Peter, both Derby winners and each about fit to stand the season for a barrel of corn —
and on the cob at that — while their full brother, Stamford, of no reputation as a
turf horse, was one of the greatest of broodmare sires up to 1820. Priam, who won
the Derby of 1830 and the Goodwood Cup of 1832 with 139 pounds, was a different
sort of animal, for he got three winners of the Oaks in his first four seasons (showing
conclusively that his daughters were of more account than his sons) a stud feat
equalled only a half-century later by the unrivalled St. Simon. He also got Dey of
Algiers, winner of the Chester Cup, and Illiona, who won the Cesarewitch. Imported
Monarch, whom he got from Delphine (almost a sister to The Colonel, St. Leger,
1828) before leaving England, was not to be included in his American progeny, all
of which were very badly knee-tied and very difficult to train on account of their
having big bodies and light legs. It took a half century of breeding to short-legged
and substantial horses like Boston, Lexington, Lecompte and their type of horses, to
eradicate the structural defects inflicted upon the American thoroughbred horse by
the importation of this self-same gallant, speedy but outrageously-built Priam. Come
out to California and I will show you his replica — the Emperor of Norfolk, the most
magnificent horse, above his hocks and knees, that a man could ask to see. Grand
Flaneur, in Australia, resembled him more than any horse I ever saw, but he had
good legs and a great pedigree, while the Emperor of Norfolk comes from a line of
mares that never had yet produced as good as a third-class sire. And he is the Priam
of America — the only horse that ever carried off all three of the annual fixed events,
for his age, at Chicago — the Derby, Sheridan and Drexel — and, probably, the only
horse that ever will. Take it home to your heart, student of these pages, and remember
what the Honorable James White, of Australia, told me sixteen years ago, "My Deal-
Sir, a breeder's path is full of thorns. We breed great race horses every year of our
lives, but we breed sires about three times a century."

Hence I am frank to say that the Australians who, prior to 1860, bred merely for
substance and bone, ignoring previous performances on the part of their imported
stallions, have bred wiser than we. Outside of St. Blaise and Diomed, our Derby
winners were absolutely worthless, while Margrave is about the only St. Leger winner
whose name can, today, be found in the tabulations of any distinguished American
performers. Glencoe, a Two Thousand Guineas winner and unable to reach better
than third place in the Derby (to Plenipo and Shillalagh) was worth all the Derby

T'he American thoroughbred 77

and St. Leger winners imported by us, if you will kindly throw out "the hammer-
headed Margrave" and St. Blaise, but you must remember likewise that Glencoe won
the Ascot Cup, to confirm his races of the previous year ; and that, at five years old,
he walked over for the "Whip" at four miles (a v/hip made from the tail of Eclipse), a
contest in which the world-famous Touchstone declined to become a participant.

All the foregoing importations were made prior to the Revolution, which put a
quietus on all breeding operations for the next ten years. About 1790, however,
matters began to revive and importations of mares, as well as stallions commenced
once more in earnest. The most valuable mare imported in that era was Castianira,
foaled in 1796 and bred by Mr. Popham, whose grandson, more than half a century
later, bred that big and beautiful Derby winner, Wild Dayrell. She was by Rocking-
ham, son of Highflyer, out of Tabitha by Trentham, from a daughter of Bosphorus,
from a sister to Grecian Princess by Forester. Her American produce was as
follows :

1803 bl c by imp. Mufti.

1805 b c Sir Archy by imp. Diomed (Derby 1780).

1806 b f Highland Mary by same.

1807 cb c Hephestion by imp. Buzzard (Woodpecker).

1808 b f Castania by imp. Archduke.

1809 sr f Virgo by imp. Sir. Peter Teazle.

1810 b f Noli-me-Tangere by Topgallant.

I should always have been disposed to give imported Diomed (notwithstanding
his seventeen years of failure in England) the credit for that great and prepotent sire
Sir Archy, had I never gone to Australia. But when I got over there and began to
study Australian pedigrees, I found "Tabitha by Trentham" hot and thick among
pioneer importations, long before people had begun to import stallions or mares from
England with any speculative motives in view. Hephestion by imp. Buzzard (who
got Selim, Castrel and Rubens before leaving England) was a fairly good horse
but nowhere near such a sire as Sir Archy. "Impar Congressus Achilli" as the
Roman had said on a previous occasion. I now give the stallions imported between
the close of the Revolution and the "late unpleasantness" which began in 1861.

The American Thoroughbred

SECOND EPOCH— 1783 to 1861

NAME. FOALED. LINE. SIRE.

vAd'mfiral 1779 H Florizel .

Admiral Nelson ..iSd^H John Bull

Ainderby (2) 1832 E .Velocipede

Albion ( 1 1 ) 1837 E Actaeon .

DAM

Diomed's

Olivia

Kate by Catton .
Panthea .

Alderman ......... 1787 E

Alexander ......... 1794 E

Ambassador ....... 1794 E

Ambassador ....... 1839 E

Pot-a-os ...... Lady Bolingbroke. .

Alexander ... Sweet Briar M
Emilius* ..... Trapes by Tramp. ,

Plenipotentiary Jenny Mills, imp..

Anfield ............ 1860 H The Confessor Eugenia

Antonio 1856 H

Arracan 1860 E

Archibald (3) ...... iSoiH

Atlantic 1836 E

Australian (n) . ..i8s8M

Autocrat 1822 H

Aysgarth (9) 1856 E

Balrownie ( 10) 1850 E

Barefoott 1820 E

Baronet 1785 E

Barksdale Colt I793H

Bedford (3) 1792 E

Belshazzar (11) ...i83oE

Blenkiron 1869 E

Bonnie Scot. (10) . . 1853 E

Bosquet 1855 M

Brahma (10) 1833 H

Brilliant (2) 1791 H

Bryan O'Lynn (5).. 1706 H

Burgundy (4) 1867 E

Buzzard 1787 H

Cannon 1789 E

Carlo 1795 H

Cetus 1827 E

Chance 1797 H

Chariot 1789 H

Clifton 1797 H

Clown 1785 H

Couer de Leon 1789 H

Comus ( Berner's) . . 1829 M
Consol 1828 E

Bay Middle-
ton*

Ambrose

Walnut

Actaeon

West Austin*t
Grand Duke .

Barnton

Annandale . . .
Tramp D ....
Vertumnus . ..
Highflyer ....
Dungannon . ..
Blacklock .

Sister to Aegis. . . .

Ava by Lanercost .

Javelin mare ,

Miss Craven

Emilia imp

Olivetta

Inheritor m

Queen Mary ,

Rosamond

Penultima ,

Eclipse mare

Fairy by Highfli. . .
Manuella* .

REMARKS

By Cain or Acta-
eon. Actaeon

given as sire.

Foaled after land-
ing.

Landed in Nova
Scotia.

Bro. to Andover*

Raced as "Milling-
ton."

Bartnon, bro. to
Voltigeur.

Sauterne G... Feodrowna ....

lago Queen Mary...

Game Boy.... Miss Betsy ....

Solyman Scrambler

Phenomenon. . Faith

Acton Le Sang mare. .

Claret Miss Jephson . . .

Woodpecker .(gflt±~iiS33«_
Dungannon . . Miss Spindleshanks. .

Balloon Sister to Peter Pindon

Whalebone . . . Lamia

Lurcher Recovery

Highflyer . . . Florizel mare

Abbe Thule . . Eustalia

Bourdeaux . .. Eclipse mare

Highflyer .... Dido by Eclipse

Comus Rotterdam

Lottery Cerberus mare

Ran 3rd in St. Le-
ger.

Said to have got
no foals.

Sire of Selim.

Sire of Miss Foote

The American ^Thoroughbred

79

NAME.

Consternation . .

FOALED. LINE. SIRE.

. . . 1841 M Confederate . .

DAM

Curiosity

Contract ....

. . .1823 E Catton

Helen

Cormorant

. . . 1787 H Woodpecker

Nettletop

Coronet

. . . 182=1, E Catton

Paymaster mare

Crawler

. . . I7Q2 H Highflyer . . .

Harriet .

Cruiser

. ..i8s2H Venison

Buccaneer's Dam

Cumberland

. . .1836 E Camel

Matilda

Cynthus

. . . I799H Acacia

Yarico

Daghee . . .

. . . 1829 E Mtiley

Sheik mare

Dancing Master .

. ..I788H Woodpecker .

Madcap

Dare Devil

. . .1787 H Magnet

Hebe . . .

Darlington

. .I787M Clothier

Highflyer mare

Derby

. . .1831 H Sir Peter Lely

Imp Urganda

De Bash

. ..I7Q2E King Fergus .

Highflyer mare

Diomed . . .

. ..I777H Florizel

Sister to Juno

Dion

. ..179=5 H Spadille

Faith ... .

Doncaster . . .

. . . 1834 E Longwaist . . .

Lady Erro

Don Quixote ....

. ..I784E Eclipse

Grecian Princess

.Dragon

. ..I788H Woodpecker .

Juno by Spectator

Driver

. . . 1806 M Driver

Dorimant mare

Druid

. .i78oE Pot-8-os

Maid of the Oaks

Dungannon

. ..1786 E Dungannon . .

Flirtilla

Kagle

. ..I7Q6E Volunteer ....

Highflyer mare

1827 E Whisker

Beeswing's Dam

Emu

. . . i832M Picton

Cuirass

Englishman

. ..i8i2E Eagle (imp.).

Sister to Timidity...

1833 E Memnon

Zarina

Escape

. .. 170,8 E Precipitate ...

Woodpecker mare. . .

Escape

. . .I784H Highflyer

Thistle

E*spersykes ....

. . .1837^ Belshazzar ...

Running Rein's Dam

179=5 E Pegasus

Active ...

Express

. ..I786M Postmaster

Svphon mare

Exton

. . . 1791 H Highflyer . . .

lo by Spectator

Felt

. . 1826 H Langar

Steam

Firebrand

. . . 1802 HL Buzzard

Fanny

F>ireCail . .

. . 17915 H Phenomenon .

Columbine

Flatterer

.i83iE Muley

Clare by Marmion

Flexible

. ..i822E Whalebone . ..

Themis

Fly-By Night . . .

. .i853H Fl'g Dutchm'n

The Flapper

\P"ox

. ..i832E Stumps

Fitz James mare

Frederick

. .1810 H Selim

Englishman's Dam

Fylde

. . . 1824 H Antoniot

Fadladinada

Ga briel

. .1790 H Dorimant ....

Highflyer mare

» Glencoe

. . .1831 H Sultan

Trampoline

Gouty

. . .1796 H Sir Peter ....

Yellow mare . . .

Ajreyhound

. ..I794M Sweetbriar ...

Miss Green

Hambleton ....

, . . 1791 E Dungannon

Snap mare

Hark Forward .

. ..i84oE Economist ...

Fanny Dawson

Hedereford

. .i82=;H Filho da Puta.

Miss Craisrie .

REMARKS

Not in Eng. S. B.
Won Derby 1780.
Bro. to Alexander

Bro. to Derby win-
ner.

Ran 3d in St. Le-
ger.

A good sire.

Won Chester Cup
1830.

Best imp. to date.
She won the Oaks.

Bro. to Harkaway
Bro. to Birming-
ham.

Hibiscus 18.34 H Sultan Duchess of York...

The American Thoroughbred

NAME. FOALED. LINE. SIRE.

DAM

REMARKS

• Highflyer

.I783H Highflyer

Angelica

Highlander

.I799M Paymaster ...

Harper's Herod mare

Highlander (Grey)

. I783H Bordeaux

Teetotum

Honest John

• I794H Sir Peter .,

Sister to Windlestone

Hooton

. 1840 H . Despot

Catton mare

Hugh Lupus

. 1836 E Priam*

Her Highness

Iota

. 1854 E Storm

Beta by Voltaire

Jack Andrews ....

.I794E Joe Andrews..

Highflyer mare

John Bull

• 1833 E Chat. Margaux

Woful mare

Not in Eng. S. B.

John Bull*

.I789H Fortitude

Xantippe

Sister to Alexan-

Jonah

.1795 H Escape

Lavender

der.

Jordan

• i833H Langar .-

Matilda"

Justice

.1782 H Justice

Miss Timms

Kilton

.i833H Figaro

Blacklock mare

King of Cymry . . .

.1847 E Touchstone . . .

Merganser

King William ....

.I782H Florizel

Milliner

Knowsley

.1796 H Sir Peter

Capella

Langford

. 1833 E Starch

Peri

Dam of Sir Her-

cules.

Lapdog*

. 1823 E Whalebone . . .

Spaniel's Dam

Produced 2 Derby

1

winners.

Lapidist

. 1849 E Touchstone . . .

lo by Taurus

Imp. into Canada.

Lawyer

.18^2 E Flatcatcher ...

Mrs. Wright

Brought to Cal.

Leopard

. 1842 E Liverpool

Sneaker by Camel . . .

j Leviathan

.1823 E Muley

Windle mare

loth best import.

^Lightning

. 1798 E Mambrino

Gimcrack mare

Liverpool Colt ....

.1838 E Liverpool

St. Patrick mare

Lochiel

.I8.S5H Sweetmeat ...

The Mitre

Ludford

.1832 E Wamba '

Idalia

Dam of Pantaloon

Lurcher

. 1832 M Grey Leg

Harpalice

3d dam of Stock-

Luzborough

.i82oH Ditto*

Dick Andrews mare.

well.

Magic

.I794E Volunteer

Marcella

Mag. Needle

.I788H Magnet

Sweetbriar mare

Manfred

. 1796 H Woodpecker .

Mercury mare

Mango

.i834E Emilius

Mustard

Very worthless

considering his

.

performances

•Margravet

. 1829 E Muley

Election mare

A truly great sire

Master Robert ....

.I783H Star

Y. Marske mare

Mendoza

. 1789 E Javelin

Paymaster mare

Mercer

. 1836 E Emilius*

Young Mouse

Merman

.i826E Whalebone ..,

Mermaid

Merryfield

.i8o8E Cockfighter . ..

Star mare

"^Messenger

.1781 E Mambrino

Turf mare

Founder of the

American trot-

ting horse.

Meux

. 1833 H Y. Phantom . .

Cerberus mare

Won Great Ebor

Mickey Fee

.1841 E Birdcatcher . .

Annie (Colly)

Handicap.

Monarch

.i834E E Priam* ...

Imp. Delphine

Won 9 races, nev-

er beaten.

Mordecai ,

1833 E Lottery

Welbeck mare

Morven

.i836E Rowton t

Nanine

Dam of Glaucus.

"The American 'Thoroughbred

81

NAME.

FOALED. LINE.

SIRE.

Mousetrap 1789 E

Mufti 1784 H

Nonplus 1824 E

North Star 1795 M

Oberon 1805 M

Obscurity 1778 E

O'Kelly 1794 H

Onus 1834 E

- Oscar 1795 E

Pantaloon 1778 H

Passaic 1836 M

Paymaster 1792 H

Pl]£nomenont 1780 H

Philip 1828 H

Phoenix I7Q§ H

Play or Pay 1791 H

Portland 1834 E

Precipitate 1787 E

Priam* 1827 E

Puzzle 1831 M

Restless 1789 H

Revenge I79* E

Richard 1818 E

Riddlesworth 1828 E

Robin Redbreast . . . 1796 H

Rhoderick Dhu 1807 H

Rodney 1790 H

Rudolph 1828 E

Roman 1815 E

Roscius 1841 H

Rowtont 1826 E

Royalist 1790 E

Saltram* 1780 E

l/Sarpedon 1828 E

Scout 1836 E

v/S'cythian 1851 E

Sea Gull 1787 H

Serab 1821 H

Shakespeare 1823 M

Shamrock 1836 H

Sharpcatcher 1859 E

Silver 1789 E

Sir Harry* 1795 H

Sir Peter Teazle ...1791 H
Sir Peter Teazle . . 1802 H
Sir P. Teazle (Young) H

1801

Sir Robert 1832 H

Sir Tatton 1856 E

Y. Marske. . . . Gentle Kitty

Fitz Herod . . . Infant mare

Catton Miss Garforth

Matchem Lass o' the Mill

Oberon Ranthos mare

Eclipse Careless mare

Anvil Eclipse mare

Camel Rubens mare

Saltram* ....Highflyer mare

Herod Nutcracker

Reveller Rachel, sist. to Moses

Paymaster . . . Otho mare .^.

Herod Frenzy^^-.

Filho da Putat Treasure

Dragon Portia

Ulysses Herod mare

Recovery Walton mare

Mercury Herod mare

Emilius* Cressida

Reveller Juniper mare

Phenomenon^ . Duchess of Le Sang.

Achilles Lively Lass

Orvillet Miss Sophia

A good sire.

Bro. to Leda and
Arachne.

Bro. to Gohanna.
Won Goodwood

Cup with 139 lb.

at 5 years.
Not in Eng. S. B.
Bro. to Master

Henry.

Emilius

Sir Peter

Sir Peter

Paymaster . . .
Der Freischutz.
Camillus

Gambol

Oiseau

Saltram* ....

Eclipse

Emilius

St. Nicholas . .
Orlando*

Woodpecker .

Phantom ....
Smolensko* . ..

St. Patrickt. ..
Flatcatcher . . .
Mercury

Sir Peter

Sir Peter

Sir Peter

Sir Peter .

Filagree

Wren by Woodpecker

Y. Marske mare

Nina

Frailty

Leon Forte

Negociator mare

Katherine . . ."77

Herod mare

Virago by Snap ....

Icaria

Mrs. Walker

Scythia

Middlesex

Jessy

Charming Molly ....

Delight imp

Daughter of Cowl . . .

Herod mare

Matron

Lucy

Vivaldi's dam

Alexander mare

Won Chester Cup
1854-

Imported in utero.

Sire of Haxall's
Moses.

Bobadil Fedalma

Dan O'Rourke Hampton mare

82

'The American Thoroughbred

NAME.

Skylark .

FOALED. LINE. SIRE.

. . . 1826 E Waxy Pope*

Slender 1780 H

Somersault 1858 E

Somon/ocodron 1830 E

Sorrow 1835 E

Sourcrout 1786 H

Sovereign 1836 E

Spadille 1785 H

Speculator 1795 H!

Spread Eagle* . ...ijgaE

Stafford 1833 E

Star 1785 H

Stirling 1791 E

Stone Plover 1850 E

Strap 1800 E

Stratford . .1834

St. George ...1789 H

St. Giles* 1829 E

St. Paul 1787 H

Tattersall 1837 H

Telegraph '. . . . 1795 H

Teneriffe 1832 E

The Tester 1853 M

Tickle Toby 1786 M

Toby 1786 H

Tom Breese 1835 H

Tom Crib 1847 H

youchstone 1794 M

Trafalgar 1796 H

Tranby 1826 E

\Traveler 1732 E

True Blue 1797 H

True Blue 1866 E

Truffle (Young) . .1824 M

•trustee 1829 E

Tup 1796 E

Valentine 1823 E

Valparaiso 1831 E

Venetian 1786 H

Victory 1825 H

Volney 1833 E

Warminster 1859 E

Waxey Pope E

Whale 1850 E

Whip 1794 E

William IV 1834 E

Wonder 1794 H

Wonder 1788 H

Wrangler 1794 H

Herod

Voltigeur

Brut andorf C

Defence

Highflyer . . .
Emilius*
Highflyer . . .

Dragon

Volunteer . . .

Memnont

Highflyer . . .
Volunteer . . .
Cotherstone .
Beninbrought
Shakespeare .
Highflyer ...

Tramp

Highflyer . . .

Saracen

Sir Peter . .
Conqueror
Melbourne . . .

Alfred

Highflyer . . .
St. Patrickt. .
Gladiator . . .
Matchem
Sky Rocket .
Blacklock . . ^

Eclipse

Walnut

Vedette

Truffle

Catton

Javelin

Magistrate . . .
Velocipede . ..

Doge

Waterloo
Velocipede . . .
Newminstert .
Waxy Pope* .
Whalebone* .
Saltram*
Tranby (imp.)
PheiTomenont.

Florizel

Diomed* .

DAM REMARKS

Musician' mare Won Corinthian

Stakes at York
with 168 Ibs. up
(1832).

Ruth Bro. to Highflyer.

Golconda

Traveler mare

Imported Tears

Jewel

Fleur de Lis

Flora

Sister to Sting

Highflyer mare

Piscator mare

Snap mare

Harriet

The Wryneck

Highflyer mare

Pheasant

Eclipse mare

Arcot Lass Dam of 2 Derby

Purity winners.

Minnow

Fame

Mulatto mare

Pickledust

Celia by Herod

Matchem mare

Maria

Jemima

Regulus mare

Miss Hebe

Miss Bowe's Dam...

Herod mare

K. Fergus mare

Amaranth

Helen

Emma Bro. to Mundig,

Flavia 1835

Miss Forester

Juliana

Helen

Adeline

Voltaire's Dam

Black Bess

Swordsman Mare.... Bred in Ireland

Rectory

Herod mare

Codicil

Diomed mare

Sacharisa

Fleacatcher .

'The American Thoroughbred 83

NAME FOALED LINE. SIRE. DAM REMARKS

Yorkshire 1796 L Jfupiter Madcap

Yorkshire 1834 E St. Nicholas . . Miss Rose

Young Barnton . . . .1854 E Barnton Envy by Perion Dam of Imp. Aus-

Young Fazzoletto . iS.syE Fazolletto ....Emilia imp tralian.

Young Flatcatcher . 1856 E Flatcatcher . . Miss Gilmour

Zinganee, A 1825 E Tramp D Folly

Zinganee Colt 1836 E Zinganee A. . . Theresa Paraza

* Won the Derby; t won the St. Leger; A won the Ascot Cup; C won the Chester Cup; D
won the Doncaster Cup; G won the Goodwood Cup.

THE THIRD EPOCH

From the Close of the Civil War to Date

The civil war virtually closed up all the breeding farms in Virginia and put a
pretty harsh crimp into those of Kentucky and Tennessee. But before peace had
been declared and while the war clouds still hung over the land, the first step was taken
in the direction of modern first-class racing by the Laclede Jockey Club of St. Louis,
the first racing association in America to diversify its programmes by giving races at
fractional distances, similar to those in England. It had long been well known to
our most sagacious turfmen that -there were plenty of horses that, in those days of
heats at three and four miles, could stay well up to two and a half miles but were
"out of it" at three miles ; or that could run fast up to a mile and a half but could
not win at two. The Laclede Club, therefore, gave three races each day, one for
$ 1,000, and the other two being stake events with from $3,000 to $5,000 added. It was
the most brilliant meeting held in America, outside of New Orleans, for the previous
fifty years ; and there it was that Norfolk, Asteroid, Ulverston, Bayflower and
Rhynodine earned their first laurels.

That summer, John Morrissey, ex-prize fighter and future Congressman, leased
an old trotting track at Saratoga, N. Y., that had been laid off in 1852 by William
Woodruff (a brother of the only Hiram) and converted it into a running track with
a lot of purse races, graduated on the following scale :

Mile heats $400 Four-mile heats $1000

Two-mile heats $600 Mile heats, 3 in 5 $500

Three-mile heats $800

In addition to these were two stake races of $100 each, half forfeit, with $600 added
for two-year-olds, at one mile ; and $800 for the three-year-old stake. The two-
year-old stake was won by Satinstone, by Lapidist, and the three-year-old event by
Captain Moore, by imported Balrownie, out of Jenny Rose by imported Glencoe. The
two-mile heats were won by the Canadian horse Thunder, by Lexington out of Blue
Bonnet ; the three-mile race by Rhynodine, by Wagner out of Ann Watson by Glencoe ;
and the four-miles by Jerome Edger (then re-christened John Davidson) by Star
Davis. It was evident that racing at the North was in a fair way of revival and
Morrisey gave out there would be an increase of purses and stakes in the following
year, as well as an augmentation of accommodations for visitors. It was at this
Saratoga meeting that auction pools were sold (by Dr. Underwood) for the firs!
time at the North, though they had been sold ten years previously at the Southern
tracks by the same intelligent gentleman. •

It was not known, however, until October, 1866, that racing at the North assumed
a tangible and permanent shape, through the opening of Jerome Park, situated on the
line of the Harlem railroad in Westchester County, New York, in what is now
called the "Department of the Bronx," from the little river of that name. It was a.
curiously, yet picturesquely, located piece of ground with a high bluff about the
middle of the back-stretch. This led to the construction of a mile track shaped like
the accompanying diagram :

X The bluff on which was situated a beautiful club house.

'The American Thoroughbred 85

This track was built as a private enterprise on the part of Leonard W. Jerome, a
wealthy stock broker of New York, and leased to the American Jockey Club, of
which that many-sided man,, the elder August Belmont, was president ; and Dr. John
B. Irving, of South Carolina, was secretary, but retired at the end of two seasons in
favor of Major Charles Dickinson, under whom I served as a copying clerk in the
legislature of 1855, at Sacramento, he being the Secretary of the- Senate.

If ever a man was fit to take up a decadent sport and place it upon a permanent
and secure footing, that man was the elder August Belmont ; and an acquaintance of
twelve years with his son, August, enables me to pronounce him "a chip of the old
block." If you wanted a leader in society, he was one, a strong believer in the money
power but, for all that, a sturdy stickler for the aristocracy of intellect. Did you
want a statesman who was not a chronic-office-seeker? Read Mr. Belmont's speech
of 1848 before the Peace Conference at the Hague. A financier, did you say? Re-
member that he came to New York, about one step above a confidential clerk in 1834
and died in 1889 worth twenty-four millions, all honestly-earned money with no
dirt sticking to it; and that our present foreign exchange system, in banking, is due
more to his splendid business ability than to that of any other dozen men in America,
living or dead. And as for the turf, he was the great High Priest. It is given to
but few men to shine in as many walks of life as he did. The reason of this is that,
under a very abrupt manner (at times), and a choleric temper superinduced by a
bullet wound in a duel in his earlier life, he hid a strongly sympathetic nature and a
helping hand at all times for "the under; dog in the fight/' As a more gifted writer
than myself said of him at the time of his death, "he was so intensely versatile that
nothing human was alien to the broad guage of his nature." Another friend of mine
said of him, "Belmont is a born Spartan, brave as a bull-dog and generous as the
town pump." Is it any wonder that, under the leadership and tutelage of such a man,
the American Jockey Club placed racing in these United States of ours on an equal
plane with the great sport in England and France The hour found the man.

On the dissolution of Jerome Park and its subdivision into residence property,
the sweepstake races were taken over and continued at Morris Park in 1892. Morris
Park will soon share the fate of Jerome Park and the scene will shift to the new
Belmont Park, which will cost two millions before it takes in a single dollar at its
gates. It is the work of the old Master Spirit's son, of course, but the few veterans
who, like myself, "lag superfluous on the stage" of life, will recall the sturdy little
old man with the fur-lined overcoat and the heavy cane, as they hear "the name to
be conjured with." Mr. Belmont imported the stallions, Glenelg and The 111 Used,
both great sires, whose daughters have been amongst our best producers ; thoroughbred
mares, mostly from the Rothschild and Blenkiron paddocks in England; and so many
in number that I have no space in which to enumerate them but am compelled to
refer the reader to the pages of the American Stud Book.

With racing fairly established at Jerome Park, there soon sprung up a rival racing
plant at Pimlico, in Maryland, the leader in which was the late Colonel Odin Bowie.
As permanent fixtures at that track I may mention the Bowie Stakes, at four miles,
won by that great horse, imported Glenelg, in 1869, beating Niagara, own sister to
the mighty Preakness, hero of the dead heat at Saratoga — the fastest race in America
up to that time, 1875, and the walk-over winner of the Brighton Cup in England in
the year that followed. Two other fixed events of that course were the Dixie and
Breckinridge Stakes, run four days apart, both at two miles but conditioned that the
winner of the Dixie should carry 5 Ibs. penalty in the Breckinridge. If my memory
is not surely at fault, the only horse to win both these events was the bay filly
Vandalite, by Vandal (who saved the male line of Glencoe from extinction) out of
Vesperlight by Childe Harold, son of Sovereign. Vandalite died the property of Mr.
James B. Haggin, at Sacramento, California, in 1898. The decadence of racing at

S6 The American Thoroughbred

Baltimore, for it ceased several years prior to Col. Bowie's, death, was largely owing
to that gentleman's insisting upon acting as presiding judge while owning contending
horses in the races at that place.

The Coney Island Jockey Club's plant was established in 1884 at Sheepshead Bay
and was inaugurated with the first running of the "Surburban Handicap," now worth
$20,000; and the Brooklyn Jockey Club, in 1887, opened a new track at Gravesend
with a race known as the "Brooklyn Handicap," won by Dry Monopole, with Blue
Wang second and Hidalgo third, in a heads-apart finish that is still referred to as the
greatest contest ever seen on that already classic ground. There are a large number
of valuable handicaps and sweepstakes run at both of these tracks, but it is only of
those at Sheepshead Bay that I now propose to speak, the Realization for three-year-
olds at one mile and five furlongs, run late in June ; and the Futurity Stakes for two-
year-olds, run at six furlongs, during the last week in August. The Realization was
inaugurated in 1887 and was won by Mr. J. B. Haggin's ch c' Salvator. by imported
Prince Charlie out of Salina by Lexington. Its value was $34,000 in that year, the
highest sum ever reached in that race, from which it has steadily declined till in 1902
(won by Major Dangerfield) its total was but $12,875 or about 30 per cent of its
original value. It has been won but once by an imported colt, The Friar, in 1897 ;
and imported Eothen (by Hampton) is the only stallion to get two winners of the
Realization, so far — Requital in 1896 and Ethelbert (Perry Belmont's colt) in 1899.

The Futurity was inaugurated in 1888 and won in that year by Proctor Knott
(son of Luke Blackburn) with Salvator second and a Missouri-bred colt called Galen
third. I did not see the race — nor any other Futurity, for that matter, being then on
duty at Melbourne as one of a Board of Commissioners from America to the
World's Fair commemorating the centennial of that antipodean city. The value of the
Futurity in that year was $40,900 but in 1890, when Potomac and Masher (both bred
by the elder Belmont) ran one-two for it, its value had risen to $67,775, gross value
of course. Since then it has steadily declined in value till, in 1899 when it was won
by Air. J. R. Keene's Chacornac, its gross value was but $30,630. I can only regard
this race as a national calamity for it has led up to the training of a lot of large and
growthy two-year-olds that have been knocked to pieces by the severe exercise to
which they were subjected. As a proof of what I say, let me show you that, in
fifteen renewals of the Realization, it has only been twice won by the Futurity winner
of the previous year— Potomac in 1891 and Requital in 1896. We had already too
much two-year-old racing before the Futurity was started up and it has only served
to intensify a deeply-rooted evil, with little or no prospect of its amelioration. Look
over this comparative table:

REALI- REALI-

FUTURITY. ZATION FUTURITY. 7ATION

Proctor Knott i o Requital i i

Salvator 2 i Ogden i o

Potomac i i L'Alouette i o

Strathmeath 3 3 Martimas I o

His Highness i o Chacornac i o

Tammany o i Ethelbert o i

Morello i o Pr. of Melbourne o i

Domino I o Parader o i

Dobbins 3 i Hamburg Belle i 2

Butterflies i o

Of course as long as it costs but $10 to nominate a mare in the Futurity with but

one subsequent payment before the yearlings are sold at auction, just so long will
extensive breeders like Mr. J. B. Haggin (who has nearly one thousand mares) and

a score of others who own from fiftv to one hundred matrons, to continue to nominate

'The American 'Thoroughbred 87

the produce of their mares in the Futurity ; and as a natural consequence, from 200 to
500 good two-year-olds a-r-e- annually knocked to pieces in a vain effort to bring them
to the post in the great Futurity. If men would only train small colts and fillies
for two-year-old events, like the Futurity, the Matron and the Saratoga special, say
youngsters of 15 hands high, there could be no great harm in such racing. But when
they take up a sixteen-hander in April and try to make him win these big events,
they chance the ruin of what might become a Henry of Narvarre, a Delhi or an
Irish Lad, all great winners at three. At the bottom of all this there can be nothing
but greed. I speak plainly on matters of this sort, as I do on nearly everything else.
I always endeavor to say a kind word where I can ; and surely, the right to applaud
carries with it the right to censure.

Legitimate racing in the middle West (except at St. Louis, -already referred to)
languished for a long time. Kentucky had become the cradle of the thoroughbred
horse immediately after the Civil War was ended and the prominence of the Old
Dominion, as a breeding ground was gone forever. In 1875 the Kentucky Derby and
Louisville cup were established, the former race being won four times by geldings
in its first seven years. Twenty years ago, the winner of a Kentucky Derby meant
something, when Hindoo, Fonso. Leonatus, Joe Cotton and Spokane carried it off,
but of late years it has been won by some very ordinary horses. And as for the
once great Louisville Cup, once emblazoned with the victories of Montana Regent,
John Davis and Lucky B, it has dropped out of sight, apparently forever. The trib
of Ikey Mo' doesn't want long races and, with the exception of the meetings held in
the Atlantic seaboard States, the trades are generally, if not wholly, run in the interest
of_the bookmakers, from whose "cut in" comes such a large revenue that, in many
Instances, the "gate money" is almost clear profit. In England, the bookmakers have
to protect tHemselvesF but in this country, and more especially at the winter tracks,
they too often obtain very marked consideration at the hands of the officials, jjjor my
part, I can only regard bookmaking as the curse of modern racing. It was the means
of closing up all the race-courses in New Jersey, thereby involving a clear loss of one
million dollars to the estate of the late David D. Withers who built the beautiful
Monmouth course at Long Branch. Other States are likely to follow in the wake of
New Jersey unless a radical step is made in the direction of reform, which is not likely.
The average bookmaker is a man whose motto is "After me the deluge."

The Washington Park course at Chicago, inaugurated in 1884 through the tireless
efforts of John E. Brewster. now ten years dead, demands something more than a
mere passing notice at the writer's hands. It was opened with several fixed events,
the most prominent being the American Derby and the Washington Park Cup. The
former is a mile and a half for three-year-olds, but with accrued penalties, which 1
do not think should exist in any Derby race, though it undoubtedly leads up to
larger fields of starters on account of maiden allowances. Such a race is not a Derby
but a Handicap. The Washington Park Cup was a weight-for-age race at two miles,
with no penalties, but was abolished at the end of six years, much to my regret. Had
they made it a handicap, it would have been the biggest drawing card of any race in
America, outside of the two big handicaps at Gravesend and Sheepshead Bay.

Following the opening of Jerome Park, came an opening for breeders. All fixed
events at that place we-re so conditioned as to close when the colt were yearlings
and this made the modern auction market, which removes the burden of training
from the shoulders of the breeders and places it upon the .sporting element. The
following are the more noted importations since that period:

88

'The American Thoroughbred

(From American Stud Book, Vol. I.)

NAME FOALED LINE. SIRE. • VAu'SSOHf REMARKS

Aysgarth 1856 E Barnton Inheritor mare Barnton is brother

to Voltigeur.
Billet 1865 E Voltigeur Calcutta

Blenkiron

Breadalbane colt ...i87oE

Buckden 1869 E

Cockahoop 1861 H

Cross the Sea 1870 H

Eclipse 1856 E

Fiat 1863 E

Glen Athol 1869 E

Glenelg 1866 E

Glen Nevis 1866 M

Haddington i86oE

Hampton Court 1864 M

Hartington C 1861 E

Heir at Law 1869 M

Hurrah 1862 E

Intruder 1871 E

King Amadeus 1871 E

King Ernest 1869 E

Lochiel 1856 H

Macaroon 1871 H

Marsyas colt 1870 E

Nena Sahib 1857 E

Phaeton 1865 E

Reveller 1867 M

Saunterer colt 1870 E

Stonehenge 1870 E

Strachino 1870 H

Thunderbolt colt... 1871 E

Warminster 1860 E

Y. Fazzoletto 1859 E

Y. Flatcatcher . . . 1860 E

Saunterer . . . . Feodrowna Died and got no

foals.

Breadalbane . . Ellermire Named "The 111

Used."

Lord Clifden. . Consequence Great sire of early

speed.

The Confessor Delia by Dick Died before land-
ing.

Ely A Beatrice No foals reported.

Orlando* Gaze Greatest speed sire.

The Judge. . . . Van Tromp mare. . . . Imp. into Canada.

Blair Athol*t. Greta Fairly good sire.

Citadel Imp. Babta Came as a yearling.

Oulston Q ...Volucris No foals reported.

King ofTrumps Announcement Imp. from China.

Y. Melbourne Durindana Sire of Explosion.

Voltigeur .... Countess Burlington. .

Warlabie Blue Belle Imp. into Canada.

Newminstert. . Jovial

Crater Lady Bountiful Died in California.

King ofTrumps Amethyst No foals reported.

King Tqm. . . . Ernestine Sire of King Eric.

Sweetmeat QD The Mitre

Macaroni* . . . Songstress

Marsyas Marchioness

Horn of Chase Birdcatcher mare. . . . Imp.into California

King Tom. . . . Merry Sunshine Sire of Ten Broeck

Prime Minister King Tom mare

Saunterer .... Tested No foals reported.

Blair Athol*t. Coimbra

Parmesan Q . May Bell Good brood mare

sire.

Thumlerbok. . . Killarney No foals reported.

Newminster . . Black Bess

Fazzoletto ....Emilia imp (See Australian.)

Flatcatcher . , . Miss Gilmour .

(From American Stud Book, Vol. III.)

Ashtead 1865 E

Athlete 1872 E

Bellenden 1868 E

Brigadier 1869 E

Cobham 1870 H

Earl Marshal 1871 E

Flodden 1868 H

Glengarry 1866 H

Heart of Oak 1866 H

Hyman 1866 H

King of Clubs 1866 E

Moccasin 1874 H

Vedette Cowl Mare Got Apollo, Ky.

Gladiateur*t. . . Rose of Kent Derby.

Bel Demonio . . Flora

Monarque G. . . Sweet Lucy Bred in France.

Macaroni* . . . Reginella No foals reported.

Lord Lyon* . . Bugle Note Imp. into Canada.

Thormanby* A Miss Ann (Dam of Scottish

Thormanby . . Carbine Chief.

Little Pippin. . La Medora Imp. into Canada.

Neville Matrimony Dam bred in

Ace of Clubs. Homily France.

Macaroni

Madam Strauss..

'The American Thoroughbred

89

FOALED. LINE.

SIRE.

REMARKS

Tomahawk . . . Lady Overton

Diophantus . . . Margery

Kettledrum*D. Repartee

Rosicrucian . .. Fenella

Man/jat-Arms. Volition Not in Eng. S. B.

GoortaJi *... . Makeless ••#

Art. Wellesley Saxony

Sou' Australian 1857 M West Austia*t Mountain Sylph

The Flying Horse.. 1862 H Wild Dayrell. Chord

Time i86g E Cambuscan . . . Jollity

Partisan 1869 H

Rapture 1869 E

Rejoinder 1864 E

Rossifer 1875 E

St. Leger 1872 H

Sambo 1858 E

Slap Bang 1864 M

(From American Stud Book, Vol. FV .)

Abana 1878 M

Bay Rum 1876 H

Blue Gown*A 1865 E

Blue Mantle 1860 H

Blythewood 1872 E

Cavour 1875 H

Chetwynd 1879 E

Constitution 1877 E

Conveth 1877 H

Dalnacardoch 1868 E

Elsham 1867 E

Fechter 1873 E

Glenlyon 1866 E

Great Tom 1873 E

Highlander 1868 E

Kantaka 1880 E

Kebbuck 1875 H

King Ban 1875 E

Kyrle Daly 1870 E

London 1879 E

Midlothian 1874 E

Mortemer A 1865 H

Muscovy ,i873E

Noah 1876 E

Offenbach ...i87gH

Pizarro ...i88oE

Pocatello 1880 E

Prince Charlie 1869 E

Rayon d'Ort 1876 E

Royalty 1878 E

Siddartha i88oE

Silverstream 1875 E

St. Leger 1881 E

St. Mungo 1866 E

The Romany King.. 1878 E

Tubal Cain 1878 E

Tympanum 1865 E

Syrian My Mary

Schiedam .... Queen Ann
Beadsman*

Bas Blue Died on the pass-
age.

Kingston G . . Paradigm Dam of LordLyon*

Adventurer Q. Bonny Belle

Macaroni .... La Favorita

Grey Palmer. . Little Dorrit

Restitution G. . Prinette

Favonius*G . . Cracovienne Died in California

Rataplan QD.. Mayonaise

Knowsley .... Violet

Bel Demonic . . Hilda

Stockwellt .... Glengowrie

King Tom .... Woodcraft Dam of Kingcraft,

Blair Athol Bistre Derby '70.

Scottish Ch'f A Seclusion Dam of Hermit*

Parmesan ....Paraffin „._. No foals reported

King Tom Atlantis A good sire

Artillery Colleen Rue Bred in Ireland.

Lowlander .... Bracelet

Strathconan . . Lufra Very valuable sire

Compeigne .. . Comtesse Bred in France and

The Drake. ... Lady of the Manor., .as good a per-

Playfair Light Wine former as ever

Balfe Salute imported

Adventurer . . . Milliner

Soucar Love Bird

Blair Athol. . . East. Princess Sire of Salvator

Flageolet G. . . Arancaria Bred in France

Kingcraft* ...Rose by Oulston....

Pero Gomezt. . The Pearl

Tynedale Lina

Doncaster*A. . . Schehallion

St. Alban'st... Crotchet Sire of Aloha

Blue Gown*A. Reine Sauvage

Vulcan Melody

Kettledrum*D. Gold Finch .

9°

The American 'thoroughbred

NAME FOALED LI«NE. SIRE.

Uhlan i86g E The Ranger .

Wolverton 1875 E The Miner.,

Woodlands 1872 H Nutbourne .

Y. Favonius 1878 H Favonius* . .

Young Prince 1870 E Knowsley . .

La Mechanic

Themis

Whiteface Bro. to Winterlake

Nutbrush in Australia

Queen of Spain

(From American Stud Book, Vol. V.)

Abingdon 1887 E

Aerolithe 1886 H

Aintree 1884 E

Armorer 1891 E

Arturo 1888 E

Atholstone .i88qE

Bannoralum i8gi E

Bassetlaw 1890 E

Bathampton 1891 E

Wenlock Lady Langden

Nougat Astree

Sefton* Electric

Galliard Sister Edith .

Petrarcht .... Bella Agnes .
Hawkstone ...Athol Lass ...

Beau Brummel Queen

St. Simon AG Marquesa ....
Hampton DG. The Bat

Dam of Hampton
Bred in France

Hawkstone was bro.
to Lonelv, Oaks

Ben S'trome . ..i886E Bend d'Or Strathfleet

Albert 1882 E

Ardent 1885 E

Barbados 1880 E

Charaxus 1876 E

Dandie Dimont .... 1882 E
Darebin 1878 M

Deceiver 1880 E

Discount 1885 H

Double Duke 1883 E

Eothen 1883 E

Eric 1876 E

Exploit 1883 E

Escher 1883 E

Floridon 1882 E

Friar Tuck 1872 E

Gen. Gordon 1882 E

Glyndon 1882 E

Harold 1882 E

Hirsch 1874 E

Hopeful 1881 E

Horizon 1877 E

Kildare II 1884 H

Kingcraft* 1867 E

King's Mill 1878 E

Kingston 1882 E

Librarian 1885 E

Mariner 1881 H

Mr. Pickwick 1878 E

Newcourt . .

Albert Victor. Lady Hawthorn

Zealot Forest Queen

Tangible Bell Breadalbane.. . .

Distin Sappho

Siliro Meg Merrilies

The Peer . . . Lurline .

Wenlockt

Discord

The Duke G. .
Hampton GD.
Pretenden* . .
Exminster . . .
Claremont
Coeruleus

Hermit

Gen. Roberts. .
Rosicrucian . .
Reverberation.
Savernake

Uncas

Landmark

Kilmore

King Tom . . .
King Tom . . .
Hampton
Bookworm . . .
Wild Oats .

Boot and Saddle. . . .

Ortyx

Double

Sultana ,

Belle Heather

Zenobia ,

Una by Dusk

Florry

Romping Girl

Forest Queen

Umbria

Lady Blanche

Helena

Fajrweather

Saccharometer mare

Chatterbox

Woodcraft

Syncope

Last Love

Lady Henrietta
Miss Emma .

Raced as "Bats-
man'' in U. S. A.

He was premier
sire in 1903.

Premier in 1899

Won Sydney Cup

1882 with 134 Ibs

Raced as Padlock

Only horse to get
2 winners of Re-
alization.

A great sire.

Died in California

Hermit* Tomato

The Miser. . . . Princess Charles

Bro. to Great Tom

Raced in Australia

as "Oatcake"
A truly great sire.

The American Thoroughbred

NAME. FOALED.

Oakland* 1884 E

Oakley 1884 E

Osprey 1887 H

Pirate of Penzante. .1882 E

Preceptor 1864 E

Redskin 1882 E

Richmond 1881 H

Rossifer 1875 E

Rossington 1881 E

Rotherhill 1872 E

Sagittarius 1880 E

St. Blaise* 1880 E

Silver Mine 1881 E

Sir Modred 1877 H

Sir Robert 1879 E

Speculator 1873 E

Stalwart 188? E

Stylites 1876 E

Superior 188.1 E

Surge 1882 E

Sutler 1875 H

The Jacobite 1876 E

True Briton 1884 H

Vancouver 1882 H

Verger 1881 E

Von Kulak 1880 H

Wagner 1882 E

Westcombe 1876 E

Woodstock 1881 H

Y. Caractacus 1868 H

Zorilla . .i882E

SIRE;
Consternation.

Touchet

Ossiant

Prince Charlie.
Rataplan QD.
Carnation
Bold Dayrell.
Rosicrucian . .
Doncaster*A. .
Lord Clifdent.
Toxophilite .. .

Hermit*

Silviot* ......

Traducer
Pero Gomezt. .
Speculum G . .

Sterling

Hermit

Petrarcht . . .
Coltness ....
Vancresson .
Pr. Charlie..
John Bull . . .
Van Amberg.
Cathedral . . .
Cremorne ....
Pr. Charlie . .
Cathedral . . .

Sir. Bevys*
Caractacus*
Rosicrucian

REMARKS

Elmina

Ignoramus mare ....

Question

Plunder

Teacher

Slander

Miss Harriott

Fenella Dam bred in Fran.

Lily Agnes D (Bro. to Farewell)

Laura . . : Bro. to Petrarch)

Flying Cloud

Fusee (Bro. to Candle-

Nuneaton mas.)

Idalia Premier in 1894

Lady Stanley and only pre-

Sweetbread imp mier to get win-
ners of over 200
races in i year.

Sea Mark Bro. to Topgal-

Coimbra lant.

Thoughtless

Surf by Lifeboat. . . .

Barbillone Bred in France.

Orlando mare

Ruby Imp. from Aus-

Maid of Perth tralia.

Marie Louise

Miss Evelyn

Duchess Malfi

St. Angela Raced as "Episco-

pus."

Itella Imp. into Canada.

Overreach

Salamanca .

(From American Stud Book, Vol. VI.)

Blackbird 1882 E Pr. Charlie . ,

?'--' nMiiLWmr . ..i886E Rosicrucian ..

Blinkfire 1885 H Y. Bucaneer

Bona S'choenfeld .. 180,1 E St. Honorat

Boycott H Sunstroke .

Boulevard i8gi E Boulevard . .

Broadmead iSoxiE St. Leger ..

Bushfield ". . . 1885 E Umpire

Busy Bee 1882 E Altyre

.Beatrice (Bro. to Preston-
Pans)

• Nameless (Bro. to Geheim-

niss)

. Flora Bred in Hungary.

. Lady Lumley

. One Act C Raced as Young

Sunstroke.

. Rose d'Amon Imp. in utero.

. Envious Imp. to Br. Colum-
bia.

.. Lady Newman Imp. to Canada.

. Queen Bee

92

The American Thoroughbred

NAME FOALED LINE. SIRE.

DAM s-aMB

REMARKS

Candlemas

. 1883 E

Hermit

Fusee

Sire of Irish Lad.

Cannie Boy

. i88g E

Mast. Kildare.

Cannie Agnes

Cavalier

. 1882 E

Pr. Charlie . . .

Lady Rosebery

Died in California

Chesterfield

.I876E

The Marquist.

Lamorna

Bred in Australia.

Claudius

.i876H

Cecrops

Light by P. Minster

Clear the. Way

. 1884 E

Lor.1 Gougli . .

Weatherglass

Bred in Ireland.

Connemara ,

.I888H

Bold Dayrell..

Stall of Life

Conrad

. i88g M

Carlton

Corn Bree

Courtown ,

. .i88?E

Herbertstown..

Lady Alice

Bred in Ireland.

Dark Days ,

. .1891 E

Credo

Baroness

Dean Swift

. .i8;gE

Dalnacardoch .

Rapidity

De Bourg

.1891 E

Penton

Forest Belle

Del Mar

. .i886E

Somnus

Maid of Hills

Bred in Australia.

Doebart

. . 1883 M

Statesman ....

Katrine

Duncombe

. .i884E

Speculum G. ..

Fair Helen

Dutch Bluster . . : ,

, .iSgiE

Brag :..

Mentmore

Dutch Organ ....

. . 1878 E

Lowlander ....

Tymbestere

Dutch Skipper ...

..i88sH

Dutch Skater

Schierene

Earl Clifton II...

..i88sE

Blair Athol . .

Curiosity

Edw. d'Confessor.

. . 1878 E

Hermit

Princess of Wales. .

Epigram

, . 1886 E

Epigram

Helen Macgregor. . . .

Epigram was by

Eppleworth

. . i8gi E

Quicklime ....

Spring Time

Blair Athol out

Fern Seed

. .i8gi E

Timothy

Osmonda

of 111 Used's

Fire Ball

. .1881 E

Thunderbolt ..

Nina

dam.

Fitz Tubal

. 1884 H

Tubal Cain . .

Minnie Warren ....

Died after landing

Florist

. .I884E

Petrarch

Pomona

Fortissimo

..I878E

John Davis . .

Vocalist

Fred Douglas . . .

. .iSgiE

Althotas

Lady Josslyn

Galore

. . i86.s E

Galopin

Lady Maura

A sire of sires.

Gascon

.i886E

Avontes

Arrogance

Imp. into Canada.

Gen. Blucher ....

E

Blucher

The General, mare. . .

Geo. Frederick* . .

. .i87iE

Marsvas

Princess of Wales . .

Imp. into Canada.

Gladior

. .i88<5E

Bouller

Miss Gladiator ....

Bred in France.

Gold Archer ....

. .iSgoE

Sterling

Typolite

Golden Dance .

. . i8go E

Bend /Or* . .

Rose, Morn

Graham

. . i88g E

Sterling

Sky Duchess

Grand Master . . .

..i888M

Barcaldine . . .

Geheimniss O

Halfling

. . i8g2 H

Macheath ....

Moiety

Imp. into Canada.

Hallowmas

. .I888E

Hermit

Fusee

Bro. to St. Blaise

Hamptonwick ....

. .1881 E

Hampton

Surprise

Hard Lines

. .i88aE

Umpire

Humility

Hawkesley

. .:8g2E

Hawkstone . . .

Dev' shire Lass

Hearst

, . 1886 E

Fergus I

Romping Girl

Bred in Australia.

Helicon

.i878E

Card'l York . .

Artemise

Henry ,

, .i888E

Poulet

Jennie

Bred in France

Hermence

.i888E

Isonomy, A. G.

Thebais O

A Great Sire.

High Corners ....

.i887E

Lowland Chief

Consolation

Got no Foals.

Holyport

.iSgiE

Bonnet Rouge. Carinthia

Inverness

.i888E

Cymbal

Belle of Scotland . .

Idalium

.i878H

Traducer

Idalia

Bred in New Zea-

Jongler

.:88gH

Ossiant

Jingling Bells

land.

Jno. Barley Corn .

. 1882 E

John Davis . ..

Arista

The American 'Thoroughbred

93

FOALED LINE SIRE

REMARKS

Kallicrates 1892 E

Kismet 1883 H

L'African 1890 H

Leontes 1883 E

Litigation 1884 E

Ld. Esterling 1887 E

Ld. Hartington 1884 E

Ld. Hawkstone 1891 E

Lovegold 1884 E

Loyalist 1884 E

Loyalist 1885 E

Lunar Eclipse 1888 E

Mahli 1880 E

Martenhurst 1888 E

Master Paradox ...iSgiE

Masetto 1888 E

Mast Randolph 1891 E

Matt Bynes 1891 E

Maxim 1885 E

Meddler 1890 E

Merriwa 1886 E

Monolith 1891 E

Montana 1886 E

Morpheus 1890 E

Mystery Man 1889 E

Monteith 1890 E

Objection 1886 H

Odd Fellow 1887 M

Ogontz 1889 E

Order . . .i888E

Hermit* ..... Isabel .............. (Dam of St. Frus-

Kisber* ...... Angelina ........... quin)

Brilliant ..... Splash by Spy .......

Muncaster . . . Pauline ............ Imp. into Canada.

Struan ....... South Hatch ........

Esterling .... Lady Speculum .....

Petrarch ..... Thoughtless ........

Hawkstone . . Eulalia .............

The Miser . . . Margery Daw ......

The Marquist. Loyal Peeress ...... Bred in Australia.

Sterling ..... Casuistry ...........

Xenophon . . . Vectis ..............

Suffolk ...... Castile ............. Bred in France.

Wenlock ..... Hirondelle .......... Died after first

Paradox ...... Flora .............. . season.

'St. Simon . . . Lady Abbess ....... Now in England.

Tertius ..... Lady Randolph .....

Hampton ..... Cherry ............. Now in England

and called Cher-
ry Tree.

Musket ...... Realization ......... A great sire.

St. Gatien* Q . Busybody O ......... Premier sire in

1904.
Habena ............ Bred in Australia.

Obelisk

Zingara ............ ImP-

Goldsbrough
Springfield .
Muncaster .

Wenlock Golden Dream Imp.

Springfield . . . Mystery . . .

Penton Bessie Dora

Mask Cinderella .

Barcaldine
Bend trOr
Bend /Or

into Canada.
into Canada.

Ormonde*t 1884 E Bend d/O

Ormonde d'Or 1889 E

Ornus 1891 E

Parallel 1886 E

Paramatta 1886 E

Parisian : 1885 H

Pescadillo 1887 H

Peer of the Realm. 1891 E

Plenty 1886 II

Plunderer 1891 E

Pontoon 1891 E

Potentate 1888 E

Prestonpans 1877 E

Pursebearer 1879 E

Quicklime 1879 E

Quick Time 1891 E

Geheimniss

Lady Emily

Angelica (Sister to St. Si-
mon.)

Lily Agnes ..The horse of the

Century.

Bend c^Or . . . Agnostic Raced as Red

Bendy Or . . . Ashgrave Gauntlet.

The Duke . . . L'y Paramount

Cheviot Scraps

Charibert Wee Lassie

The Confessor Little Maud

Salisbury Miss Daisy

Suwarrow . . . Lurline Bred in Australia.

Privateer Lady Helen

Hampton Plum Bonnet

Peter Cutty Sark

Pr. Charlie . . Beatrice Fairly good sire.

Scottish Chief. Thrift (Dam of Tristan).

Wenlock Duvernay

Quicklime Fair Sister Imp. before his

sire.

'The American Thoroughbred

NAME.

FOALED.J.INE SIRE

REMARK;

Radnor 1890 E

Regent 1887 M

Reggy 1884 E

Riband 1890 E

Rigadoon 1886 E

Rough and Ready. . . 1887 E

Scorpion 1887 E

Shillingstone 1883 E

Simon Magus 1888 E

Simple Simon 1887 E

Sir Fred Roberts ..i888E

Somersault 1892 E

Stereoscope 1885 E

Steve Estes 1889 E

St. Gatien, colt 1891 E

St. George 1883 H

Sun Dial 1885 E

Suwarrow 1876 H

The Chicken 1882 E

The Child o'the Mist 1882 E
E
The Devil to Pay 1883

The Dude 1891 E

The Hook 1871 H

The Hoosier 1891 E

The Sailor Prince . .i88oE
Top Gallant 1887 E

Trade Wind 1885 E

Trevelyan 1891 H

Wanamaker 1891 E

Water Level 1887 E

Whistle Jacket .... 11884 E

Muncaster . . , Filagree

Statesman . . . The Orphan

Hermit Nyl Gau All but impotent.

Galliard L'y Chatelaine

Mast. Kildare Highland Fling (Dam of Sara-
Quicklime . . . Rufford Maid band).

St. Simon . . . Anemone

Doncaster . . . Manon Lescaut

St. Simon ...Wheel of Fortune ;..-'

St. Simon . . . Lady Gladys Raced as Huncie-

Wisdom 'Candahar croft."

Trapeze Migration Trapeze was bro.

Hagioscope . . Syren to Tristan.

Springfield . . . Bloodstain •

St. Gatien* . . Glance .

. Strategy A great sire.

Time Test

Phizgig Snowden raced as

Pheasant "Panmure."

Ma Belle .

Cremorne

Albert Victor

Snowden . . .

Billy Pitt . . .

Blair Athol .

Robt. the Devil Polonaise

t A

Esterling .... The B,elle

Fish Hook . . Juliet Imp. from Austra-
lia.

Florentine . . . Indiana Imp. in utero.

Albert Victor. Hermita An excellent sire.

Sterling Sea Mark Died in Kentucky

but imp. to Can-
ada.

Goldsbrough .. Rosemary Imp. to California.

Charibert .... Muscat

Poste Restante Agnes

Isonomy, AGD Water Lily

Hermit . . Fortress . .•

(From American Stud Book, Vol. VII.)

Agincourt 1895 M

Alfieri 1891 E

Amsterdam 1884 E

Anchorite 1890 E

Asterling 1895 E

Atheling 1883 E

Benvenuto 1888 E

Blaizer .1891 E

Buzzard Wing 1880 E

Calphurnus 1890 H

Calvados 1889 E

Caryl 1885 E

Chester 1893 E

Autocrat Dorset Lass

Petrarch Agneta

Holmby Hampton Court Imp. into Canada.

Herrick Substitute

Esterling Eva Jennie Imp. into Canada.

Sterling King Tom, mare. ... A capital sire.

Galopin* Queen of Diamonds. . Sent back to Eng-

Hallowmas . . Jess Cox land.

Camillo Blush by Rob Roy. . Sold to Mexico.

July Nandu Bred in Australia.

Galopin Turn of the Tide . . .

Sexton Maritornes

Esterling .... Lady Gwendoline . . .

The American 'Thoroughbred

95

FOALED. LINE SIRE

Clienvedeu 1880 E

Cormeille 1881 H

Credential i8g.s H

Crighton 1874 E

Derwentwater 1885 E

Distant Shot i8q3 E

Yattendon

Macgregor

All's Blue

Clieveden

Doncajster

Shotesham

Disturbance 1893 M Marion A

Eagle's Plume 1883 E

Eulalon i8q3 E

Farthing i8q3 E

Foul Shot 1882 E

Golden Badge i8q3 E Bend yOr

Golden Garter 1888 £ Bend /Or

DAM^SB* REMARKS.

Lady Chester Sent back to Aus-

Narcisse tralia.

Alberta Victoria .... Imp. into Canada.

Ghinni Ghinni Bred in Australia.

Thorwater A good sire.

Ultima Thule Shotesham was

brother to Shot-
Katrine over, Derby '82.

Scottish Chief Decoration Imp. into Canada.

Tyrant D .... Eulalia

Peter ;. Moiety

Musket Slander Bred in New Zea-
land.

Madge, imp Imp. in utero.

Sanda (Dam of Sanfoin)

Thistle (D'm of Common) '

Lady Peregrine

Amber

Idalia Bro. to Sir Mo-

dred.

Satire A good sire.

Kisberina

Morning Star

Katrine

Adesia

Ormonde
Hampton
Childeric
Traducer

Imp. into Canada.

Goldfinch i88q E

Grand Falconer .... 1887 E

Green i88q E

July 1880 H

Juvenal .i88qE

Kismet i8q2 E

Kt. of Malta E

Likely i8qi E

Lord Henry 1885 E

Marden Horse 1892 E

Monarch i8qo E

Musselman i8q3 E

Norwegian 1884 E

Oakwood i8q2 E

Percy i8qo E

Phaeton i8q3 E

Piccolo iSqoE

Pillarist 1885 E Trappist Philomela . . . T.~.

Prospector 1893 E Pioneer Tibby ( Sister to Geolo-

Quack, Quack i8q4 E Queen's Coun- Catch Duck gist).

sel

Springfield . . . Wood Anemone .... Imp. into Canada.

Trocadero . . . Reine de Saba Bred in France.

Kg. of Trumps Accepted Imp. into Mexico.

Highland Chief Barcelona

Springfield . .
Melton*t ....

Kt. of Malta.
Harvester . . .
The Duke G.
Marden ...... Lauretta

Kg. of Trumps Miss Curry
Harvester .... Ayesha

Peregrine ..... Shatemuc

Sheen ....... Rosewood

Frontier ..... Rustic Agnes

Victor Chief. . Aurora
Petrarch ..... Lady Grace

Regalis 1886 E

Rigoletto 1882 E

Royal Flush 1887 E

Royal Stag i8q3 E

St. Andrew ...:... 1887 E

St. Vincent i8q3 E

Satellite i8qs E

Sauteur i8q2 E

Self-Binder i8q4 E

Sir Singenton i8qo E

Smocking :8q2 E

Solid Silver i8q3 E

South Africa i8q3 E

Star Ruby i8q2 E

Stromboli . - 1888 E

St. Simon. . . . Maid of Perth ...... Sire of Articulate.

Ollerton ...... Invincible ..........

Saraband .... Meteora ............

Trapeze ..... Serenia .............

Harvester .... Pewit ..............

Marden ...... Harmonica .........

Minting ...... Sew Away .........

Vibrate ...... Lady Uxbridge ......

Tristan ...... Zanzibar ............ Imp. into Canada.

Hampton .... Ornament .......... (Dam of Sceptre)

Chester ...... Aetna .............. Sent back to Aus-

tralia.

p<5 'The American thoroughbred

NAME. FOALED. LINE SIRE DAM'«aHB REMARKS.

The Deacon 1887 E Zealot Stella by XX imp. into Canada.

The Judge i8qi E Loyalist (Eng) British Queen

Thos. A. Becket ..i8Q4M Autocrat Maid of Kent

Trentola 1890 E Trenton Gondola Bred in Australia

and won races
in California.

Virtuose 1888 E Fitz Plutus . . Vicontesse Bred in France.

Watercress i88g E Springfield ...Wharfdale

Donnadieu t

Arkle Arklow

Greenan St. Simon ....

Gerolstein

Royal Flush Favo

* Won the Derby; t won the . Leger; Qw i .yueen's Vase: D won the Doncaster Cup; A won the Ascot Cup;
G won the Goodwood Cup; C won the Cesurewitch

The stallions laid down in Vol. 8 of the American Stud Book — a very slovenly
compilation, by the way, still worse printed and bound — are omitted intentionally,
chiefly for the reason that most of them are young horses and have, as yet, not
enough performing progeny to render them objects of interest to the breeders of
America. If this little work should go to a second edition, a year or two hence (of
which I am in nowise sanguine) they will be included in them. From the schedules
above given it will be seen that in the period from the close of the Revolution to 1865,
the end of the War of Secession, we imported thrice as many of Herod's line as of
Eclipse and of Matchem blood. And from the close of the Civil War to the present
date_there were 138 stallions of Eclipse's male line as against 172 of Herod's and 42
of Matchem's. It looks to me as though we had overdone matters in all three periods,
especially in the second one, at the close of which we found ourselves overloaded
with Herod blood. The marvelous success of Leamington, Billet, Glenelg and Buckden,
all Eclipse horses; and of Australian, the only Matchem horse imported for nearly a
half-century, upon the Lexington-Glencoe mares, from 1870 to 1885, shows how badly
we were in need of a really good and legitimate outcross. Lexington got nk> sons
worth being called sires, but his daughters built up reputations for all five of the
above named sires, with Bonnie Scotland and Prince Charlie thrown in. Of the
above mentioned stallions, Leamington did not get the most winners but he bred, by
long odds, the best class.

American breeding is a good deal of a lottery, at best, for horses have succeeded
here that were failures, or comparatively so, in England and Australia. Leamington
made three seasons in England, during which he got 19 winners of 42 races, none
of which exceeded $2,000 in value. We all know what he did here for, after being
buried alive on Staten Island for three years, he was sent out to Kentucky where
he got Enquirer, Lyttelton, Longfellow and Hamburg, all in one season ; and Hamburg,
the poorest of the lot, won over $3,500 in three seasons, while Lyttelton was much
better ; and as for Enquirer and Longfellow, every illiterate negro rubber knows what
they did. Glencoe's case is even more startling as a reverse caused by transplantation.
He stood to sixteen mares in 1836, getting 13 foals, only one being a male, which died
as a yearling. What his daughters achieved at the stud would fill this entire volume
if I undertook to give it in detail. He was brought into Alabama Where most of
his get were flashy, the great Peytona excepted. When he got up into Kentucky and
had access to the daughters of Medoc, Leviathan and Wagner, the records soon began
to tell a very different story. Even in 1860, twenty-nine years after his birth and
three years after his death, he was second on the list and that by a narrow margin.

'The American Thoroughbred qj

Billet was another instrument of triumph in this country with comparatively no
success in the land of his birth ; and a dozen of similar oases might be cited, of less
note, however. The truth is that we have so many good matrons in this country that
do not trace to any one of the forty-four mares named in Mr. Bruce Lowe's system
of "Breeding by Figures" that it is comparatively useless in America, save where the
sire and the dam, or granddam have been imported from England. In the mother
country it is all right enough and the figures come out correctly in seven cases out of
every ten. ,

Take the cases of Picayune, Minerva Anderson, Vesper Light, Brown Kitty and
Hennie Farrow, and their pedigrees are very short but there is no doubt but there
was good blood in them a long way back. Yet we all know that Doubloon, Duke of
Magenta, Vandalite, Rupee, and Mollie McCarthy (a winner from one mile up to four)
came from comparatively obscure lineage in the first place. That is why I say that
the Bruce Lowe system is good enough in England and France, but untenable in
America, an opinion in which I find the concurrence of Mr. William Allison, the
foremost authority on breeding in Great Britain. The "mare" from the stud of
Harrison of Brandon, Va.," must have been good, or we would not have such sires
as Kinglike and Joe Hooker tracing back to her. Duke of Magenta was beaten but
once and that by a horse (Spartan) that never beat anything else with any just
pretensions to class. Frogtown, 3 miles in 5 :29*4 ', Barnum, the great cup horse of
twenty years ago ; Spendthrift, Wildidle and Miser, all good sires and the first-named
deservedly great ; Socks, who defeated Planet at Charleston ; Fashion, who won four-
mile heats at thirteen years old ; Hanover, who headed the list of sires for four
seasons ; Thunder, Lightning and Lancaster, all distinguished winners in their day ;
Norfolk, Volante and Hermis, all top-notchers in their respective eras ; Bill Dearing
and Jonce Hooper, both good stake winners ; Captain Moore, best three-year-old of
1863 ; Wagner, Star Davis and Rainbow, all great descendants of Maria West ; and
Mingo, the best four-mile horse of 1835, all these came from mares that do not
trace to mares in the Bruce Lowe system. Hence, I say that system is something like,
a time test in galloping races, a good thing to have as a corroboration, but far from
indispensible, as far as concerns American breeding. Even in Australian breeding the
Bruce Lowe system is far from infallible, as Stromboli, winner of the Sydney Cup
and afterwards imported into California ; and Bravo, winner of the Melbourne Cup
of 1889, in which the great Carbine was second, both trace to Arabian stallions at the
sixth generation and to mares having no history whatever. Hence I am hardly*
to be censured for saying that American breeding is, to a considerable extent, a
lottery. Look at the great performers that have sold as yearlings for less than
$1,000; and at the high-priced yearlings that have not since won enough to pay for
their straw bedding; and in the history of those horses and their performances you
find a sufficient corroboration of what I say.

Lexington and Vandal, the two greatest native sires between 1860 and 1875, were
differently bred from the horses just above named, tracing, as thy did, to the imported
mare Diamond (of the No. 12 family) by the Cullen Arabian, this also being the
family of Weatherbit, Sterling and Oxford in England; and of the imported stallions
Galore and Maxim in America. The old Montague mare was the tap-root of that
family. Another great American horse of that family, who should have been sent
back here at the close of his racing career, was Umpire, by Lecompte (Boston-Reel)
out of Alice Carneal by imported Sarpedon. He won 18 good races in England and
was beaten only a head in the City and Suburban of 1862 by Adventurer, to whom
he was conceding thirty pounds. But Mr. Ten Broeck sold Umpire to the Russians
and thenceforth he was lost to history. Vandal, for years in comparative obscurity
and wholly overshadowed by his neighbor, Lexington, was finally rescued and sent to
Belle Meade, where he died and was given the funeral of a hero. Vandal goes down

<?c? The American Thoroughbred

to history as the horse that saved the male line of Glencoe from total extinction.
Already we have seen the male line of Glencoe (through Hanover) pre-eminent for
four seasons and second by the narrowest of margins in the fifth ; and from present
appearances, his son Hamburg is making a very earnest effort to keep up the family
traditions. The renaissance of this remarkable strain of blood, so powerless in its
male line from 1860 to 1880 and so strong now, is as great as the uprising of Blacklock's
line in England, after a half-century of calumny and persecution. "Truth, crushed to
earth, shall rise again."

We are now about as badly off as were the Australians in 1862 when they were so
overstocked with Eclipse blood that the importation of a Herod stallion (Fisherman)
was a God-send to them ; and Talk o' the Hill, another Herod horse and a grandson of
Pocahontas, a Herod mare, completed the work of rejuvenation that Fisherman had
begun. Even in our own country, we have seen the achievements of another Herod
horse, Sir Modred, but we must in all candor, remember that the pedigree of that
dead hero showed 53% per cent of Eclipse blood. The wonderful success of Han-
over's sons in the stud (and of Hanover himself, for that matter) is surprising only
in that Hanover was deficient in sire blood, for he was a horse of almost perfect
conformation ; and it is to his marvelous individuality, which he impressed so dis-
tinctly on all his get, rather than to all other causes combined, that I ascribe Hanover's
great success in the stud. The success of Hamburg, a sire of two Futurity winners —
and fillies at that — at nine years old — is something to be conjured with; and Hand-
spring, Handsel, Buck Massie and others bringing up the rest of the parade, it looks
as if the male line of Glencoe, through Hanover, had "come to stay."

The decadence of the blood of Emilius in America, is something quite as remark-
able as it was in England. Emilius won the Derby in 1823 and got Priam and
Plenipotentiary, winners of the Derby ; Mango, winner of the St. Leger ; Riddlesworth.
of the Two Thousand Guineas ; Oxygen, winner of the Oaks in 1831 ; and three fillies
that not only won the One Thousand Guineas, but were better than the fourth in the
Oaks. He was clearly the best stallion in England from 1822 to 1842, after which his
lead grew rapidly less. America was unfortunate enough to import six sons of
Emilius, to-wit : Ambassador, foaled in 1836, out of Trapes by Tramp ; Mango, out
of Mustard by Merlin, foaled 1834; Mercer, foaled 1836, out of Young Mouse (winner
of the 1000 guineas) by Godolphin ; Riddlesworth, foaled 1828. out of Filagree, dam of
Cobweb, the Oaks winner ; Sarpedon, foaled 1828, out of Icaria by The Flyer ;
Sovereign, foaled 1836, out of Fleur de Lis by Bourbon; and the most careless reader
will see that the male line of Emilius did not run out for the want of good dams for
the horses above named. Fleur de Lis was by twelve pounds the best mare of her
day for she won the Doncaster Cup once and the Goodwood Cup twice, in addition to
being second for it, to Priam, on her third attempt. It was for crooked work in this
race with Priam that the then King of England, William IV., owner of Fleur de Lis,
was ruled off the turf for life by the Jockey Club ; and that is the way that Col. Wade
Hampton, of South Carolina, came to be the purchaser and importer of Sovereign.
The last of the male line of Emilius was Villard, a little black horse by Lodi (son of
Yorkshire) out of Rosa Mansfield by Rivoli. He died at Pendleton, Oregon, in
the winter of 1001.

The line of Catton, a great winner himself and twice a premier sire of England,
was also destined to meet its total extinction in the Far West. Its final representative
was Warwick, by Hubbard out of Mayflower (Joe Hooker's dam) by imported
Eclipse. This horse is not to be confounded with a son of imported Leamington and
Minnie Minor, that died the property of Mr. James B. Haggin. This horse was an
excellent performer and was beaten a length by Nathan Coombs (son of Lodi and
Miami) in a race of two and one-half miles at Sacramento, conceding a year and
12 Ibs., to the winner. He also beat Red Boy, by War Dance, at mile heats, at Star

'The American Thoroughbred qg

Ranch near Boise City, the fastest race that had been run in Idaho up to that time.
He was owned by two men who cared nothing for him save as a gambling machine;
and once he broke down and was of no further use to them, they sold him to a cattle
man who owned no thoroughbred mares. No wonder that he died in obscurity and
that a once noble race of horses ended its days in him. I have heard that there is still
a Catton horse in New Zealand but, after considerable research, am unable to find
any trace of him whatever.

And as if the loss of the Emilius Ime was not disaster enough, the other line of
Orville blood, through the great Muley, is also extinct, the last horse of that line
being an Irish horse called Mount Gifford. America imported two great and worthy
sons of Muley — Margrave, who won the St. Leger of 1832 and Leviathan who raced
in England under the name of Mezereon and won a four-mile race at York. He was
imported by James Jackson, of Alabama, who was afterwards the importer of Glencoe,
Leviathan was inbred to Beningbrough, the St. Leger winner of 1794, his dam being by
Windle and his second dam Virago by Snap, she being the dam of Saltram (also
imported here) who won the Derby of 1783. Leviathan got a great many good per-
formers but no sires worthy of mention, though his daughters bred well to several
stallions and did much towards building up the fame of the immortal Glencoe. Mar-
grave's homely head did much to discourage intending patrons of that horse, but he
was a magnificent galloper himself and got many excellent performers. His best son
was Brown Dick, whose race at three-mile heats, in 1856, stood as the record for that
distance for a term of nine years. It is a curious thing that this old hammer-headed
Margrave should have had two older sons named Blue Dick and Black Dick. Blue
Dick ran against that great 'mare Fashion, on Long Island in 1846 and bolted the
track while running ahead and certain to win the race. Black Dick belonged to Col.
A. L. Bingaman, of Natchez, Miss., the greatest scholar the South ever produced.
Black Dick won a race at two-mile heats and fell dead just after winning the deciding
heat. An examination showed that he had died of lockjaw, caused by being "pricked"
by the blacksmith who plated him.

Of late years, no greater native stallion than Spendthrift has ap-peared in all
America ; and while he was never first on the list of sires, he was always close up
to the file-leader, with an exceptionally fine type of horses to run for him. After his
death, two of his sons — Kingston and Hastings — headed the list in 1900 and 1902 re-
spectively, while a third one, the big and beautiful Lamplighter, was well up among
the first ten named. Not only that, but his daughters have bred well to a number of
sires of entirely different lineage ; and some of the best race horses turned out from
the Rancho del Paso, the greatest of all American harems, have been from Spend-
thrift's daughters. He was sent to England to run for the Ascot Cup and Cesare-
witch, but his wind became affected by that murky climate and he was unable to repeat
the triumphs achieved in his native land. Spendthrift changed owners several times
after his return to America and finally died, the property of Mr. J. N. Camden, Jr.,
of the Hartland Stud, near Versailles in Kentucky. He must rank as the best son of
imported Australian, though it is hard to say what would have been the history of
Waverly (out of imported Cicely Jopson by Weatherbit) had he lived. Spendthrift
was a full brother to Miser and Fellowcraft and a brother-in-blood to Wildidle, a
capital performer and a good sire, though by no means the equal of Spendthrift.
Even if Spendthrift had gotten only Kingston and Lamplighter, they alone would have
made him a famous sire. In the language of Henry VIII., he "should have died
hereafter."

England has had no such Matchem stallion as Spendthrift. Barcaldine was her
best exponent of that line since the death of Melbourne and while he was a better
race-horse than Spendthrift, he never got a premier sire, let alone two such as Kings-
ton and Hastings. Barcaldine was never beaten but won 13 consecutive races, in

TOO The American Thoroughbred

one of which, the Northumberland Plate, at 2 miles, he won with 136 Ibs. up. Bar-
caldine got Mimi, winner of the One Thousand and the Oaks ; and Sir Visto, winner
of the Derby and St. Leger of 1895. Three sons of Baroaldine, all out of the Oaks
winner, Geheimniss, have been imported to this country, Free Mason, Grand Master
and Odd Fellow. The latter has done only fairly well for a horse that was by the
best winner of his day and out of the best filly of her era also. Free Mason got a good
handicap horse called First Principal, before leaving England. Perhaps the blood of
these three brothers may show up better in the next generation, as they are all heavily
boned and strong horses in a general way. There is no denying that such horses
are an acquisition to any country where the mares are as light-boned as they are in
Kentucky and Tennessee.

Mr. Joseph Osborne (Beacon) in speaking of the decay of Herod's line in Eng-
land, says, "Naturally the breeders of England look to the United States of America,
as the place whence the regenerating fluid must be drawn." In my belief, we can
supply England with "the regenerating fluid" from both the Herod and Matchem
lines. No Matchem horse has headed the Sires' List in England since 1857, when
Blink Bonny's double victory in the Derby and Oaks placed honest old lop-eared Mel-
bourne in the premiership. We have had two premiers of Matchem's line — Kingston
and Hastings — in the past five years, hence I deem our Matchem horses better than
theirs. Morion is the best performer they have had for years, but considering that
he was by Barcaldine out of an own sister to two such sires as The Palmer and
Rosicrucian, he has done very little at the stud.

As for Herod horses, the descendants of Hanover and Jim Gore should be able to
fill the bill in that direction. At the same time the line of Pantaloon, through Thor-
manby, Atlantic and Le Sancy, gives the French a very wide opening in England if
the Herod blood is all they require. I never saw a much harder finished horse than
Le Sancy in my life. And the French have preserved the male line of Selim (which
is that of Hanover also) through The Flying Dutchman and his son, Dollar, to a
much greater extent than most of us are aware. Mr. William Allison, of Cobham,
has already imported Pastisson, a male-line descendant of Flying Dutchman, with
a view to distributing the "regenerating fluid" in England. I do not think the gifted
author of "The British Thoroughbred" is making any great mistake. They will have
to come to us or go to France, for a supply of Herod and Matchem stallions, just as
we have been compelled to go to them, in the past forty years, for better exponents of
the Eclipse line than we could hope to produce at home.

The best Herod horse that has been imported from England in the past forty years
is St. George, by Cremorne ; and the only stallion of any real merit that Cremorne ever
got, his best performer being the flying filly Kermesse. St. George's dam was Strategy
by Adventurer out of Minerva by Stockwell, his sixth dam being Whim, the fifth dam
of both Barcaldine and his sire, Solon. St. George is the sire of several high-class
performers such as Aladdin, winner of the Sheridan Stakes and Oakwood Handicap ;
Lucien Appleby, winner of whole dozens of races ; and Bearcatcher, a three-year-old,
whose mile in i :39% with a goodly weight on his back, is at least impressive. Some
one of these three should serve to keep alive the blood of Sweetmeat who is one of the
five greatest factors in modern pedigrees. Our best native Herod horse, without one
moment's hesitation, was Lexington. No matter who else was second, Lexington un-
deniably was first. Lexington was very deficient in sire blood and that is why his
male line has so soon run out. He succeeded on his marvelous individuality and his
faultless form ; and that was about all there was to Hanover, who was about as badly
off for sire blood as was Lexington himself. Yet they are the two greatest Herod-line
sires since 1800 and Lexington stands close beside Sir Peter with a larger number of
years to his credit than the great Derby winner of 1787, who was also the greatest
Herod horse that England ever knew. Like Stockwell, King Tom and Rataplan, Sir

T'be American 'Thoroughbred 101

Peter belonged to the No. 3 family and was its second greatest exponent. He fell
behind Stockwell in St. Leger winners but ranked one each ahead of him on winners
of the Derby and Oaks. A half dozen sons of Sir Peter — two of them Derby win-
ners, Archduke and Sir Harry — were imported to America, but none of them were
worth the hay they ate on the passage -across the Atlantic.

In spite of the failure of the Herod and Matchem lines in the classic British events
since 1870, the intelligent English breeder knows he has got to come back to Herod
and Matchem sires before long. Mr. Allison, a long way the most intelligent breeding
authority in England told them, nearly six years ago, that the British thoroughbred
could no longer be improved by breeding from the male line of Eclipse. And having
said about all that can now be written upon this "horn of the dilemma," let me now
have something to write concerning sundry importations of British-bred horses into
the United States. Leamington, Glencoe, Leviathan, Bonnie Scotland, Billet and
Glenelg, have all received their due meed of eulogy at the hands of the breeding public
but there are some who have met with but little praise and who deserved a good
deal more.

ALBION, by Actaeon or Cain (the former given as the true sire and generally ac-
cepted as such) out of Panthea, sister to imported Belshazzar, by Blacklock, was a
small black horse foaled in 1837. He was bred by Mr. E. Peel and imported as a
yearling by Hon. Lucius J. Polk, of Tennessee, about the same time that gentleman
imported Variella, a full sister tc> the great Voltaire, but for whom the male line cf
Blacklock would now be extinct. Albion was such <a little runt that the Tennessee
breeders fought shy of him and Mr. Polk said if nobody else would breed to him, he
would breed him to his own mares, which he did with signal success. Albion got
Bill Dearing, a large and handsome horse with a fair turf record ; Bill Cheatham, a
capital two-miler and good enough at three miles to defeat the North Carolina horse
Tar River, then one of three best four-milers in America, Nicholas the First and Sue
Washington being the other two; and that great three-year-old Socks who defeated the
great Planet, at Charleston, twice within one week. He also got three good fillies,
Sallie Woodward, Martha Worsham and Kate Hayes, all out of Eudora by imp.
Priam. From 1858 to 1864, Albion was very prominent as a sire of good winners.
Counting by the number of races won, instead of their moneyed value, Albion made
as good a showing as any sire in America at that period, but it was! as a sire of
broodmares that he shone more particularly. He got Canary Bird, dam of Harry
Bassett ; and Lucy Fowler, dam of Tom Bowling, they being easily the two greatest
sons of Lexington on the turf and about the poorest in the stud. He also got Banner,
dam of Morlacchi, Bonita, and Annie Bush, three first-class fillies by Lexington, the
latter being the dam of Bushwhacker, whose defeat of Checkmate in the Morrisey
Stakes at Saratoga, caused a lowering of the two-mile record, in races between horses,
though Ten Broeck had a lower one against Time. The blood of Albion has certainly
been emblazoned on the banners of more than one mighty conqueror.

Belshazzar, ch. h. 1830, by Blacklock, out of Manuella (Oaks winner of 1812, and
own sister to Altisidora who won the St. Leger of 1813) by Dick Andrews, was a very
unlucky horse, having run third in the St. Leger of 1833, won by Rockingham, a son
of Humphrey Clinker who got the great Melbourne. Mr. Watt, of Bishop Burton,
who owned both Blacklock and Tramp, had no hesitation in saying that his colt had
been poisoned. He was imported in 1838, by Mr. Thomas Flintoff, of Nashville, but,
before leaving England, he got Cara who won the One Thousand Guineas ; and a
number of others fairly good, among which was Belle Dame, third dam of the great
stallion Hermit (by Newminster and Derby winner in 1867) who is the only stallion
in English history to head the list of Winning Sires for seven consecutive years.
Belshazzar was leased to Capt. W. J. Minor, of Mississippi, in 1842, where he was
mated with imported Brittania, a full sister to Muley Moloch, the sire of Alice Haw-

IO2 'The American Thoroughbred

thorn. The produce was a chestnut colt called Verifier, who won eleven straight races
and never was beaten until he broke down while leading that also great colt Revenue.
Belshazzar got a great many good horses and two of his get, Babylon and Ninus, were
sent over to England where each won a race or two. Belshazzar's male line became
extinct, partly through the Civil War which almost paralyzed breeding in the South ;
and partly through the total 'indifference of the Kentucky breeders of that period, who
could see no merit in anything but Lexington and Yorkshire. No horses "got the
cold shoulder" worse than did Bonnie Scotland and Leamington on their first visits Lo
the Blue Grass region.

'The American 'Thoroughbred zoj

OUR IMPORTED SIRES

AMONG the great stallions imported to America, Leamington, by Faugh-a-Ballagh
(St. Leger and Cesarewitch winner of 1844) is clearly entitled to supremacy. No other
stallion ever got four such winners, in a single season, as Longfellow, Enquirer, Lyt-
tleton and Hamburg; and as the sire of Iroquois, the only American horse ever to win
an Epsom Derby and Doncaster St. Leger, he defies approach by the best of them.
He did not equal Lexington as a brood-mare sire for the reason that his daughters in-
herited his irascible temper and were not good milkers, while the Lexington mares
were like Jersey cows. For all that his daughters dropped such great performers as
Sir Dixon, who was also premier sire of America in 1901 ; Potomac, one of the only
two horses to win the Futurity at two years old and the Realization at three; and
Belvidere, a fair race horse and an excellent sire; and, of less note, such excellent per-
formers as Manchaca and Chesapeake.

Leamington made four seasons in England prior to his importation by Mr. Cam-
eron but, while all his get were good performers, none of them could be called great.
Everybody in America knows of his great achievements in his new home and he is the
only stallion since 1870 to get two premier sires, Longfellow in 1891 and Iroquois in 1893.
I never saw Leamington but once and could not get anywhere near him on account of his
temper, but he impressed me as having the finest hind leg and especially the best gaskin,
I had ever seen under a horse. One of his sons, the brilliant Sensation, was second
on the list of winning sires in England in 1899, through the victories of Democrat,
Dominie and others in Mr. Pierre Lorillard's stable, trained by that splendid Con-
federate veteran, Mr. John Huggins, of the Lone Star State. Of eleven stallions whose
get won upwards of $50,000 in 1893, three were sons of Leamington — Longfellow, Iro-
quois and Onondaga, the latter a full brother to Sensation. It must also be remembered
that another son of Leamington — the unsexed Parole — was the only horse ever to win
the City and Suburban, Great Metropolitan and Newmarket Handicaps in one season ;
and that, in the latter race, he defeated the great Isonomy, the best cup horse of the
last fifty years. Leamington was a fitting exponent of the No. 14 family, from which
came the immortal Touchstone and that Australian wonder, Grand Flaneur who got
Merman, one of the only three horses to walk over for the Goodwood cup in the long
space of seventy-five years. Leamington was a brown horse of almost perfect con-
formation. He won the Chester cup and Goodwood Stakes at four and the Chester
cup again at six years ; and, in the Queen's Vase of the latter year, he was beaten a
neck by the three-year-old Schism, carrying 97 pounds while he carried 121 pounds.
It was a fitting end to the turf career of a horse whose real merit for gameness, coupled
with speed, had always been underestimated by the handicappers.

IT is very doubtful if America ever imported a much better stallion than Glenelg.
He bred such wonderfully good legs and feet, and coupled with undeniable gameness
and a fair rate of speed, that he must rank next to Leamington and Australian among
the more modern importations ; and for the first three seasons of his get upon the turf
you could hardly find a buyer for a Glenelg colt and, as for his fillies, you coulld
scarcely get a breeder to try one of them unless he was one of that numerous class
that "Wants something for nothing." Mr. E. J. Baldwin of Santa Anita, through
Mr. Lewis R. Martin (now about fifteen years dead) was fortunate enough to get six

104 The American Thoroughbred

or seven of them to mate with his stallion, Grinstead, whom I shall always regard as
the best sire that ever came from the male line of Lexington. From these mares he
bred Volante, winner of the American Derby and a dozen other sweepstakes ; Santiago,
who won the Drexel and Sheridan and who would have won the Derby with an honest
ride; and Rey del Carreras (Americus) a winner in both England and America,
against the very fastest horses of his day. Glenelg's triumphs, as a sire, covered nearly
a quarter-century; and if ever a horse departed this life as full of laurels as of
years, he was that horse, for he lived to be thirty-three and got some fair winners at
twenty-nine. Glenelg was a great race horse himself and his defeat of Niagara (sister
to Preakness, Rubicon and Bay Final, the only three brothers, bred in America, to win
races in England) for the Bowie Stakes at Baltimore, at four miles, proved him a racer
of undeniable class. Disgusted at his failures for his first three seasons at the far East,
Mr. Belmont (the elder August) sold him to a Kentucky breeder, only to see him
premier sire of all America for four seasons out of the six that followed. Glenelg is
the only stallion in American stud history to get four horses that won over forty
races each. These were Little Minch, 84 races; Gleaner, 50; Firenze, 47, and Los An-
geles, 47, making 228 races won by four horses got by one sire. I doubt if any other
stallion can make the same showing. Glenelg, in the four seasons of his premiership,
had to his credit as follows: $98,862 in 1884; $113,638 in 1886; $120,031 in 1887, and
$130,746 in 1888, or nearly $30,000 more than Hanover got in the same number of
seasons.

Individual merit like this cannot easily be denied. It shows that a horse whose get
won in four seasons as premier sire of America, was capable of maintaining his su-
premacy against all comers, when you consider the number of races won by his get
and their moneyed value. Like the peerless Lexington of a previous generation, Glenelg
got no sires of any great merit, but his daughters have already built up the reputation
of more than one prominent winner and several fairly good stallions. As Glenelg's fe-
male tail line had not produced any sire of note, the more intelligent class of breeders
fought shy of him at first. Nor was it until he had been established thoroughly as a
premier sire that they began to court his favors as a sire. His mark upon the breed of
thoroughbred horses in America is one that is clearly indelible and his daughters are
plainly responsible for it. None of his sons has every arisen to the dignity of a first-class
sire. Glenelg died at the advanced age of thirty-three years and got five foals when
he was thirty-one.

1 , RAYON D' OR classes up with the very best of our irn^orted sires, not so much
through Chaos who placed him at the head of the list in 1889 as through the general
merit of his progeny. The brave old French horse not only won the St. Leger of 1879
but also carried off the Rous Memorial and the Prince of Wales' Stakes at Newmarket
at four, in addition to winning the Prix du Cadran and the Prix Rainbow (3*4 miles),
beating the French Derby winner, Zut, in both these races on his native soil. Very few
stallions, either native or imported, get such performers as Tenny, winner of the
Brooklyn Handicap with 127 pounds; Tea Tray, a winner at all distances; Don De'Oro, a
great winner in the colors of the younger August Belmont ; Octagon, twice a winner of
the Toboggan Handicap and already sire of that peerless filly, Beldame ; Chaos, winner
of the Futurity; Banquet, winner of twenty-eight races, four of which were won in
England, and Laura Stone, one of the best fillies of her day. In all he got 104 winners,
nearly all of which won more than one race. His daughters have bred well, one of
them being the dam of Handspring, the best three-year-old 'of 1896 and already the
sire of such stake-winners as Major Daingerfield, whose time for the great Realization
Stakes is still the record for that race.

IMPORTED WAGNER, who comes from the same line of mares that produced Chat-
ham, The Nabob, The Duke, The Earl (Grand Prix de Paris in 1868) Sesostris, Spring-
field and Tadmor, in England; and the great Kingfisher (one of Lexington's best sons)

American Thoroughbred 105

in America, must be awarded more than passing mention in these pages, even if he
had gotten nothing but "The Coal Black Lady," known as Imp, who won the great
Suburban Handicap of 1898. Wagner was by Prince Charlie, the fastest horse in Eng-
land in his day, second to Wenlock in the St. Leger and winner of the Two Thousand
Guineas ; and his dam, the Duchess of Malri, was by Elland, who won the Queen's
Vase at Ascot and four other Cup races. The second dam, Bay Celia, produced the
Duke, who won the Goodwood Cup of 1866, and the Earl, who won the Grand Prix de
Paris. Hersey, the next dam, produced several winners ; and Hester not only produced
Chatham and The Nabob, both great sires, but also produced Palmyra, the dam of
Sesostris and Tadmor and second dam of the great Springfield, who was the best
horse of his day in England, at weight for age, as well as sire of Watercress and
Juvenal, two of our best importations.

BILLET, by Voltigeur out of Calcutta by Flatcatcher, was about as unfashionably
bred horse as ever left England. He was own brother to Bivouac, a good campaigner,
but was not much of a horse himself. He was imported into Illinois, where he remained
in obscurity for several seasons till his son Volturno won the rich Breckenridge Stakes
at Baltimore and Volturno's full brother, Elias Lawrence, ran the fastest three miles
ever run at Saratoga in 5 :2g. Several other good ones showed up about the same time
and Billet's owner received an offer from Kentucky that he could not well refuse. Billet
headed the list of sires in 1884 and subsequently became famous as the sire of Miss
Woodford, the best mare of that day. Then along came Belvedere, a horse of more than
average class, followed by his brother, Sir Dixon, who was by far the most brilliant
three-year-old of his day. Sir Dixon's career in the stud has been uniformly good and
in 1901 he headed the list of sires with something over $250,000 to his credit, counting
in the moneys won" by his get in England and France. If a breeding expert in England
had been asked to send over a good stallion, it is safe to say that he would have picked
sixty before even thinking of Billet. How many horses have succeeded in America that
were not bred from a line of sire-producing mares ? The success of Billet only serves
to show how great a lottery is breeding in America.

BUCKDEN, by Lord Clifden out of Consequence by Bay Middleton, was a good race-
horse, being imported by William R. Travers, of New York, and raced on all Eastern
tracks. He won several races and was sold to Capt. William Cottrill, of Mobile, who
always spent his Summers at the North. He purchased a farm in Kentucky and bought
some good mares to mate with his good bay horse. Buckden bred a great deal of
extreme speed, and this, coupled with the fact that his colts and fillies came early to
hand, soon made him a popular young sire. He died at the early age of ten, having
gotten such stake-winners as Ben d'Or (best weight-carrier of his day), Meditator,
Aleck Ament and Laura Glass, together with many useful horses not quite up to stake
form.

HARTINGTON., who won the Cesarewitch of 1864, was, like Billet, a son of Voltigeur,
and as much better bred horse than Billet, as was possible to be. Yet he hardly figures
in any of our pedigrees, save as the sire of that good mare, Mary Howard, dam of Pearl
Jennings. Hartington came from the No. 7 family which produced Mundig, West Aus-
tralian, Cotherstone and Donovan, all winners of the Derby.

GLEN ATHOL, by Blair Athol out of Greta by Voltigeur, one of the finest bred horses
ever imported, got Glenmore, one of the best cup-horses of his day and a winner of the
fastest second heat of four miles ever run. But outside of Glenmore, Glen Athol is
hardly known save as a broodmare sire. His name occurs in several good pedigrees.
Glen Athol was also the sire of that great cup horse, Checkmate, who conceded 21
pounds to Bushwhacker at Saratoga and was beaten by a bare length.

THE history of imported Bonnie Scotland, who should have headed the list of
winning sires long before he did, is almost a repetition of the long-deferred triumphs
of the Godolphin Arabian. There seems to me to be in all the world's long history,

io6 'The American Thoroughbred

no other parallel to it. Imported in 1858 by Capt. Cornish and sold to Reber and
Kutz, in a district in Ohio, where there were but few thoroughbred mares and none
that had produced winners previous to his advent, he was again banished still further
away into Illinois and Iowa, where he appeared likely to die in undeserved obscurity.
But the cloud over him had, after all, a silver lining. One day old Vandal died at
Belle Meade and it became necessary to select a successor to the horse that had saved
the male line of Glencoe from extinction. General Jackson read over the race in which
Dangerous, by Bonnie Scotland, had run so well to Idlewild and Jerome Edger in the
fastest time then recorded with Northern weight. He also recalled the fact that in
the only heat lost by the then peerless Asteroid, he was beaten by a son of Bonnie Scot-
land ; and this, coupled with the fast three-mile race won by Frogtown in 5 '.2gl/>, de-
termined him in his idea of buying old Bonnie Scotland and. transplanting him at Belle
Meade. Of the triumphs that followed his purchase by General Jackson, it is hardly
necessary for me to speak. In the third season after his removal to Tennessee, Bonnie
Scotland headed the list with $135,700 won by his get, being by $15,340 the largest
amount credited to any sire in America, whether native or imported. It was an un-
usually rainy year all over America, and the saying, "Trust a Bonnie Scotland to run
in the mud," attained the proportions of an established maxim. Two years later he
again reached the premiership of America with $103,475, and his son, Luke Blackburn,
was the most consistent three-year-old in American history, having won 22 races out of
23 starts at that age ; and George Kinney was an exemplar of the Miss Obstinate family
which reaped such green laurels in England through the unsexed Parole. And where
was there any horse of that period that got such fillies as the daughters of Bonnie Scot-
land. Glidelia won at Saratoga a mile and three-quarters and established new record
for that distance, a record destined to be unbroken for nearly twenty years. Bonnie
Scotland, as a sire of sires, was only fairly good, Bramble, out of Ivy Leaf, being by
long odds his best. Bramble never headed the list of sires but there was hardly a year
between 1885 and 1895 that he did not have from $40,000 to $60,000 to his credit ; and
there are but few sires that average as well. Even as late as 1901, shortly before old
Bramble went the way of all horse flesh, his son, Prince of Melbourne, won the Real-
ization Stakes at Coney Island and the Brighton Cup a few days later, the two races
aggregating the handsome sum of $37,000.

THE ILL USED, by Breadalbane out of Ellermire (dam of Elland and Epigram) by
Chanticleer, was one of the best bred horses ever imported to America. He will be
found in the Stud Book, Volume I, as the "Breadalbane colt." He was knocked about
and bruised badly in his first three races, on account of which Mr. Belmont gave him his
peculiar name. After that he had no bad luck and won a number' of good races, his
best being in the Kenner Stakes at Saratoga, then run at two miles. He could stay
all day, but strange to say, nearly all of his get were notable as sprinters, the best
being Fides, who won the Toboggan Handicap. This horse was just the reverse of
the English horse, Sterling, who was a very short horse himself — all out at a mile and
a quarter — but got a number of good stayers, Isonomy and Gold among the number.
But the daughters of the 111 Used produced many good stayers, Henry of Navarre and
Kilmarnock being the most notable examples. Ill Used was a brother-in-blood to the
Australian sire, Epigram, who got Le Grand, the horse that defeated the great Martini
Henry in the Victoria St. Leger, Epigram being by Blair Athol. Elland by Rataplan out
of The 111 Used's dam, won the Queen's Gold Vase at Ascot, the Liverpool Autumn
Cup and several other big races. The 111 Used is an important factor in some of the
very best American pedigrees. He was a small horse but looked every inch the warrior.

MR. PICKWICK, by Hermit, out of Tomato by King Tom, from the Oaks winner,
Mincemeat, was another very valuable importation, being brought over by Charles Reed,
of Gallatin, Tenn. He died in 1889, a comparatively young horse, being the sire of
many good winners, the best being Dobbins, who ran a dead heat at Morris Park with

The American Thoroughbred 107

the incomparable Domino and won the Realization Stakes at three years old. Mr.
Pickwick got a great many good winners, among them Ida Pickwick, who raced till
eight years old and won over sixty races. He was bred in strictly sire-producing lines,
his third dam being Hybla, dam of the great Kettledrum, who won the Derby of 1861 ;
and his fifth dam produced Lanercost, the greatest campaign horse between 1839 and
1850 and over the average as a sire. Mr. Pickwick's daughters, however, do not seem
to be so successful as matrons as are the daughters of St. Blaise, by the same sire. This
is somewhat singular, because Mr. Pickwick was much the better-bred horse, being from
the No. 3 family while St. Blaise was from No. 22. At the same time, a close review
of St. Blaise's pedigree will show the reader that he contained more great broodmare
sires than did Mr. Pickwick; and that may account for the superiority of St. Blaise's
daughters as matrons. Dobbins, above mentioned, was sent to England to race, but
broke down in training and never faced the starter. He was standing in Ireland when
I was there in 1901.

It is a singular thing that with six sons of the great St. Simon in America, not
one of them has ever been as good as tenth on the list of winning sires. Masetto, out of
Lady Abbess (sister of Exeter, who beat the great Rayon d'Or in the Hardwicke Stakes
at Ascot) by Cathedral, has gotten two good horses in Waring and Tommy Atkins, the
latter of which was sent over to England and died shortly after landing; and Waring, a
winner of about $14,000 in two weeks, at San Francisco in 1900, is dead also. Basset-
law, owned at the Rancho del Paso, gets a great many horses in the "useful" class but,
as yet, has turned out nothing great. Scorpion got a fairly good colt in John Yerkes
who won the Drexel Stakes at Chicago, but none of the rest of his get have achieved
much. Two other sons of St. Simon — St Evox and Hawkswick — are more recent im-
portations, but their get are as yet too young to give any account of themselves. The
full pedigree of Hawkswick (brother of Sir Blundell Maple's Childwick who defeated
the great Orme) will be found elsewhere in this book. He belongs to that upright
gentleman and enterprising breeder, Hon. Henry T. Oxnard, of Los Angeles ; and that
gentleman will see to it that he has access to the very best mares in the country, one
of which is the flying filly Lux Casta, by Donovan, who ran second to Yankee in the
Futurity of 1901.

IMPORTED ESHER, by Claremont (son of Blair Athol and Coimbra) out of Una by
Dusk (or Ellington) had been a great success in Kentucky up to the time of his death,
in December, 1901. He was a fine big upstanding horse with all the Blair Athol power
and a degree of quality which he plainly inherited from the beautiful Wild Dayrell. He
got Alcedo, a winner of the Suburban of 1901 ; Judith Campbell and her brother, the
game and speedy Moharib ; Esherine, winner of the California Oaks at San Fran-
cisco ; Benson Caldwell, a winner for five seasons ; and a dozen other good ones. Esher
has several sons already in the stud but they are as yet too young to form any ade-
quate idea of their breeding capacity. His daughters should breed well for, while he
was full of good sire blood, he also has some great broodmare blood in Venison, Wild
Dayrell and Lanercost; and their daughters had over forty years ago well earned the
fame enjoyed by them as matrons. Esher died the property of that splendid specimen of
a youns: country gentleman, J. N. Camden Jr., of Kentucky.

IMPORTED ORDER affords to the student of breeding a very curious problem to con-
temnlate. He never started in a race and, amongst other mares that he served while
the property of Mr. Hal Headley, of Lexington, was Victorine by Onondaga ; and she,
like Order, was a maiden. From this union came that good horse Ornament, winner
of three Derbys at three years old and the best handicap horse in America at four. Orna-
ment is already a fairly tried sire and gets many good horses. Order also got High
Order, a very successful turf horse ; and Box, a good winner at the Atlantic seaboard
tracks against the very best of company. Box is now in the stud of Mr. W. Showalter,
of Georgetown, Scott county, Kentucky, and gives promise of becoming a good sire.

io8 The American Thoroughbred

The blood of little Order, whose dam was also the dam of the great Orme, has evi-
dently "come to stay."

STALWART AND TOPGALLANT were full brothers, imported about the same time,
both being by Sterling out of Sea Mark by Adventurer, the next dam being Sea Gull,
the dam of Beaudesert. Stalwart achieved nothing worth talking about, but Top-
gallant at once leaped into fame as the sire of Lookout, Typhoon and Algol, the latter
being as good as any in his three-year-old form and about the best of the next year
when he won the rich Wheeler Handicap at Chicago. Then came Sidney Lucas, the
best muddy-track horse that had been seen for many a day. He won the Amer-
ican Derby at Chicago, after being the fifth horse to enter the stretch, beating, among
others, the much vaunted Lieutenant Gibson, who had won the Kentucky Derby a few
weeks before. Topgallant's benefits to the American stud were many and far reach-
ing for several of his sons are making reputations as sires ; and one of his daughters,
Manola Mason, is already the dam of two such flyers as McChesney and First Mason,
both stake horses of rare individual merit.

Trustee, by Catton out of Emma by Whisker, ran third in the Derby of 1832, won
by St. Giles (also imported), the second horse being Perion by Whisker. Trustee
afterward beat Margrave, the St. Leger, winner of that year, in a race in which St.
Giles ran outside the money. Trustee was full brother to Mundig, who won the
Derby of 1835 and a half-brother to Cotherstone, who won the Two Thousand and
Derby in 1843. Mowerina, sister to Cotherstone, was the dam of West Australian,
the first to win "the triple crown," and fourth dam of Donovan, who won both the
Derby and St. Leger of 1889. So it will be seen that this is a great performing fam-
ily but not much for sires, Trustee being quite as good a one as ever came from that
of Gibside Fairy. He was imported by Commodore R. F. Stockton, U. S. A., and stood
in New Jersey. He was rather small but full of quality, aside from a rather plain
head ; and was essentially different from Mundig, who was coarse like his sire, Cat-
ton. Trustee can be safely set down as a first-class sire, having gotten Fashion,
the best performing mare of her day; Levity, the greatest mare in American his-
tory, considered as an ancestress ; Revenue, the best stallion of his day, to a cer-
tainty ; and Reube, the best gelding of his day, for he was third and close up to
Lecompte and Lexington in the fastest heat of four miles ever run up to that time.

IMPORTED SOVEREIGN should have bred better than he did. He was by the then
premier stallion of Europe (Emilius) out of the best mare for cup distances (Fleur de
Lis) that had yet appeared, with the solitary exception of the nonpariel Beeswing.
He got some good horses, but nothing like what should have been expected from his
superb breeding. From Reel he got Ann Dunn and Prioress, the latter of which
was taken to England where she won the Cesarewitch of 1857 (after a dead heat with
El Hakim and Queen Bess) and the Great Yorkshire Handicap of 1858. Sovereign
also got Charleston, who was also taken to England to run for the Ascot and Good-
wood cups, but he became a "roarer" soon after landing. Sovereign's male line
became extinct with the death of John Morgan, but some of his daughters have
bred very well, more particularly Dixie, who laid the foundation of an ample for-
tune for my good old friend, Major B. G. Thomas, of Lexington, Kentucky.

IMPORTED YORKSHIRE AND NICHOLAS were full brothers brought to this country
by R. D. Shepherd. They were by St. Nicholas, who was by Emilius out of Sea
Mew (full sister to Shoveler, who won the Oaks of 1819, and to Sailor, who won
the Derby in 1820) by Scud, thus being inbred to Beningbrough, Leviathan being in-
bred in almost a similar manner. The dam of these colts was Miss Rose by Tramp,
from a mare by Sancho (St. Leger, winner in 1804) from the Coriander mare that
produced Theodore (St. Leger, 1822) and the mighty Blacklock, male-line ancestor
of the incomparable St. Simon. I may dismiss Nicholas by saying that his only
progeny of any distinction was the black horse Tar River, who, though a trifle de-

'The American 'Thoroughbred 109

ficient in speed, gave Sue Vvashington and Nicholas the First the races of their lives.
Yorkshire was a different proposition. He won at mile heats on Tuesday and two
mile heats on Thursday and because he could not beat George Burbridge at three
mile heats the next Saturday, his owner (Com. Morgan, U. S. N.,) presented him to
Hon. Henry Clay, whose son, the late John M. Clay, bred scores of good winners
from him. Yorkshire never got a sire worthy of mention, nor did any of his sons
run well at five or six years old. His daughters bred well to everything; and one
of them, Bay Leaf, was the only American mare, up to 1890, that had dropped. three
horses to win races in England — Preakness, Rubicon and Bay Final. The Yorkshire
mares bred exceptionally well to Lexington and another great descendant of Bay
Leaf was that splendid racer and capital sire, Bramble.

IMPORTED SCYTHIAN, who won the Chester cup of 1854, was as bad a failure as
could have been expected from as well-bred a horse as he was. By Orlando (Derby
of 1844), out of a mare by Hetman Platoff (sire of a Derby winner), and her dam
the Oaks winner, Princess, one would have said "Seek no further," but he only got
two really good ones — Sympathy and Lizzie W. — full sisters and great winners in
1864. I saw Scythian shortly after his arrival and he did no^ please me. He had
good shoulders and grand quarters, two galloping ends stuck together with a very
poor middle piece. He was a very costly purchase for Mr. Robert Alexander.

Two sons of the great Isonomy have been imported to America — Hermence and
Water Level, the latter of whom is something of a disappointment. Hermence, since
he passed into the possession of Mr. O. H. Chenault, of Lexington, seems to have
made a marked improvement in himself. He got that deservedly great little horse,
Hermis, whose dam is Katy of the West, going back to Chloe Anderson, the great
grand dam of the great three-miler Norfolk, whose record made thirty-nine years ago,
is still unbeaten. Hermis has won many a good race, his three best performances
being the Brighton Cup of 1903 in the second best time recorded; the Suburban of the
present year in the second best record for that race and the best when the weights
are considered ; and the Test Handicap at Brighton Beach, in which he covered a
mile in 1 138 with 133 pounds, beating that great filly Beldame, conceding thirty
pounds to that good filly Dainty, who finished third. Hermence is one of the best
horses on earth and was imported by William Astor of New York. He is out of
the Oaks winner Thebais, by Hermit from Devotion by Stockwell, thus being in-bred
to that greatest of all English sires.

MARTENHURST ran third in the Derby of 1891, won by Common with Gouverneur
second ; and was imported into America in the fall of 1892, by Mr. Simeon G. Reed
of Pasadena, at a cost of about $13,000 up to the time he landed in California. He
made the season of 1893 at the Rancho del Paso and died at Los Angeles of pneu-
monia, as the. result of a cold contracted on a train while crossing the Tehachapi
mountains. I do not claim that he was the superior of St. Blaise, Mr. Pickwick,
Eothen or Deceiver, among the Touchstone horses imported into this country, but he
had certainly a chance to become so, had he lived. Martenhurst, at the Rancho del
Paso, served fifteen of Mr. Haggin's mares, getting thirteen foals, one of which got
crippled and was therefore never trained. Of the remainder, each one became a
winner of at least one race in good company ; and several of his get exhibited genu-
ine stake form. His death weighed heavily upon his owner, an enterprising and
large-hearted man in whose employ I had the honor to be during my days as a steam-
boat officer. Mr. Reed imported an Irish horse called Duncombe to take Marten-
hurst's place, but, while he was fairly good, he achieved no such results as could
have been reasonably expected from the great bay son of Wenlock, had he lived.
Martenhurst's dam was Hirondelle (sister to Josyan) by Adventurer, out of Lady
Langden by Kettledrum, she being the dam of the Derby winner, Sir Bevys, and of

no The American Thoroughbred

the great little stallion Hampton, the only stallion to get three winners of the Derby
since the death of Stockwell, so justly styled "The Emperor of Stallions."

Too much praise cannot be paid Mr. James B. Haggin, of California, for the spirit
of enterprise which led up to his importation, at one time, of three such stallions as
Watercress, Goldfinch and Golden Garter. The first is one of the most massive and
masculine horses ever imported, being nearly as heavy as Darebin, of whom I have
spoken elsewhere. Watercress, being a large and growthy colt, did not start at two
years old but, at three, won the Prince of Wales Stakes at Ascot and ran second in
the St. Leger, won by that marvelous mare La Fleche. In this country he has cer-
tainly distinguished himself, being the sire of Watercure, Water Boy (a great handi-
cap horse, the best of 1903), Watershed (a winner of the Cambridgeshire in Eng-
land) and Nasturtium, who was deemed good enough to send over to run for the
English Derby. In addition to these he got Headwater and a dozen other top-saw-
yers in the selling plater class. Watercress has made a great name for Rancho del
Paso and the effects of his importation will be found to be far-reaching. He comes
from the good old No. 10 family from which came Blink Bonny, Blair Athol and
Breadalbane, in England; Bonnie Scotland in America, and Anteros and Light Artil-
lery in Australia.

Goldfinch, by Ormonde, out of Thistle (dam of Common, who won the "triple
crown" of England in 1891) by Scottish Chief, is a horse to my eye. He is about
fifteen hands, three inches high, which is tall enough for any horse. He is a beau-
tiful bay and about the smoothest finished horse I can remember to have seen
anywhere. He ran several good races in England, including the New Stakes at
Ascot, one of the biggest two-year-old events in that country. After his importation
to America (he having made but one season in England) his daughter Chelandry,
out of the dam of the Derby winner Ladas, came out and won the One Thousand
Guineas, on the strength of which an offer of re-purchase was made but politely de-
clined. As sire of Tradition, by long odds the best two-year-old of 1904, regardless
of sex, Goldfinch now divides with Watercress the honors of Premiership at the big
farm on the American river.

Golden Garter, by Bend d'Or, out of Sanda (dam of the Derby winner Sanfoin,
sire of that great performer Rock Sand) by Wenlock, while he does not class with
Watercress and Goldfinch, is entitled to be called the sire of something more than
"useful" horses. Among his winners are Golden Maxim, Meehahus, "Art/vis, Girdle
and Golden Rule, all winners of $15,000 and upwards. I like a horse that has lots
of great mares in his pedigree and Golden Garter is well fortified in this respect,
for he has Beeswing and Pocahontas, dams of winners of the Two Thousand and St.
Leger ; and Miss Twickenham, Alice Hawthorne, Mineral, Rouge Rose, Marigold,
Martha Lynn and Vulture, all dams of Derby winners. Beeswing won 52 races out
of 63; Alice Hawthorne 50^ out of 68, and Vulture 32 out of 69, Beeswing being the
only animal to win the Doncaster Cup four times and the Ascot Cup twice. Golden
.Garter is half-brother to Black Sand, a great handicap horse who ran second for the
Cesarewitch in 1901 and won it, in a field of seventeen starters, in the following year.

MEDDLER, who will be gazetted as the premier sire of 1904, belonged to that rough-
and-tumble sportsman, George A. Baird, who raced under the name of "Mr. Abing-
don." He died very suddenly and, as all his horses were disqualified in the English
classic events by his death, he was sold to Mr. W. H. Forbes, of Neponset, Mass. Mr.
Forbes died about two years later and all his horses were sold, Mr. William C.
Whitney, of New York, becoming the purchaser at $55,000. Meddler started but three
times, winning all his races, but as he was of the same age with Isinglass, the greatest
money-winner the world has ever produced, it is hard to believe he could have beaten
the son of Isonomy at three years old. Meddler is by St. Gatien (Derby winner of
1884) out of Busybody (Oaks of 1884) from Spinaway (Oaks 1878) from Queen.

The American Thoroughbred

Bertha (Oaks 1863) by Kingston, being the only stallion in the world having the first
three generations, on his dam's side, as winners of the Oaks consecutively. Meddler's
rise, from tenth place in 1901 to first in 1904, is the result of Mr. Whitney's liberal
purchases of great mares between 1897 and 1900 ; and to the intelligent manner in
which the pick of these mares were mated with him. Stalwart, by Meddler out of
Melba, by imp. Mortemer, won the most money of all the three-year-old colts in 1904,
being second only to the peerless Beldame, of his own age ; and Colonial Girl a
daughter of Meddler, won the St. Louis Fair Handicap, which she was lucky to
catch on a muddy track, as Hermis, who ran second to her, would surely have beaten
her on a good day and a good track. If I live ten years longer, I hope to see an
inbred Stockwell horse, produced by mating a son of Meddler with a daughter of
imported Esher. This will give a double of the blood of Blair Athol — by long odds
the best son of Stockwell. Here will be the tabulation :

< )

O 1

Melba

Esher

! St. Gatien

Meddler •{

Mortemer

I Trill

Claremont

Una
I Dusk

( The Rover

St. Editha

*• Busybody •{

( Petrarch
I

I Spinaway
( Compeigne

Cadence
( Blair Athol
( Coimbra

f Wild Dayrell
\

\ Blair Athol
\ Edith

Kingley Vale
Miss Agnes

Lord Clifden
Laura

Macaroni
Queen Bertha

Fitz Gladiator
Maid of Hart
Nuncio
Eusebia

Lexington
Coral

\ Macaroni
j Castagnette
\ Stockwell
\ Blink Bony
| Kingston
\ Calcavella
\ Ion
\ Ellen
' Middleton

I Circassian Maid \ Lanercost
.dam's ped-igree not yet given.

This would be, in my belief, the best possible way of preserving the blood of Blair
Athol in America. A stallion so bred would be very valuable for the reason that there
would be two crosses each of Blair Athol, Marcaroni, Orlando and Newminster ; and

112 The American Thoroughbred

there would be five crosses of Touchstone and four of Birdcatcher, two horses now
nearly fifty years dead. There would be three crosses of Gladiator, the best horse ever
sent to France ; and eight of Blacklock whose male line is now at the head of the
English turf, through Galopin, St. Simon and two sons of the latter, each of whom has
headed the list of England's winning sires. There would be a horse inbred to my
liking because, outside of their descent from Blair Athol, nothing could be more unlike
than Esher and Meddler. Who will be the first one to try this experiment?

BEN STROME, imported, headed the list of Winning Sires in America for 1903 by
a very narrow margin but has already shown himself an exceptional sire of spee<1.
His get are mostly partial to short courses but he got that great colt Highball, owned
by Walter M. Scheftel, of New York, who won the American Derby at Chicago with
him. Highball broke his leg, a few weeks afterwards, which necessitated his being
killed. This was particularly distressing as Highball was the only really game horse
that Ben Strome ever got. Ben Strome was by the Derby winner, Bend d'Or, his dam
being Strathfleet by Scottish Chief, she being a full sister to Highland Fling, dam of
that good horse Saraband. This is the No. 14 family of Bruce Lowe's system, being
also that of Touchstone, Leamington, Macaroni and Darebin. Therefore I regard Ben
Strome as the most eligible horse in America for mares having a double cross of the
well-beloved Leamington. He is an old horse, just twenty, for which reason the early
death of his only good staying son, Highball, must be regarded as a public misfortune.
The fact that Ben Strome never got a decent selling-plater in England ; and that he
rose to be a premier sire in America, only serves to emphasize more strongly what I
have already said about American breeding being more or less of a lottery.

KANTAKA, by Scottish Chief out of Seclusion (Hermit's dam) carries on his first
two crosses, the impress of a good broodmare sire but nothing more. He got Meadow-
thorpe, Time Maker and a great many more exceedingly useful horses, but nothing
that can be called great. As both his sire and his dam's sire were good broodmare
sires and distinctly female-line horses, I have no hesitation in recommending daughters
of Kantaka for the foundation of new breeding studs throughout the United States,
especially where a male line descendant of Galopin is installed as premier sire, Galopin
having gotten Donovan (largest money winner up to 1892) from a daughter of
Scottish Chief. Several sons of St. Simon from Scottish Chief mares, have also per-
formed well.

We have been both fortunate and unfortunate in our importations of foreign-bred
horses. We got the best son of Sultan in Glencoe ; the best of Faugh-a-Ballagh in
Leamington ; the best son of West Australian in Millington, afterwards called Aus-
tralian • and the best son of Compeigne in Mortemer. On the other hand, "the enter-
taining fact remains" that we never got a really good son of Tramp, Touchstone, Stock-
well, Rataplan, Birdcatcher or Newminster, six truly great stallions whose fame as
sires covered a period of over sixty years. Look over our successful horses in America
— Billet, Bonnie Scotland, Glenelg and Buckden — and then go back to England for the
female tail lines of those horses. Just see how many sires you will find. Take even
Sir Modred — the greatest horse ever imported if you count by the number or races
won, instead of money values — and what do you find in that No. 17 family, for sires?
Only Pantaloon in England, Yattendon in Australia, and Verneuil in France. Hence
the intelligent reader will coincide with me that breeding in America is a great lottery
and the selection of yearlings for stake entries, a still greater one. This kind of read-
ing may not be pleasing to some of my readers, as I am already aware, but it is "the
frozen truth" and I would rather be considered a candid man than a great one. People
may affect to dislike you because you are plain and blunt in your utterances, but they
are sure to have a certain amount of secret respect for you when your back is turned.

The importation of Derby winners in the United States has been, generally speak-
ing, disastrous to all concerned. The only exceptions to the rule were Diomed,

'The American Thoroughbred //j>

winner of the first Derby and St. Blaise who won it in 1883. Diomed got one great
race horse, Ball's Florizel, who won seven straight races without defeat. He also got
that incomparable stallion Sir Archy, who while not as good a turf horse as Florizel,
was the best native sire from 1810 to 1860. Diomed also got Duroc, a big and coarse
horse whose sole fame was from his being the sire of the unbeaten American Eclipse.
There were two crosses of Duroc in Nantura, dam of the great Longfellow. The
triumphs of Sir Archy in the stud were without any previous parallel, getting four
such sires as Timoleon, Virginian, Sir Charles and Henry; and Sir Archy's daughters
showed, if possible, greater merits than his sons for they made reputations for a great
many other stallions. Sir Archy must have been1 a pretty good race-horse also, for his
owner challenged all America to match him at four-mile heats in 1810, a defiance
which met with no response. Nevertheless, I have always been disposed to credit
a great portion of Sir Archy's excellence to his dam Castianira by Rockingham, out of
Tabitha by Trentham; and both those sires — Rockingham and Trentham — got winners
of the Oaks, while Diomed, notwithstanding his prestige as the first Derby winner,
never got a single classic winner and is only known to the best English breeders as a
broodmare sire. He got Young Giantess, the dam of Sorcerer and grand-dam of
Phantom and Priam, both Derby winners and good sires. Up to 1850 Priam was the
only horse, save Waxy, to get three winners of the Oaks.

St. Blaise, however, made a mark for himself that is not easily obliterated. He
got 'Potomac, one of the only two horses to win the Futurity at two years old and the
Realization at three ; La Tosca, by ten pounds the best filly of her day ; St. Florian, a
great two-year-old and a fair sire ; St. Carlo, who was undoubtedly "pulled" in the
Futurity and since a capital sire; St. Maxim, Prince of Monaco, St. Julien, Magnet
(now in Australia), Belisarius (winner of over 100 races) and forty or fifty other
good ones. He was sold at the death of his importer, the elder Belmont, after which
he achieved but little in the stud as his new owner, who paid $100,000 for him at
auction, neglected to purchase the mares to whom St. Blaise owed so much of his
success. His daughters are breeding well as a rule, one of them being the dam of that
great performer Bannockburn. ,

The following is a list of the Derby winners imported to the United States, to-
gether with the years they were foaled, viz :

Archduke ...1706 Eagle 1795 Priam 1827 St. Giles 1820,

Uiomed 1777 John Bull ...1789 Saltram 1780 Sir Harry ...I7Q5

Lapdog 1823 St. Blaise . . .1880

PRIAM got many winners but inflicted an almost irreparable injury upon the stock
of America as he was very light under the knee and had bad legs, in addition to
which most of his get were knee-tied. His best was Monarch
whom he got before leaving England. Monarch won ten races with-
out defeat but carefully avoided meeting Boston, who was then Jhe champion
of the Atlantic Seaboard; and Wagner who was equally the best in the Mississippi
Valley States. Monarch was a good broodmare sire.

The reader can, therefore, see for himself that the Australians in importing no
Derby winners and only one winner of the St. Leger, "builded wiser than they knew."
They let us import all the Derby winners we wanted ; and those chiefly after the English
breeders had them tried and found wanting. They imported their stallions and mares,
exclusively with a regard to heavy bone and ability to carry weight. I believe that the
Australians breed as good horses as ours, but not as many of them ; and we breed as
good horses as are to be found in England, but not so many as they do. Moreover,
the English, and Australians — and the French, too, for that matter — have a heavier
scale of weights than ours which is a great benefit. Our light weight system throws
many good riders out of employment for, just as soon as a boy gets so that he becomes
a really great rider, he becomes too heavy to do the weight. In 1890 I was at a meeting

//</ The American Thoroughbred

at Melbourne where the crack jockey, Tom Hales, now dead and gone to an honest
man's just reward, had an average of two mounts per day; and he was then hugging
the lee shore of fifty pretty closely and could not ride at less than 122 pounds. Given
such a scale of weights here as prevail there, and our crack jockeys would be retained
in the saddle for several years longer than is the case at present.

Lexington certainly got two great stake horses where either Leamington or Bonnie Scot-
land got one, they being his principal competitors at that period. Nor was it till after Lexing-
ton was dead that Bonnie Scotland was transferred to Belle Meade and given the first
fair chance of his life; and even then, poor old Bonnie was 23 years old. In all other
years these great sires were buried alive, one in Pennsylvania and the other first in
Ohio and then in Iowa, two states where there are but few thoroughbred mares ;
and the same was true of Balrownie, in a less degree, who was sent to Boston where
he did not average a half-dozen thoroughbred mares each year. Granted that Leam-
ington and bonnie Scotland could have been sent to Kentucky on their arrival and kept
there till death, I seriously doubt if Lexington would have headed the list more than six
years. Yet he was about the most uniform breeder that I ever heard of, in America or
elsewhere. And the reader must remember that in 1870 when Lexington headed the
list with $120,360, the big moneyed events were for three-year-olds and not for two-
year-olds, as at present. And for all that, with four such colts as Longfellow, En-
quirer,. Lyttleton and Hamburg to run for him, Leamington had to take second place to
the white-legged son of Boston and Alice Carneal.

From 1850 to 1859, when Hanover first gained the top of the tree in America,
no stallion under 15 years old had ever headed the list, save Lexington, who w'a's
eleven in 1861, his first year of premiership. In 1902 came a smashing of the slate
when' "Augie" Belmont's fine horse Hastings, was first at nine years of age, as against
eleven for Stockwell, eleven for Newminster and ten for Orlando, in their first years
of premiership in England. It is a strange thing that a horse of such marvelous
prepotency as Lexington should never have gotten a sire above the second class, but
such is the stubborn and ineffaceable fact. The elder Belmont bred over $25,000 worth
of imported mares to Lexington in the hope of getting his equal as a sire ; and the
best he got was Kingfisher who, though great as a sire of broodmares, was barely out
of the third class as a sire of winners. And the same amount of money expended now
would not buy half as many mares. And yet I repeat what I said in another part of
this work — that, during Lexington's lifetime there was not a year after 1862 that a man
could not buy ten of his yearlings, with a positive certainty that at least three of
them would turn out stake-winners, something that has not since been true of any
other stallion, whether native or imported. How the male line of such a wonderfully
prepotent sire ever came to be threatened with total extinction, as is now the case,
passes my comprehension.

I herewith append a table of the largest American winners at two years old, be-
ginning in 1879 with Sensation (brother to Onondaga) who was the first of that age to
w-in even $10,000.

Sensation $ 20,250 Potomac* $ 78,460

Spinaway 16,250 His Highness 109,400

Onondaga 17,960 Morello 5S,26o

George Kinney I7,37O Domino 180,085

Wanda 35,745 Butterflies 54,690

Gen. Harding 16,635 Requital* 58,615

Ban Fox 22,940 Ogden Imp 53,255

Tremont 40,085 L'Alouette 42,290

Emperor of Norfolk 37,O20 Martimas 43,565

Proctor Knott 69,780 Mesmerist 49>I52

Chaos 63,55O Commandot 40,862

* Won the Futurity; t won th; Matron Stakes.

T'he American ^hor-oughbred

Of these Domino was clearly the best as he was never beaten. Next to him, \\\
my opinion, came Potomac, Morello and Requital, all great performers at three. The
two worst that ever won this race were L'Alouette and Chaos, neither of which were
of any class afterwards. His Highness was a great two-year-old but a great dis-
appointment at three. Chacornac won the Futurity in Mesmerist's year ; Ballyhoo
Bey in Commando's year, but it was only worth $33,500 in that year. In the past four
years the Futurity winners have been Yankee by Hanover; Savable by Salvator; Ham-
burg Belle and Artful by Hamburg, both of them comparatively light weighted. Tra-
dition is a head and shoulders the best two-year-old of either sex in this year, as
was Irish Lad in 1^:02. It will be seen that, in the above given list of champion two-
year-olds, imported Leamington was the only sire to get three and no other horse save
the native-bred Hamburg got two. I append a table of largest winners of any age
between 1870 and 1892, inclusive, as several of the horses therein named are still
living.

1870 — Kingfisher, 3 $ 25,750

1871 — Harry Bassett, 3 34,250

1872 — Joe Daniels, 3 25,350

1873 — Tom Bowling, 3 27,150

1874 — Vandalite, 3 23,760

1875— Aristides, 3 15,750

1876— Vigil, 4 25,790

1897 — Bazil, 3 22,150

1878 — Duke of Magenta, 3 35,295

1879— Spendthrift, 3 23,425

1880 — Luke Blackburn, 3 46,975

1881 — Hindoo, 3 49,160

* Winners of the Realization Stakes.

1882— Pearl Jennings, 3 $ 28,850

1883 — Miss Woodford, 3 5M20

1884— Wanda, 2 35,745

1885— Wanda, 3 3»,38o

1886— The Bard, 3 42,827

1887— Hanover, 3 89,825

1888— Proctor Knott, 2 69,780

1889— Salvator, 3* 71,380

1890 — Tournament, 3* 89,755

1891 — His Highness, 2 109,400

1892 — Tammany, 3* , 73,3IQ

Between this and the present writing, "there is a great gulf fixed" for during the
present year (and the season not yet closed) nine horses have won upwards of $40,000
in purses and stakes, as follows :

NAME. SIRE. DAM. AMOUNT WON.

Delhi, 3 Ben Brush Veva $77,355-00

Ort Wells, 3 King Eric Tea's Over 69,395.00

Tanya Meddler* Handspun 58,635.00

Stalwart Meddler* Melba 57,110.00

Artful Hamburg Martha II , 53,975-OO

Tradition Goldfinch* Reclare 43,698.00

Broomstick Ben Brush Elf* 40,120.00

Colonial Girl Meddler Springtide 48,635.00

Beldame Octagon Bella Donna 49,995.00

* Bred in England.

This gives the reader some accurate idea as to how the "Sport of Kings" has
progressed in America. Of course, there were two stakes valued at over $40,000
to the winner — the World's Fair Handicap at St. Louis and the Great Republic at
Saratoga — that are not to be renewed next year. So the figures at the close of 1905,
which I pray I may be permitted to see, are not likely to be so large as those of the
current year. Meddler's showing is something enormous, having three winners of
over $45,000.00, a result attained by no other sire in the turf history of Amerioa.
Outside of the above we find the following horses that have won over $20,000.00 up
to September 20th :

i it> The American Thoroughbred

NAME. SIRE. AMOUNT WON.

Highball Ben Strome* $33,990.00

English Lad Requital . . .' 27,825,00

Flyback Requital 26.335.00

Song and Wine Goldfinch* 24,105.00

De Reske Lamplighter 26,820.00

Hermis Hermence* 31,725.00

Dainty Golden Garter* 20,795.00

Bryn Mawr Atheling* 20,020.00.

* Bred in England.

With nine horses that have won $40,000 and upwards in a single season, and
eight more that have won over $20,000, the season of 1904 can safely be set down as
the best in the history of the American turf. To make it so hereafter, all owners,
rich and poor alike, must be held accountable for the running of their horses ; and
the discipline of each track should be made equal in its bearing by the magisterial
officers selected for the enforcement thereof. The great Admiral Rous once declared
that "All men are equal on the turf — or under it," an axiom of which judges aind
stewards should never lose sight. Justice should be tempered with mercy wherever
the attendant circumstances will permit; and the discipline of the track should never
be so rigid as to border upon the tyrannical. In fact, the motto of all judges, when
entering upon their official duties should be, "the greatest good to the greatest num-
ber." If they will only remember this, racing will prosper and continue to prosper.
But the rights of the betters must be protected at all hazards. As long ias book-
makers have to pay $20 per race for the privilege of booking, just so long will they
have a "pull" on the judge's stand. Once cut it down to the rates paid in England
and Australia, which is five pounds per quarter, and the stewards will take no notice
of them or their claims.

The two latest importations of any note are Marius II and Solitaire, two horses
brought over by Mr. H. Eugene Leigh, of Kentucky, who sold them to Mr. Adolph
B. Spreckels, of San Francisco, shortly after landing. These horses were both good
performers and superb individuals, imparting their great quality to their progeny to
such an extent that twenty head of their get sold in New York in September for
$26.000, an average of $1,300 each. Two of the get of Solitaire sold for $5,000 each,
which was a tremendous price, to my idea. They were the get of a horse which, how-
ever good he may have been on the turf, was wholly untried as a sire. The logical
inference is, therefore, that they sold on their looks and on their breeding, which was not
to be surpassed on either side. After ten years wasted on a lot of worthless Australian
sires that had "left their country for their country's good,' Mr. Spreckles is now on
the high road to success.

The American Thoroughbred 117

OUR NATIVE SIRES

Of all native stallions, since racing in America was first founded, Lexington was
easily the best. He headed the list of winning sires for eleven seasons, as against
nine for St. Simon in England and seven each for Stockwell and Hermit. No other
stallion on American soil ever approached this record, Sir Archy and Glencoe being
next to him with five seasons, and Leamington, Glenelg and Hanover each four. And
in 1870, when Lexington was twenty years old, he had to the credit of his progeny
more money than Hanover had in his best season, with Hanover only eleven years
old and the public money to be won worth nearly three times what it was in 1870.
I do not think that Lexington bred as much class as did Leamington, for it is very
doubtful if he ever got as good a horse as Longfellow, leaving Enquirer (who dis-
tanced Longfellow the only time they ever met) and Iroquois (who won the Derby,
Prince of Wales' Stakes and St. Leger in England) entirely out of the question.
Lexington's best horse was Tom Bowling and, at two miles, I believe he was the best
colt ever foaled in America, but I should not have cared to start him against Long-
fellow (granting they had been contemporary, which they were not) at any longer
distance. There is no doubt that Longfellow and Harry Bassett ran the first mile
of their Cup race at Saratoga in 1:40; and some watches made it as low as I :^gVz,
but being a race of two and a quarter miles, it did not count as a record. Of the get
of Lexington I place Tom Bowling, Harry Bassett, Duke of Magenta, Kingfisher,
Norfolk, Wanderer and Asteroid in the order named. It is exceedingly to be re-
gretted that Lexington left no son worthy to perpetuate his laurels. Considered as
sires, I must place War Dance first, Kingfisher second, Norfolk third and close behind
them Asteroid, Pat Malloy, Jack Malone and Wanderer. Norfolk's only really great
performers were exclusively the offspring of one mare, Marian, whose produce won
over $240,000 in purses and stakes. As a broodmare sire, Lexington overtops all other
horses of the Century, nearly all the best winners by six different imported stallions —
all of dissimilar breeding, such as Leamington, Glenelg, Bonnie Scotland, Billet,
Buckden and Australian, being from Lexington mares. I hold him superior to Mel-
bourne. Pantaloon, Touchstone and Stockwell, in this respect. This is easily explained
by the fact that his daughters were all great milkers and their foals were all, when
weaned, the making of strong and upstanding horses. His sons have all done well
as broodmare sires ; War Dance, Kingfisher and Norfolk having shown exceptional
excellence in this respect. There is this always to be said about Lexington : while he
was alive, a man could always go to one of Mr. Robert Alexander's sales and purchase
ten yearlings with the certainty that at least three of them would turn out stake-
horses, barring unforseen accidents ; and that is something not true of any other
stallion, native or imported, with the ipossible exception of St. Blaise, during the life-
time of the elder August Belmont. ^ After his death, the battle began to waver and
the English Derby winner of 1883 went down to undeserved obscurity. Lexington
was sixteen when he got Kingfisher; seventeen when he got Harry Bassett; nineteen
when he got Tom Bowling, the best of all his progeny ; and twenty-six when he headed
the list of winning sires for the last time, for he died in that same year, "Full of years
and full of honors."

Leonatus, by Longfellow out of Semper Felix (grand dam also of that great

n8 The American Thoroughbred

performer, Longstreet) must rank about even with The Bard among the sons of Long-
fellow and superior to all the others. He was foaled in 1880 and won the Kentucky
Derby at three years old, with Drake Carter and Cardinal McCloskey as the two
placed horses in the race. He lost one race at two years old, but was never beaten
afterwards. I have heard people say he never won a really fast race, which is true,
but he beat two horses that were afterwards record-breakers, notably Drake Carter,
whose three-mile race, in 5 -.24, is still unbeaten. The truth is, he carried his horses
so fast in the fore part of his races, that he left them nothing with which to finish.
Leonatus was never a premier sire, but always a prominent one. He got Libertine,
whose mile on a circular track was the record up to the current year, when Hermis
lowered it to i :38 with 133 pounds up. He also got Pink Coat, winner of two Derbys.
From 1893 to 1899 he was a very conspicuous sire, getting an average of $45,000 worth
of good winners every year ; and it was a fitting end for so great a horse that, on the
very day of his death, his son Pink Coat won the American Derby at Washington
Park, while another son, Tillo, carried off the Suburban Handicap at Coney Island
from a select field consisting of Bannockburn, Warrenton and ten other good ones.
Leonatus came from the No. 12 family to which trace Lexington and Vandal.

BRAMBLE, by Bonnie Scotland out of Ivy Leaf by Australian, from Bayflower by
Lexington, is one of the native stallions well to be remembered, because he not only
got winners but sires as well, his son Ben Brush being already accredited with the
largest amount ever placed opposite the name of any American horse of his age.
Bramble got Prince of Melbourne, winner of the Brighton Cup and Realization Stakes ;
Ben Brush, winner of the Kentucky and Latonia Derbys at three and the Suburban
Handicap at four ; Lou Bramble, winner of the Latonia Oaks ; and Clifford, winner
of a score of great races and already prominent as a sire; and in addition to these
had always to his credit about forty thousand dollars at the close of each and every
season. Just why General Jackson ever sold him and retained Luke Blackburn, is
one of the mysteries I have never yet been able to unravel.

GRINSTEAD, bay horse foaled 1871 and gotten by Gilroy out of Sister to Ruric by
imported Sovereign, was one of the best sires of his day, and to my way of think-
ing, the best sire that ever came from the male line of Lexington. He won several
good races at three years old and was sold at four to Mr. Elias J. Baldwin, of
Santa Anita, in Los Angeles County, California. He was a marked success from the
first, his best performers being from daughters of Virgil and imported Glenelg,
selected for him by the late Lewis R. Martin. Grinstead's get ran well everywhere
but seemed to have a lingering love for the Washington Park Course near Chicago.
The following table shows the number of stakes won by his get in ten years, be-
ginning with 1885 :

American Derby* 2 Sheridan* I

Drexel Stakes* 2 Boulevard Handicap* 2

Gazelle Stakest ] St. Louis Railway Plate i

Hyde Park* I Saratoga Cup I

Hunter Stakest i Louisville Cup I

Kentucky Stakes 2 Latonia Grand Prize I

Ladies' Stakes i Westchester Handicap i

* At Chicago; t at Coney Island.

In addition to the above, the progeny of Grinstead ran second once for the
American Derby, Clipsetta Stakes at Cincinnati, Drexel Stakes, twice for the Hyde
Park, and once for the U. S. Hotel Stakes at Saratoga. His daughters, the most mag-
nificent looking herd of mares I ever saw in a single ownership, were never mated with
a horse that was their equal. His sons, Gano and Volante, were both fairly good in
the stud, Gano being the sire of Argentina, Wrheel of Fortune and Gladiola; and
there are but few stallions that get three such good fillies as they were. He also got

'•The American Thoroughbred

Galindo, a grey colt that won one of the big handicaps at Jerome Park twice. Ga-
lindo was out of Freda by Wildidle from Frolic by Thunder (brother to Lightning and
Lancaster) from imported Siskin by Muscovite, thus uniting the blood of Lexington
and Vandal's dam with two very strong crosses of Blacklock, through Tranby and
Brutandorf. Volante won thirty-six races in all and generally in good company ; and
got the dam of that great horse, The Picket, who won the American Derby of 1903.

SALVATOR has done fairly well only when we consider how he was favored at the
Rancho del Paso, where he stood until 1902. He got the cream of the matrons at that
farm, to the neglect of all others save Sir Modred ; and still his son's win, in the
Futurity of 1903, was about the only thing to call any marked degree of attention to
him. 1 have heard men say he was not bred right for a sire, but that is the sheerest
of rot. Salvator came from a No. 12 mare, his female tail-line being that of Lexing-
ton, Vandal, Luke Blackburn, Strathmore, Grinstead, Ornament and a dozen other
sires of over-average merit. I saw Salvator at the Rancho del Paso, just after he
had come out of training. He was in fairly good flesh but not so fat as to obliterate
his magnificent conformation, and I may have seen a more perfectly formed horse
but cannot remember where.

TENNY, by imported Rayon d'Or, out of Belle of Maywood, won the Brooklyn
Handicap of 1891 with the top-weight. As a sire he was good but not great. Taking
him as the trial horse between Salvator and Longstreet, I am compelled to pronounce
the latter the better performer as he beat Tenny always from two to three lengths,
whereas Salvator had all he could do to beat Tenny a neck. Moreover, Longstreet
won thirty races in all, winning more of them at five years old than Salvator ever
won in his whole career. That settled it, to my notion.

INSPECTOR B. I cannot compare with Falsetto as the representative son of En-
quirer, but you cannot wholly ignore a horse that gets two such performers as (jeorgc
F. Smith and Endurance by Right. I have seen but few stallions I liked better than
Inspector B, who was, after Hanover and Hindoo, as good a horse as ever wore the
Dwyer colors. He always reminded me of that magnificent horse, Tirailleur, by
Musket out of imported Florence Macarthy by Macaroni, that was killed in a bumping
match over the Melbourne Cup of 1892. I had an option on him at $15,000 for a gen-
tleman of San Francisco, to be delivered after that race ; and I think now they are
sorry they did not scratch him before the race. A comparatively worthless gelding ran
into him, knocking him to his knees; and when he got up, his foreleg was found to be
broken, so that the intervention of the "friendly bullet" became a necessity.

JIM GORE is not to be overlooked, either, for, while he does not compare with
Hanover as a sire, he is the next best son of Hindoo and was really preferable to Han-
over on the score of getting a sounder and better class of horses. Jim Gore was on
the Barcaldine order of architecture, a big horse on short legs. He belonged to my
good friend, Col. W. S. Barnes, of the Melbourne Stud, for whose recent misfortunes
no sincere man could help feeling the very deepest of sympathy. I don't know who
owns him now.

MACDUFF, by imported Macaroon out of Jersey Lass by imported King Ernest,
was clearly one of the neglected sires of the past fifteen years. He got a Kentucky
Derby winner in Macbeth, who won it in 1887 and was 19 years old when he got that
speed marvel McChesney, one of the five greatest handicap horses of the past decade.
Suppose John McGurk did beat him in the Great Western Handicap? You could
handicap Ormonde till a donkey could run over him and kill him. Now that our
horses are becoming nearly as badly inbred to Eclipse as are those of England, the
need of as good a Herod horse as Macduff is very apparent to me. He came from the
line of Partisan.

FALSETTO, a great race-horse and quite as noted as a sire, is one of the best of the
second generation of the Leamingtons. He was bred by the late Hunt Reynolds, near

120 'The American thoroughbred

Frankfort ; and was by Enquirer out of Farfaletta by imported Australian, from Elk-
horna by Lexington, from Glencona, the next dam being by Imported Envoy, a son
of Memnon, who won the St. Leger of 1825. Falsetto ran second to Lord Murphy in
the Kentucky Derby and won nearly every other event for which he started, beating
the great Spendthrift in both the Travers and Kenner Stakes at Saratoga, as easily
as Spendthrift beat everything else. On his retirement to the stud Falsetto showed
such evident power as a sire that Robert Alexander bought him of Pierre Lorillard
for the then famous Woodburn stud, now gone out of existence. Falsetto got Dew
Drop, the best filly of her day, for whom the Dwyers paid the then enormous price
of $29,000 at auction. He goes down to history as the sire of Chant and The Picket,
winners of the Kentucky Derby, getting the latter horse at 24 years of age ; Patron,
winner of the Belmont Stakes and the Brooklyn Derby; and Counter Tenor and
Kenwood, winners of the Carlton Stakes at Gravesend; Gallifet, winner of the Clark
Stakes at Louisville ; Jennie T, winner of the Clipsetta at Latonia ; Miss Dixie, winner
of the Kentucky Oaks ; Fordham, winner of the Nursery at Jerome Park and sold
to Germany for $20,000; Bright Phoebus, winner of the Realization of 1895; Port-
chester, winner of the Tidal Stakes at Coney Island, and Bob L, winner of the Tobacco
Stakes at Latonia. Few horses get as many stake-winners as did the old white-faced
brown horse that died at Louisville last August.

ONONDAGA, brother to Stratford and Sensation, got many good winners, having
to his credit the winners of no less than 169 races in 1892, his get being also 161 times
second and 153 times third. Iroquois was premier in that year with $179,477 to his
credit, but he did not make any such showing as Onondaga in the matter of races
won, but Onondaga had $107,082 to his credit in money in that year, being fifth on the
list. His daughters have outbred those of any other son of Leamington, barring
Enquirer and Longfellow.

SENSATION was never the equal of Onondaga and never got anything but selling
platers till Mr. Lorillard sent a lot of his youngsters to England to be trained. In the
season of 1897, Sensation had in England the winners of £7,345 ; and in 1889, chiefly
through the victories of Democrat, and Doninie, he was second on the list of winning
sires to Orme, having the winners of £12,096. In that year Orme had to his credit
£32,938, of which £23,175 was contributed by Flying Fox, now owned in France.
Sensation got the dam of Jean Beraud, the best American three-year-old of 1898, while
others of his daughters have bred well but not equal to those of Onondaga.

HIMYAR, for one season, beat all native American sires and imported ones as
well, having to his credit, in 1893, the enormous sum of $246,382, of which $171,730
was won by Domino and $10,995 by Domino's full sister, Correction. This was a larger
.sum than had been won by the get of any other sire on earth, barring StockwelL
Hermit never equalled it, nor did St. Simon until 1890 when Diamond Jubilee carried
off "the triple crown." But if you will add to what his get won in the United States,
what the get of Sir Dixon won in England and France in 1901, you will find Sir Dixon
considerably ahead of Himyar. However that may be, Himyar stands considerably
in front of St. Blaise, Iroquois and Longfellow, they being the only others to get'
winners of over $180,000 in America for any given season. Himyar comes from the
No. 2 family, which produced Voltigeur, Harkaway and the ineffaceable Blacklock;
and his male line, through Alarm (American), Eclipse and Orlando, ranks second
only to those of Sultan and Partisan, being a long way the speediest of all the
Touchstone blood. If you doubt it, read the two-year-old races won by the progeny
of Orlando. In 1897 Major B. G. Thomas, who bred and owned Himyar, got into
trouble through endorsements of notes for some personal friends and was obliged to
sell his horses. The late Mr. Edward S. Gardner, of Nashville, wrote to me to ask
what he ought to bid on them; and I replied "Himyar $2,500 and Mazetto $5,000."

The American Thoroughbred 121

He got his money back long ago and the grand old son of Alarm is still alive though
nearly thirty years old.

EOLUS, by imported Leamington, was called "the bull-dog of the turf" while he
was racing. He was a small horse, but then he was out of a very small mare, Fanny
Washington, also dam of Scathelock, by Eclipse. Eolus had to his credit the fastest
third heat of two miles ever run in America, he being compelled to run eight miles
in all to win the race. He did not get so many winners nor so much money won
as did Enquirer, Longfellow, Onondaga or Iroquois, but he bred quite as much cla,ss
as any of them, for neither of them ever got so good a horse at two or three as was
Eolus' son Morello. Nor in my belief did any one of the above quartette ever get
two such four-year-olds as Eole and his brother, St. Saviour. They certainly did not
from any one mare. Eole was sent to England to run for the Ascot Gold Cup and
horsemen of intelligence, like "Eph" Snediker, do not send horses three thousand
miles across the ocean without knowing what they can do. Knight of Ellerslie, by
Eolus-Lizzie Hazelwood, is the only one of his sons that has achieved much at the
stud; and his only really notable winner was that beautiful little chestnut, Henry of
Navarre, who was not, unfortunately, entered in any stake races of importance at
two years old, but made his mark at three and five, winning the Suburban cleverly
at the latter age. He has not been much of a success in the stud as yet, but there
are certainly good chances ahead of him.

The reader will think I have overlooked Ben Brush if I do not mention him right;
here and now. That a horse eleven years old should have $150,000 to his credit in
his third year on the Winning Sires' list, is something remarkable. The only stallion
ahead of him in 1904 is the imported horse Meddler and he only beats him through
his daughter Colonial Girl, having won the St. Louis Handicap. Had the day been
fine and tihe track fast, Hermis would have won beyond all shadow of a doubt; and
that would have given Hermence the credit of first money while Ben Brush would
have retained the lead among sires. Mr. Keene told me he bought Ben Brush to win
the Suburban with him and did so. He certainly found him a very valuable purchase
after his racing days were ended. Since the above was written a sale has been held
in New York, at which Meddler was sold for $ 55,000 and Hamburg for $70,000; and
at the same sale Mr. Keene paid $14,000 each for two imported mares to breed
to Ben Brush.

HAMBURG, for which Mr. Whitney paid $60,000 at the dispersal sale of Marcus
Daly's horses, sold for an advance of $10,000 on that figure, last Monday night (October
loth) in New York, Mr. James R. Keene having bid* $60,000 for him. This is the
highest price ever paid for any horse, mare or gelding, bred in America. Hamburg
comes from a great performing family but it was no great sire family until he and
Domino came along. But since Domino got a winner of the English Oaks and a
horse that won $12,500 in second and third moneys before he won a race ; and since
Hamburg has gotten two winners of the Futurity Stakes in consecutive years, in
addition to one of them having won the Brighton Oaks at three, this No. 23 family
can be set down safely as a sire family, so far as America is concerned, at least. We
are not likely to find a much better one for some time. From this family also came
Lecompte, by Boston out of Reel (of which great mare Hamburg has two crosses) by
Glencoe. And Lecompte was the sire of Umpire, who won eighteen good races in
England, in the colors of Mr. Richard Ten Broeck, now some twelve years dead.

KINGSTON, by Spendthrift, out of Kapanga (imported) by Victorious, must be
considered as one of the first of American horses whether as a turf horse or a sire,
for he has been one of the first ten on the list ever since his get came on the 'turf;
and in 1900 he was premier sire of America with $116,368 written apposite his name.
In 1887 he made his first appearance at the New York tracks and Frank McCabe, who
trained for the Dwyer Bros., persuaded those gentlemen to buy him, for fear he might

122 The American Thoroughbred

beat the great Hanover, then the best of American three-year-olds. They acted on
his advice and bought him, after which he proved a veritable gold mine to them. He
started in 132 races, of which he won 87, being 30 times second, 10 times third and 5
times unplaced. He campaigned for nine seasons, his total winnings in purses and
stakes being $114,757; and in his first seven seasons he was outside the money just
once ! He covered a mile and a quarter in 2 :o6j/2 with 122 Ibs. and in 2 '.07^2 with 126
Ibs; a mile and three-sixteenths in 2:00^4 with 102 Ibs. at three years old; the Futurity
course (170 feet short of six furlongs) with 139 Ibs. in 1:08; and seven furlongs in
i -.26 with 126 Ibs. up.

If this does not show him to have been a first-class racehorse, I do not know the
meaning of that term. His largest winnings were at seven years old $20,655, but he
got as his share over $15,000 in four other years. He stood his first season at
McGrathiana, but was subsequently sold for $10,000 to James R. Keene, Esq., at
whose Castleton farm he still remains, in charge of that past-master in the art of
mating mares, Major Foxhall Daingerfield. He got Ballyhoo Bey, winner of the
Futurity in igop ; King's Courier, winner of the Doncaster Cup and several other
good races in England ; and many other horses of undeniable class. That he is the
best American-bred horse of Matchem's male line, goes without saying. In color he
is a dark brown with tan nose and flanks, standing about 155/2 hands high, but with
back and loins strong enough for an elephant. His girth, now that he is in the
high flesh usual among covering stallions, cannot be much less than 6 feet, 8 inches.
He measures 8j4 inches under the knees, which accounts satisfactorily for his great
durability as a campaign horse. His possibilities as a sire might be increased, were
it not for the fact that all the stallions at Castleton are kept exclusively for the
owner's use.

ORNAMENT, by imported Order, has strongly and surely worked his way to the
front. He is but eleven years old and has already made a mark for himself as a
worthy exponent of Stockwell's male line. He won three Derbys and a capital race
for the Brooklyn Handicap, run in the mud in 2:10, beating Ben Holladay, 5 years, 121
pounds; Sly. Fox, 3, 92; Tillo, 4, 118; Don de Oro, 4, 113; Senper Ego, 5, 107; Ogden,
4, 109, and On Deck, 4, 119. Ornament was fifth at the half-mile and second to Sly
Fox at the head of the stretch, so it will be seen that he won purely on his gameness.
The race was worth $7,800. When we consider that Ben Holladay was considered the
best long-distance horse between 1895 and 1900, the fact that Ornament gave him a year
and six pounds is something to cause careful men to put on their studying-caps. And
yet the obstinate fact still remains that Ornament was by a maiden and out of a maiden.
Was it because they were raced too much that Rataplan, Lanercost, Charles XII and
Vedette, never headed the list of sires in England ; or that neither Hindoo, Salvator nor
The Bard ever topped the ranks in America? I believe that every stallion should
either be emasculated or withdrawn from the turf at the end of five years.

KILMARNOCK is the horse to whom the breeding public naturally looks as the
most fitting successor to Sir Dixon. Being out of Miss Used by The 111 Used, from
Madcap by Matador, from Fen Follet (dam of St. Florian by Kingfisher) the student
of breeding could ask for no happier combination of speed with great staying power.
He won the Alexandra Plate (3 miles) at Royal Ascot in June, 1901, and in October
of that year crossed the Channel to win the Prix de Conseil Municipale at Longchamps,
which he did with 140 pounds on him and had something to spare. This horse is one
of the No. 19 family, from which we derive Vedette, Isonomy, Lowlander, King Lud
and Fernandez in England ; and Lissak, Thunderstorm, Midlothian and Woodlands in
America. There is no better blood than this for Vedette got the great Galopin, sire of
St. Simon ; and Isonomy is the only stallion in history to get two winners of England's
triple crown. It is hard to find the speed and staying lines better balanced in any
horse than they are in Kilmarnock.

'The American Thoroughbred

123

I give here a list of some stallions who were not premiers in the two years given
below, yet were so meritorious as to demand a formal recognition as sires for the
years 1895 and 1896, they being the sires of $15,000 upwards.

1895.

NAME. AMOUNT.

Apache $ 15,810

Bishop 20,170

Blazes 18,175

Bramble 46,542

Brutus 3S,28o

Buchanan 51,290

Cheviot 44,070

Darebin 30,415

Deceiver 24,575

Duke of Montrose 25,750

Emp. of Norfolk 34,56o

Falsetto 70,767

Farandole 15,585

Faustus 24,490

Flambeau 17,4*5

Fonso 44,675

George Kinney 18,975

Harry O'Fallon 28,900

Himyar 51,9*5

Hindoo 47,250

Hyder AH 15,688

Inspectator B 15,050

Iroquois 24,805

Jils Johnson 18,235

Joe Hooker 21,530

K't of Ellerslie 17,500

Leonatus 40,9*5

Linden 22,975

Lisbon 31,447

Longfellow 22,308

Luke Blackburn 17,290

Macduff 19,315

Mariner 23,630

Midlothian 30,040

Mr. Pickwick 21,485

Onondaga 23,795

Pirate of Penzance 17,255

Rayon d'Or 25,675

Rossington 18,222

Sensation 35>235

Sir Dixon 25,435

Sir Modred 64,435

Spendthrift 47,390

Springbok 16,650

St. Blaise 35,4»2

Strathmore 45,445

The Bard i«-435

Tremont I7,7O5

Wagner 24,030

1896.

NAME. AMOUNT.

Belvidere $ 25,585

Bishop 16,346

Blazes 22,897

Bramble 66,772

Brutus 26,752

Buchanan 5°>458

Cheviot 22,127

Darebin 21,140

Deceiver 25,016

Duke of Montrose 18,512

Wildidle 20,265

Woodlands 15,5^

Emperor of Norfolk 18,832

Falsetto 44,907

Farandole 15,342

Faustus 21,072

Fonso 64,957

Fordham 17,810

Friar's Balsam 3I»I45

Gano 21,490

George Kinney • I4,295

Himyar 33,745

Hindoo 38,477

Inspector B 22,646

Iroquois 54,463

King Eric 31,040

Leonatus 34,289

Linden . . ,, i8,350

Longfellow 24,885

Onondaga 20,729

Order 35,950

Pirate of Penzance 40,034

Prince Royal 17,020

Rayon d'Or 55,68o

Rossington 27,895

Salvator 38,070

Sir Dixon 41,208

Sir Modred 52,ooo

Spendthrift 24,158

Springbok *5,432

St. Blaise 49,340

Strathmore 52,353

The Bard 21,234

Top Gallant 18,015

Tremont 20,463

Wagner 33,75O

Whistle Jacket 17,672

Woodlands 15,840

124 The American Thoroughbred

In 1895 the total amount of moneys won by the get of all stallions in America
was $3,085,523; and in 1896 it had risen to '$3,488,814- Now the amount of public
money to be won, cannot be far from $5,000,000 because there have been two $50,000
races — The Great Republic at Saratoga and the World's Fair Handicap at St. Louis —
run in the past season, whereas in 1895-96, the Futurity and Realization Stakes, both
run at Coney Island, were the only two races in America with a value exceeding $25,000.
Going back as far as 1893, we nnd thirteen stallions in that year, credited with over $50,-
ooo each won by their get, of which five were imported and eight native horses. The
showing for that year was as follows :

Himyar* (E) $246,382 Mr. Pickwick (E) 121,141

Sir Modred (H) 160,197 Spendthrift (M) 108,960

Iroquois (E) 137,875 St. Blaise (E) 100,375

Fonso (E) 88,480 Eolus (E) 64,360

Longfellow (E) $88,352 Rayon d'Or (E) 70.305

Onondaga (E) 86,917 Midlothian (E) 52,240

Harry O'Fallon (M) 86,580

* Indicates premier sire for that year.

As will be seen above, that list shows ten from the male line of Eclipse, two
from that of Matchem and but one from the line of Herod. Counting them under
their sires, there were four by the dead hero Leamington and two by imported Austral-
ian. Now, then, which are the two best imported sires, after Glencoe? Surely as
daylight follows the gray dawn, just so surely does Australian follow Leamington; and
it was from daughters of this self-same Australian that Leamington got many of his
best winners, notably Iroquois and his beautiful, but vicious, brother Harold. Now
we will go back two years behind the above table and see what some of these great
stallions achieved. Where blanks occur it is because the horse named fell belcvv the
$50,000 mark in that year :

1891 1892

Longfellow, by Leamington? $186,840* $115.849

St. Blaise, by Hermitt 164,165 72,QI3

111 Used, by Breadalbane 140,297 98,438

Rayon d'Or, by Flageolet* 97,275 79,836

Iroquois, by Leamington 92,481 *I79,477

Hindoo, by Virgil 89,099 90,377

Sir Modred, by Traducer H 88,590

Falsetto, by Enquirer 82,160

Tremont by Virgil 53,53*

Mr. Pickwick, by Hermitt 112,699

Spendthrift, by Australian 126,882

Onondaga, by Leamington 107,072

Eolus, by Leamington 93,o8g

Miser, by Australian 57,49°

Billet, by Voltigeur 61,405

indicates the horse was premier in that year. tBred in England. }Bred in France. ^Bred
in New Zealand.

Sir Modred was first, both in moneys and in the number of races won — two hun-
dred and eleven — in 1894, with $127,400; Hanover was first in the four seasons that
followed with $106.605, $84,705, $116,140 and $H9,59O respectively; Albert, imported, led
in 1899 with $95,975; Kingston in 1900 with $116,368; Sir Dixon in 1901 with $165,682,
in addition to over $80,000 won by his get in England and France; Hastings in 1902
with $111,855 and Ben Strome in 1903 with $105,250. This year Meddler is already

The American thoroughbred 125

above the $200,000 mark and little Ben Brush, who is second, with nothing but two and
three-year-olds to run for him, has already over $150,000 to his credit, a showing
wholly unprecedented for a horse of his age.

The following figures show the amounts won by the progeny of the ten leading
stallions in America from igoi to 1903, both years inclusive :

WINNING SIRES OF 1901.

Sir Dixon $165,682 Albert $55,938

Hanover 163,243 Pt. of Penzance 53,909

Meddler 93,795 The Bard 53,443

.Watercress 75,5*2 Candlemas 47>O49

Esher 60,674 Brutus 45,5O5

The above figures apply to winnings in America only. If we add in amounts won
in England and France, Sir Dixon's amount would be $206,926, Hanover's $184,005 and
Watercress $102,519.

WINNING SIRES OF 1902.

Hastings $111,855 Ben Strome $ 74,325

Candlemas 97,250 Hanover 7I»34°

Sir Dixon 89,800 Handspring 70.570

St. George 81,535 Golden Garter 68,627

Lamplighter 78,120 Wadsworth 65,355

WINNING SIRES OF 1903.

Ben Strome $105,250 Mirthful $ 84,135

Lamplighter 94,453 Hastings 83,022

Star Ruby 94,220 Hamburg 80,470

Watercress 88,970 Pt. of Penzance 78,283

Ben Brush 84,145 Atheling 62,465

It will be seen that in 1901 Sir Dixon and Hanover each had to their credit much
larger sums than the premier sires of the next two years after them. Hanover had no
two-year-olds to run for him.

Lexington headed the list for eleven seasons, his biggest showing being in 1870
when he had $120,360 to his credit, being more than Hanover had in his best year,
with racing prizes worth nearly three times what they were in Lexington's time. But
the reader must remember that Lexington had no such competition as had Hanover. He
was fortunate in the fact that Leamington stood but two seasons in Kentucky and Bon-
nie Scotland only one, being then removed into Illinois and afterwards into Iowa. Had
they remained permanently in Kentucky, the premiership of America might have been
an entirely different story.

The year 1904, just now nearing its close, has been a great one for wealthy men
who have gone into racing, solely from a love of the sport. At the close of October
there were five owners whose stables had won over $100,000 during the season. These
were Messrs. H. B. Duryea, James R. Keene, E. R. Thomas, Sydney Paget and New-
ton Benmngton; and there were five others whose stables won over $80,000. When we
consider that in 1903 the late Hon. William C. Wrhitney was the only one to win over
$100,000 in purses and stakes; and that no owner reached the $100,000 mark in 1902, this
showing is a truly great one, for it will encourage other wealthy men to go into the
game and an increase in the prices of well-bred horses will be the logical issue of that
movement. It is clear to me that with anything like proper discipline at the tracks,
the prices of yearlings sent to the auction block must undergo a material advance, but

126 'The American thoroughbred

jobbers must be punished in order that jobbery may be made odious. I have no fear
but that the magisterial officers selected by the managers of the tracks about New
York will be "men who their duties know and, knowing, dare maintain."

OUR GREAT NATIVE MARES

The late Col. Harry Innes Thornton — the Bayard sans peur et sans reproche of the
California turf, and myself used to have many a severe argument as to which was the
greatest of all American broodmares. He stuck out dogmatically for Alice Carneal,
simply because she produced the immortal Lexington and the great Umpire, to whom
I have -alluded elsewhere. With all the esteem for him that I bore while he lived ; and
all the love I bear his memory now that he has "crossed the river to rest in the shade
of the trees," I must still differ with him. My choice falls upon that wonderful ma-
tron Levity, for even if the gallant little Master of Resaca were alive, it is plain that
the founder of the family is neither Levity nor Alice Carneal, but Lady Grey, by Robin
Grey, foaled 1817 and bred by Colonel Robert Sanders, of Scott county, whom I presume
to have been the father of Colonel Lewis Sanders, who died in Sacramento in 1859.
Here is a reversed pedigree that will make your back teeth water and it is quite prob-
able that I have omitted several good ones :

The American 'Thoroughbred
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'The American 'Thoroughbred

I think the foregoing chart makes the proposition quite plain that Alice Carneal
was no such mare as Levity. If she were, why does her line not produce some good,
if not altogether great, sire besides Lexington? Take Levity's line and you find such
sires as Strathmore, Salvator, Volturno, Luke Blackburn in the fourth generation and
The Bard (sire of Gold Heels) in the fifth. Abdel Kader is the best sire from Alice
Carneal, after Lexington; and he got just one good horse, Algerine, whose dam was the
dam also of three such performers as Planet, Exchequer and Ninette. Any man who
studies pedigrees will agree with me that the merits of Levity are wide-spread and far-
reaching, while those of Alice Carneal are virtually limited to one sire and to three
performers — Lexington, Umpire and Helmbold. If a gentleman were to commission
me to select mares for breeding purposes and I found two mares of equal individuality,
one tracing back to Levity and the other to Alice Carneal, I should be more willing
to pay $1,000 for the former than $600 for the latter. Levity bears the same relation
to America that Prunella does to England, in my way of reasoning, for I can call i;o
mare truly great whose line has run out in four generations as badly as Alice Carneal's
has done.

A mare that you cannot well overlook in this connection is the Expedition marc
called Maid of the Oaks, foaled in 1817 and dam of that great sire Medoc, who was
pretty near a racehorse, having been beaten just twice in nine races. Medoc I must
rank as the first and foremost of all American sires between Sir Archy and Lexington.
I place him ahead of Boston because Boston got a large number of winners from the
daughters of Medoc; and also because Medoc got first-class performers (for that day,
at least) from mares that produced nothing of note from other sires. Take the great
Wagner who beat Grey Eagle in the big four-mile post stake of 1839 at Louisville; and
what would Wagner have done as a sire without the Medoc mares. And apropos of
Wagner let me relate a race which took place in 1840; and I reckon that Major Barak
G. Thomas, of Lexington, Ky., is the only living man who saw that race. There were
four starters, Gamma by Pacific, who had previously beaten Wagner at four-mile
heats; there was Wagner himself, carrying 118 pounds to the mare's 115; and there
were two Medoc colts, both four years old and carrying 100 pounds — Red Bill and
Blacknose, the latter of whom will be found in the reversed pedigree just above given.
The race was at three-mile heats, of which Gamma won the first, Red Bill the second,
and Blacknose the third and fourth, Wagner being distanced in the third heat and the
Tennessee mare in the second. Next txrSir Archy and Lexington, this self-same Me-
doc clearly outclasses all native sires between 1810 and 1860. To this "Young Maid of
the. Oaks," as she is called in the stud book, trace Commando, Sensation, Onondag-a,
Potomac, Chesapeake, Glenmore, Linden, Eolian, Tenny, Ban Fox, King Fox, King
Lee and Ajax, thirteen cracks in their respective years and five of them above the aver-
age as sires.

ARGENTILE, foaled 1839 by Bertrand, from Allegrante by Young Truffle, from im-
ported Phantomia.by the Derby winner, Phantom, is likewise an important ancestress.
To her trace such noted long-distance horses as Hubbard (whose record for 2^4 miles,
made in 1874, is still unbeaten), Katie Pease (a winner of over $20,000 in California
alone), Elkwood, Jerome Edger, Judge Curtis, Idler, Vestibule, C. H. Todd, Tormentor,
London, D'Artagnan, Terra Cotta, Mattie A. Ringmaster and Lizzie Dwyer, all above
the selling plater class and most of them big stake-winners in the last twenty-five years.

Miss OBSTINATE, foaled 1829 by Sumpter, out of Jenny Slamerkin by Tiger, is an-
other great factor in American breeding, being the ancestress of such great mares as
Maiden, Charlotte Buford, Eagless, Ferida, Aella, Kathleen and Lizzie Lucas, and such
great male winners as Wild Irishman, Frankfort, Parole, Kingfish, George Kinney,
Rhadamanthus, Montana Regent, Poet Scout, Falsetto, Morello, Grey Planet, Steel
Eyes, Bulletin, Kinsman and Report. Several of these were first-class sires, especially
Falsetto.

The American 'Thoroughbred 129

MAGNOLIA, foaled 1841, was bred by Dr. W. T. Mercer and presented to Hon.
Henry Clay of Kentucky. At his death she was bequeathed to his son, John ivl. Clay,
the greatest of all amateur trainers. From her are descended in female tail-line; Iro-
quois, winner of the English Derby and St. Leger of 1881 ; Jaconet, SirDixon, Belve-
dere, Harold, The Pepper, French Park, Incommode, Day Star, Kaloolah, Sly Dance,
Daniel Boone, Gilroy, Kentucky and last, but not least, Sachem who ran second for The
Thousand Guineas in England.

From imported Gallopade by Catton came the two greatest native producing mares
prior to 1860, Reel and Fandango. From the first named came three great performers
that were taken to England by Mr. Richard Ten Broeck — Lecompte, the only horse that
ever beat Lexington ; Prioress, winner of the Cesarewitch of 1857, and the great York-
shire Handicap of 1858 ; and Starke, who won the Goodwood Stakes and Bentinck
Memorial of 1860 and the Goodwood ,Cup of 1861. Prioress had two full sisters, Ann
Dunn and Fanny Wells. The former was killed in a race at New Orleans, but Fanny
Wells was the granddam of Jils Johnson and Banburg, the latter a winner of the
Louisville Cup. From Fandango are descended such fine performers as Domino, Cor-
rection, Yankee, Dr. McBride, Audrian, Pessara, Kirkman, Glidelia, Wellswood and
Geneva. Another full sister to Reel and Fandango was Cotillion by Leviathan, from
whom are descended such great performers as Gold Heels, Lucky Dog, Barnes, Run-
nymede, Kildeer, Goldsmith, Los Angeles, Post Guard, Strathspey and that good sire
O'Meara, sire of Fanny McAllister, one of the best fillies ever bred in Tennessee. She
was beaten a head in each of the fastest heats of two miles ever run in Tennessee, the
winner being Jack Malone. After her retirement she produced Muggins, the first
four-year-old to win the Saratoga Cup with 108 pounds. Muggins got Orphan Girl,
the second dam of Advance Guard, one of the greatest handicap horses that has ever
run in America.

I give place here to three mares bred in England, who each produced a sire that
left a very definite mark on American breeding since 1870.

CALCUTTA, b m, 1853, by Flatcatcher, out of Miss Martin, produced as follows :

1857 b c Bivouac by Voltigeur

1858 b f Holdersky by Hospodar

1859 krc Watch Fire... by Voltigeur

1860 b f Harriet Watts... by Hospodar

1861 br f St. Eulalie by Voltigeur

1862 b c Eastminster by Newminster

1863 br c General Lee by Weatherbit

1864 br f Polly Perkins. .. .by Voltigeur

1865 brc Billet by Voltigeur (Imp. to U. S. A.)

UNNAMED MARE, foaled 1841 by Pantaloon-Daphne by Laurel, produced :

1849 br c Prosperous by Launcelot

1850 brc John Bull by Falstaff

1852 ch f Myrtle by Sweetheart

1853 br c Leamington by Faugh-a-Ballagh (Imp. to U. S. A.)

1854 br c Goldwater by Sweetmeat

1855 brc Pretty Pet by Flatcatcher

1856 br c Vault by Vatican

1858 br c Milverton by Loup Garou

ELLERMIRE, by Chanticleer-Ellerdale by Lanercost, produced:

1859 b f St. Agnes by West Australian

1860 b f Stella by West Australian

1861 b c Ellerby by West Australian

'The American Thoroughbred

1862 b c Elland by Rataplan

1864 be Bandmaster by Kettledrum

1865 be Kettle Holder by Kettledrum

1867 b f Ella by Kettledrum

1868 Lady Dunsop....by Kettledrum

1870 be The 111 Used by Breadalbane (Imp. to U. S. A.)

1872 b c Epigram by Blair Athol

I consider Epigram a great sire. He got Le Grand, the only horse to defeat Mar-
tini Henry at three years old.

THE VERY LATEST.

The following is a correct statement (for which I am indebted to the Thorough-
bred Record, of Lexington, Ky.) of the amounts of money won by the first twenty
stallions on the list of winning sires in America for this year, together with the
amounts accredited to the largest winners in their respective progeny, up to and
including November 2, 1904 :

STALLION'S NAME. AMOUNT.

Meddler, imp $216,325

Ben Brush 154,485

Ben Strome, imp 112,344

Hamburg 108,725

Kingston 92,799

Hastings 90,768

Goldfinch, imp 88,926

Atheling, imp 86,311

King Eric 78,952

Sir Dixon 71,811

Octagon 66,705

Gold Garter, imp 67,011

Requital 65,100

Lamplighter 63,743

Esher, imp. (dead) 62,515

Hermence, imp 60,630

Pt. of Penzance 59,756

The Commoner 5i>948

Star Ruby, imp 50,273

Ornament 48,334

LARGEST W-INNER.

AMOUNT.

Tanya $58,635

Delhi 77,355

Highball (dead) 33,990

Artful 57,205

Dolly Spanker 24,080

Glorifier 13,745

Tradition 44,986

Bryn Mawr 19,220

Ort Wells 69,395

Agile 12,702

Beldame 49,995

Dainty 23,565

English Lad 27,825

De Reske 29,885

John Smulski 8,995

Hermis 31,725

Miss Inez 8,980

Kurtzman 12,125

Africander 19,085

Sheriff Bell 9,130

In 1860, when Planet, Congaree, Daniel Boone and Sigma were the four biggest
winners of the year, Revenue led with about $29,000 in round numbers, of which al-
most the entire amount was contributed by Planet, Exchequer and Fanny Washington.
In 1861 Lexington was first and the California stallion, Williamson's Belmont, second,
the latter solely through the winning of one horse, the evergreen Dashaway, who
was supposed to have won a sweepstake of $10,000 at Sacramento, but in settlement
of which his owner, Mr. W. A. Grigsby, was obliged to take a lot of horses worth
less than $4,000. I never had any use for Col. E. S. Lathrop (owner of Langford)
after that.

An amusing feature of the foregoing list is the interesting fact that Ben Strome,
who is third this year (not yet completed) with $112,344 to his credit, has $5,229
more than he had at the close of 1903, when he was premier of all America. I don't
think that any increase in the winnings of the horses above named will make any

The American 'Thoroughbred

material difference in the general result. Hastings passed Goldfinch about a week ago,
but Goldfinch has plenty of horses to fight for him in the next six weeks, while most
of the Hastings horses trained off early in the season and have already gone into winter
quarters, but few being owned outside of Mr. Belmont's stables.

In reviewing the above list, Ben Brush, with nothing older than four years to
run for him, makes really the best showing. Of the amount won by Meddler's get
$49,685 is by Columbia Girl, whose victory over Hermis was merely a freak of the
weather. Take that off Meddler and put it onto Hermence, and the great lead of Med-
dler would hardly be worth discussion. For the number he has had to run for him,
seven in all, Mr. Belmont's Octagon makes as good a show as any of the twenty and
he is eleventh on the list. The next two years will, in my belief, show a singular re-
versal of some of these figures.

PART V.

The French Thoroughbred

"Though he's over three hundred yards astern,

Our bets are not yet secure;
Nor ne'er will be till Regalia beats

The long stride of Gladiateur"

DlXON.

R
ar THE

UNIVERSITY

The French Thoroughbred

From 1823 to the French Jockey Club

To say just when racing began in France is beyond the compass of so moderate a
chronicler of sport as myself, but certain it is that they had races on a small scale as
early as 1328, under the reign of Charles le Bel. All their racing, however, was purely
an imitation of the English races held during the corresponding period. It was not
until 1833 that racing in France assumed a definite shape through the formation of the
association known in its certificate of incorporation as "La Societe d'Encouragement
pour 1'Amelioration des Races de Chevaux en France," known now and more famil-
iarly as the "French Jockey Club." This is, by long odds, the most exclusive of all
clubs in France.

This seems almost paradoxical when we reflect that England had been, in years
gone by, very largely indebted to France for the importation of four very valuable stal-
lions. These were the St. Victor Barb, the famous Curwen Bay Barb, sire of Brock-
elsby Betty; the almost equally famous Tholouse Barb; and last, but far from least,
the Godolphin Arabian, whom a benevolent English Quaker found working in the
shafts of a cart in Paris and rescued from a brutal master by purchasing him and send-
ing him over to England to his friend, Mr. Coke, who sold him to Lord Godolphin,
whence he, "Zenada," in Arabian acquired the name of which he is now known
through the brilliant pens of Mons. Eugene Sue, of France; Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton,
of England ; and Mr. George Wilkes, in America.

It does seem, however, that an earlier attempt was made, during the reign of Louis
Quatorze, by Colbert, who was that monarch's prime minister, to provide France with
a higher type of horses, but that monarch's administration paid no attention to racing
but contented itself with the importation of Oriental horses, probably in contemplation
of improving the cavalry mounts of the royal armies of France. It was merely to
place the services of these Eastern stallions within reach of people having but moderate
means, that such importations were" made. Nor was it till long after the decadence of
the First Empire and the Second Restoration that the royal stud at Mendon was estab-
lished by The Dauphin (son of Charles X) with the Duke of Guiche as Master of the
Horse ; with an English trainer named Corringham as superintendent of the concern ;
and with Rowlston, son of Camillus and he by the St. Leger (of 1795) winner Hamble-
tonian, as chief factor in the stud. This was in 1827. But there had been more or
less racing during the First Empire, say from 1806 till 1811, without anything that could
tend towards France becoming a great horse-producing nation. It was not till 1832
that Louis Phillipe promulgated an ordinance providing for the registration of the
Thoroughbred Horse, called "pur sang" in the French language. And in the follow-
ing year the "French Jockey Club," above referred to, was permanently established.

"Le Grand Monarque" was so fond of sport, however, that he allowed the Honor-
able Bernard Howard, a younger brother of the Duke of Norfolk and a member of
Charles the Second's "Kitchen Cabinet," the privilege of driving into the sacred pre-

'The American Thoroughbred

cincts of the Louvre Palace on the Rue Rivoli ; a favor hitherto granted only to princes
of the blood royal and a few court favorites. By the way, we find in the memoirs of
the Marquis des Fourches, a description of a race which took place in 1685, during the
reign of Louis XIV, which was worthy of the palmy days of Guttenberg, N. J. In
1785, during the reign of Louis XVI, and only a few days before that monarch was
dragged from his bedroom at Versailles and hurried off to the guillotine on the Place de
la Concorde, there were races at Vincennes and Fontainbleau, the participants in which
were the Comte 1'Artois, afterward Charles X • the Duke de Chartres, afterwards Duke
of Orleans; the Marquis de Conflans; the Duke de Lauzan; and the Duke de Fitz-
james; and some of these notables even ran horses in England. The Duke de Chartres
(then known as "Philippe Egalite") ran Cantator in the Derby of 1784 and had Con-
queror, Lambinos and Fortiture in his stable as late as 1790.

About that time the Comte d'Artois bought Comus, by Otho and Barbary by Pan-
gloss; Glowworm by Eclipse and King Pepin by Turf were sold to the Duke de
Chartres, while the Marquis de Conflans bought Perois and leased Teucer. At tha
same' period, or thereabouts, several well-bred mares were sent over there for breeding
purposes. Among these were Dulcinea by Whistle Jacket; Sphynx by Marske, and
Helen by Conductor. The Revolution, however, sent all these into obscurity from
which they never emerged and nothing is known of their descendants. After the
Revolution was over and the Corsican lieutenant had promoted the First Empire, a stud
farm was started at Buc, near Versailles, but subsequently removed to Viroflay. All
this is merely given as prefactory to the foundation of the ^ociete' d' Encouragement.
It may not be out of place for me to give a list (found in Mr. Robert Black's History
of Racing in France) of stallions imported from England into France between the close
of the Revolution of 1793 and the formation of the French Jockey Club in 1833 :

DATE
NAME SIRE LINK IMPORTATION

Abron Whisker* E 1828

Ad Libitum Whiskey E 1817

Alford Pavilion H 1822

Alfred Filho da Puta* H 1828

Atom Phantom* H 1826

Barelegs .- Tramp D E 1828

Belmont Thunderbolt M 1831

Ben Nevis Paynator M 1814

Bijou Orvillet E 1818

Borysthenes Smolensko M 1830

Brigand XYZ H 1826

Camerton Hambletoniant E 1818

Captain Candid Cerberus E 1825

Carbon Waxy* E 1828

Charon Woful E 1827

Cinder Woful E 1829

Claude Haphazard H 1827

Clayton Overton E 1815

Coriolanus Gohanna E 1818

Diamond Highflyer H 1818

DIO Whitworth H 1818

Doge of Venice Sir Oliver D H 1825

Domenichino Vandyke Jr. H 1818

Eastham Sir Oliver D H 1825

Easton Stamford H 1813

Egremont Skiddaw 1819

'The French Thoroughbred

DATE

NAME SIRE LINE IMPORTATION

Electrometer ............................ Thunderbolt M 1828

Young Emilius .......................... Out of Sal E 1832

Young Emilius .......................... Out of Cobweb E 1834

Enamel .................................. Phantom* H 1831

Farmer, The ............................ Pericles H 1826

Felix ............................ «. ....... Comus M 1826

Fulford ................................. Orville E 1820

Young Gohanna .......... .. .............. Gohanna E 1820

Hamlet .................................. Hambletoniant E 1818

Harlequin ............................... Cervantes E 1831

Holbein .................................. Rubens H 1826

Homer .......... ' ........................ Catton D E 1826

Kt. Errant .............................. Sanchot E 1817

Linkboy ................................. Aladdin* E 1830

Libertine ................................ Filho da Puta t D H 1831

Lockell .................................. Selim H 1830

Locksley ................................. Smolensko* M 1827

Lutzen .................................. Gustavus* 1831

Y. Merlin ............................... Merlin H 1827

Middlethorpe ............................ Shuttle E 1818

Milton .................................. Waxy* E 1819

Minister ................................ P. Minister E 1825

Mohican ................................. Woful E 1832

Monkey ................................. Shuttle E 1830

Mustachio ............................... Whisker* E 1828

Myrmidon ............................... Partisan H 1824

Parchment .............................. Thunderbolt M 1824

Paulus .................................. St. Paul H 1818

Peter Liberty ................ ............ Amadis E 1825

Phosphor ............................... Meteor E 1819

Piccadilly ............................... Buzard H 1814

Piccadilly ............................... Revell M 1830

Premium ................................ Aladdin H 1825

Rainbow ................................ Walton H 1823

Rembrandt .............................. Vandyke Jr. H 1831

Rowlston ................................ Camillus E 1827

Y*. Sir Joshua ........................... Rubens H 1825

Smolensko .............................. Stamford H 1818

Snail ........... f ........................ Stamford H i8iq

Spy, The ...... ......................... Walton H 1818

Y. Stavely .............................. Sir David H 1819

Streatlam Lad ........... . ................ Remembrancert M 1818

Tigris .................................... Quiz H 1818

Toil and Trouble ....................... Manfred H 1828

Tooley .................................. Walton H 1816

Tozer ................................... Fyldener H 1818

Trance .................................. Phantom H 1831

Truffle .................................. Sorcerer M 1817

Turcoman ............................... Selim H 1828

Vampyre ................................ Waxy* E 1830

Vanloo . ..Rubens H 1817

'The American Thoroughbred

DATE

NAME SIRE LINE IMPORTATION

Velvet ................................... Sorcerer M 1818

Velvet ................................... Woodpecker H 1800

Vivaldi .................................. Filho da Putat D H 1828

Workworth ............................. Sorcerer M 1812

Zoroaster .

* Won the Derby; f won the St. L,eger; D won the Doncaster Cup.

Of these importations and their get but little record has been made and even less
preserved. Mr. Black, in his admirable little work, informs us that those of Rowlston,
Holbein and Rainbow are alone saved from the wreck of time. Volante, by Rowlston
and Corysandre, by Holbein, won the Grand Prix de Paris in 1836 and 1838, respective-
ly; and that Felix, Frank and Lydia, all by Rainbow, won betwen them the Grand Prix
de Paris in 1834, 1836 and 1837 ; the Prix de Cadran in 1838 ; and the Prix de Jockey
Club (otherwise known as the French Derby) in 1836 and 1837. Rainbow's .fame has
been preserved by the continuance of the Prix Rainbow at Beautiful Longchamps. And
Mr. Black narrates of him that he was such a grand and majestic horse in appearance,
that when he stood for mares at the Viroflay Stud, the French public would flock to see
him and gladly pay a franc for that privilege.

The formation of the French Jockey Club, at which period we have now arrived,
was something of a curio in itself. In 1830 a pigeon-shooting club was organized by
Englishmen residing in Paris, of which Lord Harry Seymour was president and a
Mr. Thomas Bryan secretary. The former gentleman, who never had set foot in Eng-
land, by the way, was the second son of the third Marquis of Hertford and an uncle of
the great British soldier on whom Queen Victoria bestowed the title of "the Knight of
Kars" for his great service in the defense of that fortress. He conceived the idea
of a Jockey Club modeled on the lines of the British institution and was not long in
associating with himself some of the first gentlemen of France. He became president
of the club; Prince Michael Ney (Duke of the Moscova), first vice-president; Mons.
A. de Russiec, second vice-president ; and Mr. Charles Lafitte, the banker, who after-
wards raced as "Major Fridolin," treasurer. The remaining nine members were Comte
Maxio di Caccia, Comte de Cambis (equerry to the Due d'Orleans), the Russian Prince
Demidoff, Mons. D. Fasqual, Mons. Ernest Leroy, Vicomte Paul Laru and the King's
two sons, the Due de Nemours and the Due d'Orleanse, with His Majesty, King Louis
Philippe, as a patron and honorary member. Their first rooms were in the Rue
Helder, thence removed to the Rue Grange Batalliere and thence to (their own prop-
erty) their magnificent quarters at the corner of the Boulevard and the Rue Scribe,
across the street from the Grand Opera House. The Due d'Orleans was the most ac-
tive of all the members and was killed from jumping from his carriage in 1848, while
his horses ran away. This was only a few days before the outbreak of the Revolution
which deposed Louis Philippe. The Due d'Orleans it was who got hold of the Due
d'Aumale's property at Chantilly and built the race course, that being the best course in
France except the one at Longchamps which was completed in 1857 and is the equal
of any in the world. The French Derby and Oaks (called the Prix du Jockey Club
and the Prix de Diane, respectively, are run at Chantilly; and the Grand Prix de Paris
at Longchamps, the best approach to which is a drive through that park of all parks, the
Bois de Boulogne. From 1834 to 1842 the chief racing in France might be described as
a single-handed encounter, from year to year, between Lord Harry Seymour and the
Due d'Orleans.

It was in 1839 that the latter ill-fated prince had his best innings with a stable com-
posed of Esmeralda, Romulus, Nautilus, Quonium, and Giges, the latter a son of the

'The French Thoroughbred

Derby winner Priam ; and the English-bred Beggarman who lugged off the Goodwood
Cup of 1840, having behind him such cracks as Lanercost (who won the Ascot and New"
castle Cups of the following year) Hetman Platoff (winner of the Northumberland
Plate and sire of the Derby winner Cossack) and last, but not least, Pocahontas, des-
tined to become the dam of the three immortals, Stockwell, King Tom and Rataplan,
ranking in the order named. The Due d'Orleans won the Prix du Cadran with Nau-
tilus (son of Cadland, Derby winner of 1828) three times in four seasons; the Grand
Prix with Volante in 1836, Nautilus in 1840, and with Giges in 1841 ; the Poule d'Essai
(for two-year-olds) with Giges in 1840; the Poule des Produits with Cachemar (by
Royal Oak) in 1841 ; and the Prix du Jockey Club, with Romulus (by Cadland) in
1839. Of course he won other races, but I have only given what might be termed
the French Classics, if any French races are to be entitled to any such consideration.
At this period it may not be impertinent to give an enumeration of the stallions im-
ported into France from England between 1833 and 1848 under the auspices of the
House of Orleans, given in alphabetical order :

LINE OF ECLIPSE

DATE

Aegyptian by Centaur 1834

Altereuter by Lottery 1836

Allington by Gustavus 1833

Arthur by Dick 1848

Beggarman by Zinganee 1839

Bizarre by Orville 1840

Brabant by Lapdog 1842

Brocardo by Touchstone 1848

Cadland by Andrew 1834

Canton by Cain 1845

Chance by Lottery 1837

Clarion by Catton 1834

Crispin by Lottery 1835

Dangerous by Tramp 1836

Darlington by Cleveland 1835

Edmund by Orville 1835

Emilius Young by Cobweb 1836

Faumus by Whalebone 1836

Felix by Accident 1847

Gen. Mina by Camillus 1837

Jason by Centaur 1834

Juggler by Wamba 1837

Lottery D by Tramp 1834

Mahomet by Muley 1835

Mendicant by Tramp 1840

Minister by Catton 1835

Moretto by Gustavus 1834

Novelist by Waverly 1835

Nuncio by Plenipotentiary 1847

Pagan by Muley Molock 1846

Petworth by Little John 1835

Physician by Brutandorf 1842

Prime Warden by Cadland 1847

Prince Caradoc by The Colonel. .. .1847
Romeo by Emilius 1833

LINE OF HEROD DATE

Anglesey by Sultan 1837

Bon Ton by Phantom 1838

Cop. Captain by Bobadil 1834

Comte d'Orsay by Faustus 1836

Delphi by Elis 1842

Dick by Lamplighter 1836

Fang by Langar 1836

Farmington by Cain 1844

Frogmore by Phantom 1838

Gladiator by Partisan 1846

His Highness by Partisan 1846

His Highness by F. da Puta 1839

Hoemus by Sultan 1834

Hurricane by Cain \ 1839

Ibrahim by S'ultan 1835

Ionian by Ion 1847

Little Rover by Cydnus 1837

Mameluke by Partisan 1837

Mariner by Merlin 1835

Marcellus by Selim 1838

Mr. Waggs by Langar 1838

Muezzin by Sultan 1837

Napoleon by Bob Booty 1834

Paradox by Merlin 1834

Pickpocket by St. Patrick 1836

Polecat by B. Middleton 1846

Roebuck by Venison 1847

Rowager by Venison 1847

Specter by Phantom 1834

Trancred by Selim 1834

Tandem by Rubens 1836

Tragedian by Sir Isaac 1847

14° ^he American "Thoroughbred

LINE OF ECLIPSE DATE LINE OF MATCHEM DATE

Royal George by Roy Oak 1837 Abin Conley by Jerry 1836

Royal Oak by Catton 1833 Ascot by Tomboy 1845

Sting by Slane 1847 Y. Bedlamite by Bedlamite 1834

Teetotum by Lottery 1834 Pegasus by Tiresias 1835

Theodore by Woful 1838 Tourist by Dr. Syntax 1836

Tyrius by Laurel 1840

Windcliffe by Waverly 1836

Worthless by Camel 1846

Thus it appears that, while the French imported forty-eight stallions of the male
line of Eclipse, as against twenty-four of the line of Herod, they only imported five of
the Matchem line, something entirely disproportionate, as the Matchem blood always
(or nearly so) is remarkable for carrying with it the best bone and the greatest amount
of substance. For all that, the French horses show as good bone as any but those bred
in Ireland. Those which are italicized became famous as sires in France, or won
great races in England before their expatriation. It is due to the Royal family of
France to say that they imported Gladiator (the best stallion ever sent to France, at a
cost of 62,500 francs, equal to about $12,000 of our money, but Royal Oak (the second
best) was the enterprise of a private individual — Lord Harry Seymour, the president
of the French Jockey Club.

Lord Harry Seymour was not merely an importer of horses but of men, as well. He
brought over that famous trainer, Tom Carter, who afterwards brought over the broth-
ers, Henry and Thomas Jennings, the latter of whom subsequently became noted as
the trainer of that mightiest of all three-year-olds, Gladiateur (by Monarque) the only
horse to win the Two Thousand Guineas, the Derby, the St. Leger and the Grand Prix
de Paris, in none of which events was he ever fully extended. Lord Harry, with the
assistance of these able trainers, won the Grand Prix de Paris with Miss Annette (by
Reveller) in 1835 and with Franck (by Rainbow) in 1837* the latter horse winning also
the Prix du Cadran, and the Jockey Club Prix (French Derby) ; and he likewise won
the latter race with Lydia (by Rainbow), Vendredi (by Cain) and Poetess (after-
wards famous as the dam of Monarque) by Royal Oak. His memory is still kept
green by the Prix Seymour, run annually at the Paris Summer meeting. Mons.
Rieussec, the second vice-president of the French Jockey Club at that period, had a
large stud at Viroflay. He won the Grand Prix of 1834 (which race must not be
confounded with the present race of that name — established in 1861 by Louis Napol-
eon, as it was run at a different distance and under different conditions) with his
home-bred horse Felix, by Rainbow. At each spring meeting his fame is perpetuated
by the Prix Rieussec and at the fall meetings by the Prix de Viroflay.

A very different character from these was Mons. Charles Lafitte, the rich banker,
who died in 1875, being treasurer of the Jockey Club up to the time of his demise. He
married an Englishwoman, Miss Conyngham, and did not race at all until some years
after his escape from celibacy when he took the nomme de course of "Major Fridolin."
After the Baron de Niviere dissolved partnership with that consummate rascal, the
Comte de Lagrange, he and "Major Fridolin" became partners under the name of the
"La Morlaye" stable and achieved great coups with such horses as Gontran, Bigarreau.
Sornette and Franc-Tireur, the latter being about as good as a timber-topper as was ever
bred on the continent. He bought Light (bred in France), by Prime Warden out of
Balaclava, from whom he bred both Bigarreau and Sornette, the former winning the
French Derby and the latter the French Oaks and the Grand Prix de Paris. Sornette
also won the Goodwood Stakes and Doncaster Cup in England. Mons. Lafitte also
imported Tournament from England and bred from him Sabre and Tyroliesme, as well

VNIVERSI1 V

The French 'Thoroughbred 141

as that great steeplechaser, Franc-Tireur. Mons. Lafitte lives in history by having
named for him the Prix de Chateau-Lafitte at the Chantilly Autumn races.

One night, in December, 1867, a poor sewing girl fainted away from hunger and
exhaustion not far from where the little Rue de Gomboust cuts into the magnificent
Avenue de 1'Opera. A splendid carriage was driving by at the time and the driver
halted his horses. An aged man stepped out and he and his coachman lifted the help-
less girl into the sumptuous vehicle and drove away.

"Poor child," said a bystander, "she has been rescued from poverty to meet a worse
fate."

"Pauvre enfant, pourquoi ?" retorted a young rake who stood beside him. "C'est
la bonne fortune ! C'est le voiture du Prince Anatole Demidoff."

It was indeed the party referred to, one of the original eight non-official members
of the French Jockey Club. The girl's name was Celine Montaland, the daughter of a
poor old couple in Burgundy; and she was exceedingly beautiful. The next week she
appeared in the Bois du Boulogne, the handsomest dressed woman there and in the
most magnificent equipage. Finding that she possessed an unusually sweet voice, the
old Prince, whose income from his mines in the Ural mountains in Russia was about
two million francs annually, gave her a musical education and she sang in opera bouffe,
not only in Paris and London, but in New York also. She appeared there in the win-
ter of 1871-2 and it was his infatuation for her and his desertion of Josephine Mans-
field tor the fair-lipped Lais of France that eventually cost James Fisk, the "Prince
of Erie/' 'his life.

I. think I have gone far enough in detailing the early importations of horses into
France from England, as well as the personnel of the primary founders of the Societe
1'Encouragernent, but a word as to Mr. Charles Leroy may not be wholly out of place,
for he it was who imported, along after 1845, such great English performers as Elthiron
(brother to Hobbie Noble and the Reiver) who won the City and Suburban at Epsom;
Ion, second in both Derby and St. Leger of 1838 and sire of the Derby winner, Wild
Dayrell ; Womersley by Irish Birdcatcher, out of Cinizelli, who produced one winner
each of the Oaks, St. Leger and Two Thousand ; and last, but not least, "Lazy Laner-
cost," who won the Ascot and Newcastle Cups of 1841 and third to Charles XII and
Euclid in the St. Leger of 1839, the former of the twain winning in the run-orf of a
dead heat.

From the formation of the Societe d'Encouragement to the proclamation of the
Second Empire, by Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, that organization seems to have had a
severe struggle for existence. From 1833 to 1840 the average number of horses
trained enough to bring to the post was only 59; from 1849 to 1858, the average had
grown to 125 ; and after 1858 to as high as 160, up to which time no one thought it possi-
ble to carry off an English Derby or even a first-class handicap. Some of the best
horses were kept in training as long as seven seasons. Hervine, by Mr. Waggs, won
the Prix de Diane (French Oaks) in 1851 and was seen in a race at Chantilly four years
later, running for a plate of $600, and this, too3 ten weeks after having dropped a foal.
By 1845 the number of owners had been increased by the addition of such spirited turf-
men as Messrs. Alexander Aumont, Auguste Lupin, Latache de Fay, Prince Marc de
Beaurau, the Comte des Cars, Baron N. Rothschild, the Comte de Morny, Baron A.
Schickler, Mons. Robin (breeder of the famous Souvenir), Henri Delamarre, Alphonse
de Belaque, the Marquis de Roffignac and about twenty others of less note. As for the
trainers and jockeys, they were English almost without an exception. Among the
jockeys we find the names of Webb, Hall, Boast, North, Edwards, Pavis, Spreoty and
Nat Flatman, who rode Voltigeur, and Orlando before him, in all their great races ;
and Henry Lamplugh, who rode the great P'ranc-Picard in all of his many victories
"over the sticks." Another of these was Kitchener, who rode Red Deer to victory in

142 The American Thoroughbred

the Chester Cup at 48 pounds, the lowest weight in history ; and he also rode Ver-
mout when he defeated the great Tjlair Athol (Derby and St. Leger winner) in the
Grand Prix of 1864.

The Revolution of 1848, which dethroned Louis Philippe, put an end to racing
for several vears and it w^s not until Louis Napoleon (whom Victor Hugo stigmatized
as "the bastard son of A Dutch admiral") established the Second Empire, that racing in
France assumed any notable proportions. He it was who founded the present Grand
Prix de Paris, run at Longchamps, over a mile and five furlongs with 122 pounds, fillies
being allowed five pounds for sex. This was raised to the present scale, 126 pounds
in 1870, being the same weight as carried in the English "classics." From that date,
1861, the race being won by The Ranger, son of Voltigeur and the Gardham mare
which was second dam of the great Cremorne, begins the present formidable attitude
of the French-bred horse as a disputant of racing in England.

T"he French "Thoroughbred

SECOND EPOCH

From the Second Empire until its Fall

Louis Napoleon may, or may not, have been a great soldier. The campaign in the
Quadrilateral of Italy, concluding with the French victories at Solferino and Magenta,
would indicate that he was ; and a further corroboration lies in the camp equipment of
the French troops in the Crimean war when the provisioning and cookery of Marshal
St. Arnaud's army was placed in charge of the noted Parisian chef, M. Alexis Soyer.
The Franco-Prussian war, in which his armies were sent into the field with rotten shoes
on their feet and shoddy uniforms on their bodies, would indicate that he knew noth-
ing of the condition of the troops sent forth to battle for the duration of his empire.
But he certainly knew that no nation could successfully maintain a cavalry service with-
out thoroughbred blood in its horses.

It is worthy of note that all, or nearly all, the best stallions in France, at that period;
were the property of the state ; and in 1854 the state went so far as to place at the ser-
vices of breeders no less than 345 English or French-bred stallions at figures ranging
from 200 francs down to a minimum fee of 40 francs. Among these were Ion, sire of
the Derby winner Wild Dayrell ; the Prime Warden, sire of Bassishaw, the third dam
of Isonomy ; Elthiron, a winner of the Suburban at Epsom ; Caravan, winner of the
Ascot Cup in 1839 ; The Baron, a winner of both the St. Leger and Cesarewitch at three
and sire of the immortal Stockwell ; lago, second in the St. Leger and winner of the
Grand Duke Michael Stakes, and dear to all Americans as the sire of Bonnie Scotland ;
Lanercost, winner of the Ascot Cup and sire of Van Tromp, who won the St. Leger of
1847 ; the short-lived Emperor, who defeated Faugh-a-Ballagh and Alice Hawthorne for
the Emperor of Russia's Cup in 1845 ; and last, but not least, Gladiator (who ran second
to Bay Middleton in the Derby of 1836, his only race) probably the best stallion that
England ever sent to the land of the Parleyvoos. At that date nobody could have be-
lieved that the day would ever come when a French-bred horse (Flageolet, sire of
Rayon d'Or, imported to America) would be sent to England to make the season
of 1880, at $1,000 per mare, the only higher priced stallion in England being Hermit,
who had been reserved by his owner (Mr. Henry Chaplin of Blankney) exclusively for
his own mares and therefore not accessible to the rank and file of England's most se-
lect breeders. But such is the incontrovertible fact, though that condition of affairs
lasted for only two seasons.

We now come down to what Mr. Robert Black, in his gracefully worded little
book humorously styles "The Invasion of Perfidious Albion." This began in 1852
when a formidable stable was sent over there. Previous to that French horses had
won as follows : 1840, Beggerman, by Zinganee (sent to America) owned by The
Due d'Orleans, won the Goodwood Cup; 1850, Count Haber, born in Germany but re-
siding in France, won the Chesterfield Cup with Turnus (by Taurus, son of Morisco)
who was destined to be the sire of the Epsom Oaks winner, Butterfly.

These were the only two races of any note, prior to 1852, won on English soil by
foreign-bred horses, which, let me add, were given a seven-pound allowance from their
scale weight, as being bred out of England. It was this allowance to' foreign-bred
horses which induced Mr. Richard Ten Broeck, of Louisiana, to undertake quite another
"Invasion of Perfidious Albion" in 1857, when he won several big races with compara-
tively inferior animals. As late as 1901 Mr. John Huggins, one of the best of the

The American Thoroughbred

American trainers, became the utterer of the statement that "America has first-class
horses but has never, so far, sent one of them to England." This, too, in the face of
the stubborn fact that Iroquois had been the only horse in history to win the Derby,
St. Leger, Payne Stakes, Prince of Wales Stakes (Ascot), and the St. James Palace
Stakes, in one season; and that Foxhall ("bred in old Kentucky") had won in one sea-
son the Grand Prix de Paris, the Grand Duke Michael Stakes, the Cesarewitch Handi-
cap and the Cambridgeshire, carrying in the latter race the highest weight (126 pounds)
ever carried to victory in that race by a three-year-old, up to the present writing. But
I am digressing and the discussion is taking a very wide range. Let us, therefore, get
back to the French invasion of 1852.

In 1852 the French sent over the crack filly Hervine, by Mr. Waggs. Under the
allowances made to her as a foreign-bred animal, she only ha*d to carry ninety-five
pounds in the Goodwood Cup, while Kingston, a three-year-old by Venison out of Queen
Anne, won the race with 104 pounds in his saddle. Hervine ran unplaced and it was
claimed that she was suffering from seasickness engendered in crossing the channel.
However, there were several English cracks which ran unplacd in that race, among them
Hernandez (2,000 guineas of 1851), by Pantaloon; Newminster (St. Leger of 1851),
by Touchstone; and Stilton, who won the Chester Cup of that very year, by Cother-
stone out of Gruyere (dam of Parmesan, sire of two Derby winners in late years) by
Verulam, son of Lottery and Wire. Hence it was not so disgraceful to run "in the
steerage" as might first be imagined. Next year Hervine "tried it on the dog" once
more with 99 pounds. She ran second with Kingston, Muscovite and Weathergage
astern of her. But "every cloud has a silver lining" and the winner turned up in an-
other French-bred mare, Jotivence, by Sting (son of Slane), out of Currency. That
two French -bred mares should run 1-2 in a race like that was enough to cause a
continuous illumination of the Boulevard all the way from the Rue Rivoli to the Made-
leine.

In 1853 came on several sharp horses, one of which was Fitz Gladiator, now fam-
ous in the annals of the French stud ; Echelle, afterwards noted as the dam of the crack
Orphelin : Lycisca, by Sting and Valerie by the same sire. The two last named
fillies ran hopelessly behind the marvelous Virago (who won the City and Suburban
and Great Metropolitan three hours apart) in both the Goodwood and Doncaster Cups.
Fitz Gladiator got lame on the hard ground at Ascot (always a beastly place to train)
and had to be scratched for the Goodwood Cup. Hervine got lame and had to be
withdrawn from the Cambridgeshire for which she looked to have "a right smart
chance." Jouvence was started six times and failed to bring home any part of the
money. Trust, a five-year-old, was the only one to get a place (twice second) in any
one of thirty odd contests in which, the French horses were participants. But a brighter
day was to dawn upon the Parleyvoos with the coming of Monarque, a horse of real
class.

This was a bay horse with magnificent forehand and about as expressive a head
(judging him from his pictures) as ever was set upon a horse's neck. His middle
piece was only fair and his stifles looked narrow, if the portrait extant is a truthful one.

But his action was perfect, and up to about 117 pounds he was the d 1's own horse

to beat. His pedigree was given as being by The Baron, Sting or The Emperor, the
latter of which is now the accepted one of all the foreign turf doctrinaries who know
more about such things than I do. But in point of conformation, he was Sting all
over and wholly unlike The Emperor, whose pictures resemble our great American
cup horse, Harry Bassett, more than any other that I can name. Monarque's dam was
that good winner, Poetess, by Royal Oak, already referred to. He was foaled in
1852 at Mons. Aumont's farm (Victot) near Caen. He was not a horse of extreme
speed, but had a low and frictionless way of going that the English call a "daisy-cutter."

The French 'Thoroughbred

His dam had already produced Hervine. a great mare in France, but a most unlucky
one in the newly invaded country ; and at two years old he was most unpromising, be-
ing beaten by a most inferior animal named Alex-y-gainment, that being the only time
that he ever lost a race at weight for age. In 1855, being then three, he beat every-
thing in France and even crossed over to Belgium, where he won the Continental Derby
at Ghent. His victories on his native soil consisted of the following :

FRANCS.

Poule d' Essai 6,000

Ponle des Produits 3,500

T Prix_djJ— Hockey Club 52,000

Grand St. Leger (Moulins) 9,900

Total 71,400

This sum is equal to $14,280 in American money, a sum won by more than fifty
second-class horses in America since 1890. After his French victories he crossed
the Channel and started in the Stewards Cup (one mile) at Goodwood, in which he
was accorded the top-weight of the three-year-olds in that race, but finished nowhere.
He was nowhere in the Goodwood Cup, won by Baroncino, also a son of The Emperor.
Strange to say, after these impressive defeats in England, Monarque returned to his
native soil and actually won three races in one week. Had such a thing occurred
where I am writing this, it would have been ascribed to "this glorious climate of
California."

At four years old Ronzi, winner of the French Oaks of the previous year, de-
feated him for the Prix de 1'Empereur at Chantilly, being in receipt of ten pounds
weight from him, however. Lion, three years old, who had won the French Derby
of that year, was third and behind him came Vermeille, by the The Baron, destined in
later years to become the dam of such "illustrations" as Vermont, Vertugadin, Ver-
dure and Verite. Monarque was sent over to England again, but the best he could
do was to get third in both the Goodwood Cup and the Stewards Cup at the sarrie
meeting. Then came a change in affairs and in October of that year it was an-
nounced that M. D'Aumont had sold all his horses to Comte Frederic de Lagrange.
The sale comprised Monarque and Peu d'Espoir, four years'^ Brutus, by Sting, three
years; and Mademoiselle de Chantilly, by Gladiator-Maid of Mona, two years. The
Comte also secured the services of Tom Jennings as trainer and with Monarque he
won the Prix Imperial at the November Paris meeting, beating the only other starter,
Valbruant, by Nuncio. The coming year, 1857, was pregnant with miracles for the
great French stable, the real backer of which was the son of Hortense Beauharnais.

Monarque started off to make every race a winning one. He broke off by win-
ning, all inside of six weeks, the Prix de Pavilion and Prix des Haras at Chantilly ; the
Prix d'Administration and Prix Imperial at Boulogne ; the Prix Imperial at Moulins ;
and the Prix Imperial and Grand Prix Imperial at Longchamps. On the same day
that Mademoiselle de Chantilly won the French Oaks, Monarque beat Lion with great
difficulty by a neck. These two horses met again next week at a difference of ten
pounds and the young horse had Monarque beaten about seventy yards from home
when he suddenly faltered and Monarque won. Lion pulled up on three legs and it
was found he had split a pastern.

Potocki, by The Baron, won the French Derby of that year and also beat Monarque
for the Prix de la Villa, but Monarque was giving the youngster forty-eight pounds, so
that did not make Potocki anything great. When midsummer came there was an
exodus of French horses to Goodwood, consisting of Monarque, Paladin,' Florin, Po-
tocki, Ronzi, Chenette and Mademoiselle de Chantilly. Of these none won a single

The American Thoroughbred

race in England save Monarque, who, at odds of 100 to 12, annexed the Goodwood Cup
with 121 pounds, Riseber second with 100, and Fisherman, four years, 127 pounds, a
poor third. Gunboat, by Sir Hercules, was the favorite, but the field was a big one
and a collision occurred shortly after the start, in which Gunboat, Florin and Gemma
di Vergy were all knocked down, or the result might have been different for both
Florin and Gunboat were in great form just then. To show how untrue was that
winning it may be mentioned that on the 30th of September, Fisherman, Commotion
(by Alarm) and Saunterer (by Birdcatcher) went over to France to run for the Prix
de 1'Empereur at Chantilly against Monarque (122 pounds), Ronzi (108), and Made-
moiselle de Chantilly. Old Fisherman carried 129 pounds and so did Saunterer, while
Commotion had up 126 ; and the English horses finished in that order, not a single
French horse coming "inside the money."

The season of 1858 was destined to be the last on the turf of this equine hero, for
whom. in the stud, awaited greater triumphs than he had ever known on the turf, bril-
liant as had been his long career of five seasons. He opened the ball by winning the
Newmarket Handicap on April i6th, worth £845 ; and on the igth his stable companion,
Mademoiselle de Chantilly, won the City and Suburban at Eosom worth £1030 in a field
of twenty-six. Two days after that came the sad story of the Great Metropolitan, two
miles, in which the game and gallant Monarque broke down while running well to the
fore. While it is hardly fair to call him a first-class race horse, yet it is evident that

he "took a d 1 of a lot of beating." This is made more palpable by the fact that

Saunterer (never quite first-class) went over again to Chantilly to dispute for the
Emperor's prize, where he was met by Miss Cath, Ventre Saint Gris (French Derby
winner of that year) Le Zouave and Gouvieux. To the first named he gave ten pounds,
she being five, and to each of three-year-olds twenty pounds, he being four years old.
Yet he won with consummate ease.

Monarque's career in the stud was a brilliant one and yet he died at the age of
twenty-two from sheer neglect, his hoofs grown out as long as Mexican oysters and his
feet badly diseased. I can only attribute this to the fact that Comte de Lagrange was
merely a turf gambler and not a breeder. Nevertheless, Monarque achieved what no
other French stallions have ever done, before or since. His chief winners were Gladi-
ateur, Henry, Hospodar, Le Marechal, Infante, Villafranca, Gideon, Beatrix, Young
Monarque. Brigadier (imported to America) Auguste, Longchamps, Boulogne, Le Sar-
razin, Patricien, Trocadero, Consul, Don Carlos, Le Mandarin and last, but not least.
Reirie, winner of the One Thousand Guineas and the Oaks, both in France and Eng-
land. Trocadero won the Alexandra Plate at Ascot (three miles) with 149 pounds
in the saddle, and Henry carried off the Ascot Gold Cup at 4 years old with 126.

Fille de 1'Air, a brown filly by Faugh-a-Ballagh (St. Leger winner of 1844 and
sold to France at 10 years) was the great three-year-old of 1864, winning both the
French and English Oaks with ease, being afterwards the dam of Reine, above referred
to. In the spring of 1865 she was reported to be "going great guns" in her preparation
for the Chester Cup, the second of the great early handicaps. A bushel of French
money, as well as English, was thrown in on her and burnt up, the winner turning up
in Sir Joseph Hawley's colt Asteroid by Stockwell out of Teetotum. It subsequently
transpired that the wily French Count had put his money on Asteroid, the mare hav-
ing been stuffed with hay and water on the morning of the race. An ' investigation
was had, but dismissed as "not proven."

We now come to Gladiateur, the greatest horse ever foaled on the soil of France
and the second one of nine colts that have won "the triple crown" of the Engilish
Turf. He was about as ragged looking a specimen as was ever saddled for a race
but a perfect galloping machine. Nothing could stand against his long and friction-
less stride. He was foaled in the Royal Stud at Dangu in 1862, his dam being Miss

'The French Thoroughbred

Gladiator by Gladiator (son of Partisan) from Taffrail by Sheet Anchor from "the
Warwick mare" by Ardrossan. He was 15 hands three inches high at two years,
when he went over to England and won the Clearwell stakes (won by Hospodar two
years before) and ran a dead heat for third place in the Prendergast Stakes with a
very moderate horse called Longdown; and in the Criterion Stakes (won by Hospodar
in 1862) he ran unplaced to Chattanooga, who was good but nothing great. Glad-
iateur therefore retired for the winter with the reputation of "a good colt 'but not
great." Indeed, the best English judges placed him below Hospodar and about equal
with Gontran and Le Mandarin, of his own age, little dreaming of the surprise in
store for them next year.

The year 1865 will go down to all time as "The French Year." Gladiateur did
not take part in any of the early events in France, but showed up at Newmarket in
time for the Two Thousand Guineas, for which there were only seven starters, every
one being afraid of Liddington, the best two-year-old of 1864, and Bedminster, who
was reported to have done a great trial. The latter was therefore made a favorite
at 100 to 40, Liddington 3 to I, Breadalbane (brother to Blair Athol) 5 to i, Zambesi
10 to i, and Kangaroo 25 to i. Grimshaw was on the French colt and came in by
a narrow margin, two necks and two heads being all that separated Gladiateur from
Breadalbane, who was fifth. The finish did not therefore indicate Gladiateur to be
anything great. But in the Derby he showed his true caliber for he was "pocketed"
in all the early stages of the race and had to go around all his horses before reaching
Tattenham Corner, winning with consummate ease from Christmas Carol and Eltham,
whose price was 33 to i, which made people say it was "all wrong" and "an off year"
in England. The French spectators kissed one another in their delight and the cry
of "Revanche Pour Waterloo" was heard long after the winning jockey had weighed
out and the horse had been led away. "When Gladiateur gallops, the other horses seem
to stand still," said a London paper, the next day; and the Prince of Wales gave a
dinner to Comte de Lagrange, at which Lord Derby, a descendant of the nobleman for
whom the great Epsom race was named, made the speech of the evening, in which
he warmly congratulated him and his great horse and assured him of England's kindly
feelings toward himself and La Belle France.

The Grand Prix de Paris saw a good field assembled to meet the horse with
English laurels on his neck. There were Gontran, winner of the French Derby;
Vertugadin, brother to Vermont, who had won this race last year, beating the big
and bullocky Blair Athol ; Tourmalet, winner of the Poule des Produits ; Mandarin,
winner of the Prix de 1'Empereur, and Todleben, by Muscovite, the only English horse
in the race. In order to make the race appear exciting, Grimshaw had orders to
hold his horse back until the straight was reached and then set sail for home. The
boy obeyed the orders faithfully but deafening roars went up when they saw Gladiateur
come on with a whirlwind rush and mow down his horses till he finally got the
lead and won in a canter by two lengths from Vertugadin, Tourmalet being third
and Gontran fourth. The greatest horse France had ever seen went back to England
about a week later but took no part in the Ascot meeting. He came out at Goodwood,
however, to win the Drawing Room Stakes by forty lengths, in all but a walk from
his old antagonist Longdown ; walked over for the Bentinck Memorial at three miles ;
went back to France again, to beat Longdown one more, "by a town block" for the
Newmarket Derby, after that, carried off the St. Leger ; and finally started in the
Cambridgeshire Handicap, for which he carried 138 pounds. It is quite unnecessary
to say that he finished "in the steerage."

In 1866, he had six victories without a defeat. At the Newmarket Spring meeting
he w. o. for both the Derby Trial and the Claret Stakes; then went back to Paris
where he beat Fumee and Vertugadin sixty yards in the Prix de I'lmperatrice and La

148 The American Thoroughbred

Compe by ten lengths from Le Mandarin, Gontran and Ronce ; came back to England
to win the Ascot Cup by forty lengths from Regalia (Oaks winner of the previous
year) and Breadalbane, who was beaten away off. My mother (now four years dead)
saw that race. Gladiateur was very sore forward, so Jennings told Grimshaw to get
him down that hill as easily as possible. "It don't matter if you're a quarter of a
mile behind them," said Tom, "if you don't break him down, for as soon as he touches
the flat, he'll devour 'em." It turned out just as the shrewd trainer had told him.
"Grim" waited and waited until he was nearly 400 yards to the bad when he reached
the base of the hill. Count Lagrange and Lord Falmouth sat in front of where my
parents sat. Lord Falmouth said :

"He's a great horse, but I fear that Grimshaw has waited too long."

"Cest 1' instruction, monsieur. II veut gagne !" replied the Count.

"But look where he is — nearly a quarter of a mile in the rear," said Boscawen.

"N'importe, mon ami — II veut gagne."

Just then Grimshaw shifted his seat and rolled the bit through Gladiateur's mouth
and he tore along like a mad horse, on a stride of not less than twenty-four feet. Inch
by inch he crawled up till it became yard and yard. He overhauled the fast-fading
Breadalbane and then picked up the mare about 300 yards from home, winning in a
common canter by forty lengths. If the French were glad of his Derby victory, they
were now absolutely frantic. With over 40,000 people on the track, less than one-tenth
that number of Frenchmen furnished the noise for the entire crowd. One week from
that day, while riding along the Newmarket road with a friend in a dog cart, Harry
Grimshaw, as honest a lad as ever sat upon a horse, was thrown out and broke his
neck. George Pratt was then selected to ride Gladiateur in what was destined to
be his last race. He was taken back to Paris, where he won the Grand Prix de
1'Empereur (now called the Prix Gladiateur) which he won in hollow style from a
good field, Vertugadin being second again. I have heard he carried 153 pounds in
this but cannot write understandingly as I have never seen any printed details of the
race. He then retired to the stud and was a flat failure, getting no really good per-
formers and only one sire — Grandmaster, sent to Australia — of whom I will speak at
length in another department of this work.

"The triple crown" of England has been won nine times. My own belief is that
Ormonde, who died in this State, last spring, was the best of the nine, with Gladiateur
and Isinglass about tied for second place ; and Rock Sand, Lord Lyon and Diamond
Jubilee at the foot of the class. Gladiateur was certainly a better horse than West
Australian, the first horse to achieve the triple feat : West Australian, at four years,
carried 117 pounds, and beat Kingston, 5 years, 126 pounds, and Rataplan, 4 years,
117 pounds, for the Ascot Cup of 1854. Under the present scale of weights, West
Australian and Rataplan would have had to carry 126 on each and Kingston 131, which
would have given him the race beyond doubt. Contrast this with Gladiateur's defeat
(at 122 pounds for himself and Breadalbane and 119 for the mare) of his rivals at
Ascot, in which he outran them a quarter of a mile in the last ten furlongs and I
don't think "the West" makes any show whatever against the galloping machine from
France. At the outbreak (or shortly afterwards) of the Franco-Prussian war, Comte
de Lagrange sold all his horses ; and Gladiateur became the property of Mr. Blenkiron
for 5,800 guineas, to be resold, two years later to Mr. Harcourt for 7,000 guineas, when
Blair Athol brought 12,500 guineas and Breadalbane about half that sum. You want
to read some articles contributed by Lord Suffolk to the Badminton Library concern-
ing Gladiateur ; and you will readily understand how it was that he "donkeylicked"
all the best horses of his day and generation. Gladiateur was by long odds the best
horse ever foaled in France. No matter what horse was second, the son of Monarque
was indisputably first. It is worthy of remark that several of his French competitors

'The French thoroughbred

completely surpassed him at the stud and this is especially true of Vertugadin, while
Gontran, Le Mandarin and Tourmalet, if no better as sires, certainly could not have
been so very much worse. Grandmaster was the only son of Gladiateur for whom I
would give $200, and he did not resemble his sire in any particular.

It seems to me that the French are outbreeding the English in some directions,
more especially in the way of long-distance races. You go to Longchamps and you will
see, each day, at least three races above one mile out of the six or seven on the
card of the day. In England you hardly ever see two in one day at distances above
one mile, while in America we are living in the reign of the sprinter. Again in the
matter of horses of the Herod male line they are as far ahead of us as we are ahead of
England. I spent three months in England in 1901 and did not hear of nor see a
Herod horse that could command a fee of five guineas. In France I saw only Le
Sancy, a gray horse sixteen years old, bred from the male line of Pantaloon, through
Windhound, Thormanby, and Atlantic (winner of the 2000 guineas) that was a fine
horse in any country. He had the best legs and feet I ever saw under a horse of his
age, and his daughter, Semendria, had won the Grand Prix de Paris a few weeks be-
fore I arrived there.

The fact that the French have won six Ascot Gold Cups and three Alexandra
Plates in the last forty years, is not without its significance. Besides the highest weight
ever carried to victory in an Alexandra Plate (three miles) was by Trocadero, he by
Monarque (sire of Gladiateur) out of Antonia by Epirus, from the Ward of Cheap
by Glaucus. Monarque got Henry, who won the Ascot Cup of 18725 and Gladiateur,
who won it in such sensational style that it was a fruitful source of conversation for
the next ten years. The following French-bred horses have won the four oldest es-
tablished cups in England :

THE ASCOT CUP.

1866 Gladiateur 4 years 122 Ibs

1871 Mortemer 6 years 131 Ibs

1872 Henry 4 years 122 Ibs

1874 Boiard 4 years 122 Ibs

1878 Verneuil 4 years 122 Ibs

1898 Elf 2nd 4 years 126 Ibs

THE GOODWOOD CUP.

1804 Beggarman 5 years 117 Ibs

1853 Jouvence 3 years 79 Ibs

1855 Baroncino 3 years 83 Ibs

1857 Monarque 5 years 121 Ibs

1864 Dollar 4 years 126 Ibs

1873 Flageolet 3 years 105 Ibs

THE DONCASTER CUP.

1870 Sornette 3 years 98 Ibs

Louis d'Or / 7 miles 126 Ibs

THE ROYAL VASE.

1852 Leopold 3 years 97 Ibs

1878 Verneuil 4 years 122 Ibs

150 T'be American Thoroughbred

The Ascot and Goodwood Cups are two and one-half miles each ; the Doncaster
Cup, originally four miles, was reduced to .three, then to two and a quarter, and is
now two miles ; and the Queen's Vase at Ascot is two and one-quarter miles.

The French horses that won the Cesarewitch and Cambridgeshire were as given
below :

CESAREWITCH, 2J4 MILES.

1872 Salvanos 3 years 77 Ibs

Plaisanterie 3 years 109 Ibs

Tenebreuse 4 years 108 Ibs

THE CAMBRIDGESHIRE, i% MILES.

1861 Palestro 3 years 100 Ibs

1873 Montargis 4 years 1 1 1 Ibs

1874 Peut Etre 3 years 97 Ibs

1876 Jongleur '. 4 years 109 Ibs

1883 Plaisanterie 4 years 123 Ibs

The colt Chamant (full brother to Apremont, sent to Australia, and half-brother
to Rayon d'Or, St. Leger winner of 1879) was the only French colt to win the Two
Thousand aside from Gladiateur, the latter being the only one to win the Derby and
the only one, save Rayon d'Or, to win the St. Leger. The Oaks was won in 1864
by Fille de 1'Air, in 1872, by Reine in 1876 by Enguerrande and in 1897 by Limasol,
a daughter of Poulet.

Since the above was in type the great English filly. Pretty Polly, winner of four-
teen straight races at three years old, has been defeated on French soil by a French-
bred colt, a son of Reuil, who was by Energy, a son of the great Sterling. This race
was for the Prix de Conseil Municipale, an event at weight for age which is run at one
and one-half miles; and which was won in 1901 by Kilmarnock, an American-bred
horse owned by Hon. William C. Whitney, of ever-blessed memory. Whether the hith-
erto unbeaten daughter of Gallinule was amiss on that day, will never be known. If
she was, her trainer was certainly not aware of the fact. It is possible that she had
not recovered fully from the voyage across the channel, but the interesting fact is that
she finished in front of a dozen horses that had previously beaten the clever little
French horse that beat her. The trainer said he had no excuses to offer for the mare's
defeat; and, as he is a man of excellent reputation in a general way, the race can only
be regarded as one of those miracles that occur at intervals like Vermout's defeat of
Blair Athol or Caractacus' finish ahead of The Marquis in the Derby of 1862. Very
much depends, both in Europe and America, on the way in which the race is run.

I still believe that, when it comes down to a regeneration of the British thorough-
bred horse by introduction of Herod blood (for they have not got a Herod horse in
the whole United Kingdom that is worth one hundred dollars) they will prefer to
send to France for it. Mr. Allison has already sounded the key-note by his importa-
tion of Pastisson, a descendant of the Flying Dutchman, who was, in my belief, the
best Herod horse ever foaled. And yet I am equally strong in the opinion that Ham-
burg, son of Hanover, is the best sire from the line of the Byerly Turk that stands
upon the green earth.

PART VI.

The Austro-Hungarian Thoroughbred

Oft hid won the palm of glory,
Fleeting far before the rest;

Oft bis heels bad told the story

That brave Kisber has the best.

The ^ustro" Hungarian

Thoroughbred

The Empire of Austria, with Hungary attached thereto since 1849, must bear
about the same relation to England as California does to the Atlantic seaboard, being
a much warmer and drier climate, thereby enabling horses to acquire as much growth
and substance at twenty months as the English colt does in twenty-four, with better
lung-power. The Hungarians have been using the thoroughbred sire for their cavalry
horses for nearly a century, but breeding for the turf, as a natural consequence of the
establishment of race-courses at Vienna, Buda-Pesth, Warsaw and Prague, is of
comparatively recent origin. For while fifty years may be a long time in the life of
the individual man, it is a short one in the history of a nation. The first intimation
I ever had that they had racing in that part of the world was from the late Mr.
Richard Ten Broeck in 1862, when I wrote him in behalf of William M. Williamson,
of San Jose, to know if Starke, who had won the Goodwood Cup and Bentinck Me-
morial of the year previous, was for sale and, if so, at what price ? In reply I received
a letter accompanied by a lithographic portrait of Starke with Fordham in the saddle
and Ben Pryor holding him by the bridle ; and in that letter he informed me that
Starke (by Wagner-Reel) had broken down and he had sold him for $8,000 to the
Austrian Government. Several years later, I heard that a Derby race had been inaug-
urated at Vienna, subject to the same conditions as the English event of the same
name ; and that it had been won by a horse called Wissenrahd and that the American
stallion, Starke, was his sire.

Since then the Hungarians and Austrians have been big buyers of English horses
at the Tattersall sales, every year, and have occasionally secured big bargains by taking
what the English doctrinaires have rejected, a good deal in the same way as the
Australians secured Panic and Fisherman, and the Americans got hold of grand old
Leamington. In this way they managed to pick up two great sires :

BUCCANEER, foaled in 1857, by Wild Dayrell (Derby 1855) out of Cruiser's dam
by Little Red Rover (2nd in Derby 1830) from Eclat by Edmond, son of Orville.

CAMBUSCAN, b. h. 1861, by Newminster, out of The Arrow by Slane (son of Royal
Oak) from South Down (dam of Alarm, winner of Cambridgeshire and Ascot Cup) by
Defence, son of the great Whalebone.

I don't know what other prominent horses they bought from time to time from
the English and the French, but I do know that they got two good ones in the stallions
just above mentioned. Buccaneer, who was a rank "quitter" but with the speed of a

The American Thoroughbred

hurricane, got two winners of the Oaks, in Formosa and Brigantine, before his ex-
patriation, but there were greater honors hr store for him. The owner of Mineral,
by Rataplan, had sold her to Hungary just after she weaned her colt by Lord Clifden,
called Wenlock, who afterwards defeated the great Prince Charlie in the St. Leger.
Mineral was mated with Buccaneer and the result was Kisber, who won the Epsom
Derby and the Grand Prix de Paris in 1876; and he was rated to be from 7 to 10
pounds better than Petrarch (by Lord Clifden — Laura by Orlando) who not only won
the Two Thousand Guineas and St. Leger of that year but annexed the Ascot Gold
Cup in the year following. Kisber got a great many good horses during the one
season he made in England, among them the mare Fairy Rose which was imported to
California by the late Hon. Leland Stanford ; and which produced Racine, winner of
the Oakwood Handicap at Chicago in 1891 (about the best race of that whole year)
and Fairy, winner of twenty odd races, including the Palisade Stakes at Morris Park.
Fairy produced Indian Fairy by Iroquois, she being a winner of the Matron Stakes at
Morris Park. As a proof of the excellence of Fairy Rose. I would state that both
Racine and Fairy were by very inferior stallions, barely out of the third class. Kisber
was best on his native heath for he headed the list of sires in Austro-Hungary in
1889, 1890, 1891 and 1893, one of his sons being second to him in 1891 and third to him
in 1893 ; and that two other sons were ninth and twelfth in 1892. This, I think, shows
Kisber to have been a stallion of exceptional merit and far better than his half-brother,
Wenlock, although the latter horse and Hampton are the only two stallions since 1880
to get the dams of two Derby winners. Kisber got Crafton, who ran second to Paradox
in the Two Thousand Guineas and beat him afterwards at longer distances. Buccaneer,
the sire of Kisber, also got lolanta, who is found in California pedigrees as the grand
dam of the excellent little racehorse Indio (by imported Maxim) who has gotten several
good ones, including Hurstbourne, one of the best second-class horses in America.

CAMBUSCAN was a speed marvel at two years old and won the July Stakes of
1863 at Newmarket in such impressive style as to make him divide public sentiment
with General Peel and Scottish Chief for the mid-winter betting on the Derby of 1864,
which was won by the big and bullocky Blair Athol, with the two above horses placed
and the wonderful Cambuscan nowhere. Cambuscan got some good broodmares and
he also got Onslow, a horse good enough at two years to beat Cremorne, who was then
at his best and who won the Derby, Grand Prix de Paris and Ascot Cup in the next
two years.

CAMBUSCAN was sold to Hungary about his twelfth year and there he got a mare
whose performances are, in one sense, without a parallel. Her name was Kincsem,
named after the place where she was foaled ; and she was by Cambuscan out of Water
Nymph by Cotswold (son of Sir Hercules) from Mermaid by Melbourne. Kincsem
was raced three seasons, starting 54 times and winning every race she went for! Her
best performance was winning the Goodwood Cup of 1878, from Pageant and Lady
Golightly, the latter of whom was conceding Kincsem seven pounds ; and eleven others
were unplaced which does not argue a great deal, for Pageant, a five-year-old, was
carrying 121 pounds to Kincsem's 109. Of course, it sounds very loud to say that a
filly won 54 straight races, but Kincsem never met any such class as did old Rataplan,
who won 42 races out of 71; or Alice Hawthorn, who won 50^2 out of 68; or the in-
comparable Beeswing, who won 52 out of 63. In but few of her races did Kincsem
ever carry over 115 pounds, while Beeswing and Alice each carried from 126 to 129
on a dozen occasions. It was impossible to imagine a mare less fashionably bred than
Kincsem, yet she was a marvelous galloper like Robert the Devil, who was also of
decidedly plebeian lineage. Cambuscan was of a fairly good family, but not great.
He got the famous matron, Idalia, before leaving England for the land of the Magyars ;
and she produced five great sons in Sir Modred, Cheviot, Betrayer, Idalium and July.
Idalium, who died in California, was a good-looking horse but the poorest of the lot,.

The Austro- Hungarian 'Thoroughbred 755

whether considered as a performer or a sire. July occasionally got a good one. Be-
trayer got Grip, who won the Canterbury Cup, and the same race was won by Sir
Modred and by Cheviot also.

DONCASTER, by Stockwell, won the Derby at three and ran second to his stable mate,
Marie Stuart, in the St. Leger. He made three seasons in England and was then sold
for £13,000 to go to Austria, where he was placed under the charge of Count Lehn-
dorff, justly considered the greatest breeding authority in continental Europe. He got
some good horses in his new home, but nothing to compare with Bend d'Or, Muncaster
or even Town Moor.. Two of his sons, Derwentwater and Rossington — the latter a
full brother to that good filly, Farewell, who also won the One Thousand Guineas,
were imported to America. I consider Derwentwater much the best sire of the two,
though his opportunities have been very limited, because he gets good fillies which is
not true of every sire, however good. Doncaster was a horse of great size and substance,
resembling Stockwell more in that respect than other of his sons excepting, possibly,
Thunderbolt.

That they breed good horses in Austro-Hungary may be inferred from the fact
that Matchbox, who ran second to Ladas in the Derby of 1894, was sold for 12,000
guinea's with a further contingency of one thousand guineas, if he should win the
Grand Prix de Paris for which Ladas had not been nominated. He made the passage
across the channel without the usual sea sickness which so often attacks horses on
that voyage ; and was reported to be in first-class condition on the day of the race.
His price at starting in a field of eleven was 5 to 6, and the reader may judge of the
consternation which pervaded his backers when they saw the Hungarian-bred colt
Dolma Baghtske, who started at 30 to i, with but few takers, coming with a whirlwind
rush in the homestretch and winning by a neck from the heavily-played favorite.
Dolma Baghtske was by Krakatoa, son of Thunderbolt, who was the fastest horse that
the great Stockwell ever got.

The brothers De Reske, famous as opera singers, are extensive breeders in Hungary
and have a very beautifully kept farm of their own. They won the Austrian Derby at
Vienna three times in five seasons and with horses of their own breeding at that. The
famous old Prince Batthyany was a Hungarian nobleman whose estates were con-
fiscated by the Austrian crown at the close of the Magyar rebellion of 1848. He went
to England to reside and was a most devoted patron of the turf. He won the Derby
of 1875 with Galopin, whose fame as a sire is as wide as the world itself; and fell
dead from excitement on the course at Newmarket, on seeing the Two Thousand
Guineas of 1883 won by Galliard, son of Galopin, running in the colors of that mar-
velously successful breeder, Lord Falmouth.

Among stallions imported from England after the confiscation of Prince Batthy-
any's estates, were Chief Justice, Tupgill, Revolver, Grapeshot and Wilsford. In 1860
these were augmented by another importation of five stallions, Clincher, Oakball,
Valois, Amati and, last but not least, Fernhill (winner of the Great Metropolitan)
by Ascot-Arethusa, dam of Traducer. In 1864 came the Derby winner Teddington,
Ostreger (by Stockwell) and that good French horse, Bois-Roussel. In 1867 came
the universal amnesty and the Government paid $850,000 to the heirs of Casimir Batt-
hyany for his vast estate called Kisber, together with the horses1 thereon. In 1879 the
Government purchased Verneuil, the only horse to win the Alexandra Plate, Queen's
Vase and Ascot Cup in the same week. Sweetbread, Doncaster, Goodfellow (by Bar-
caldine) and Ruperra were added in a year or two later. Then came Sturminster by
Exning, Mount Gifford by Lord Hastings, Persistive by Fitz James, Balvaran by
Uncas-Lady Grace, Matchbox by St. Simon out of Match Girl. Several valuable im-
portations have recently been made and in 1900 the fifteen highest priced stallions were
as follows :

156 The American Thoroughbred

Bona Vista, by Ben d'Or — Vista by Macaroni.

Dunure, by St. Simon — Sunrise.

Gunnersbury, by Hermit — Hippia by King Tom.

Primas II., by Doncaster — Budagyonge (native).

Fenek, by Buccaneer — Helen Triomphante.

Bro. to Kisber, by Buccaneer — Mineral by Rataplan.

Galaor, by Insomnia — Fidelene (native).

Filou, by Gunnersbury — Fidget (native).

Moutbar, by Buccaneer — Duhart (native).

Kozma, by Balvany — Kesboske (native).

Culloden, by Doncaster — Caledonia.

Guerier, by Galopin — St. Kilda.

Gamache, by Galopin — Red Hot.

Deutscher Michel II., by Deutscher Michel I. — Furiosa.

Newsmonger, by Saraband — Scandal. *

Gaga, by Galopin — Red Hot.

Gaga is ow,ged by Count Elemer Batthyany, nephew of Count Casimir. He won
the Derby at A£0iaMe and in 1900 his son Arulo won the same race. The brother to
Gaga, Gamache, does not appear to have done so well.

Prince Louis Esterhazy is the Austrian military attache to the Embassy in London
and Mr. Allison gives a list of the mares selected by him for the Royal Austrian Stud
in the past fifteen years.

DATE NAME SIRE

1889 Red Hot Isonomy

Bel Esperanza Beauclere

" Thorgunna Ben d'Or

Response Queen's Messeng'r

" Saxon Queen Sir Bevys

1894 Shall We Remember Isonomy

St. Kilda Macheath

Our Mary Charibert

" Gladia Robert the Devil

Summit Isonomy

1896 Alicia Beau Brummel

1897 Isabelle Peter

Adornment Satiety

Petrel Peter

" Short Under Saraband

Creeping Jenny Mask

" Camiola Sterling

" Glengowan Wisdom

" Elspeth Rosebery

1898 Blissful Barcaldine

Mint o' Money Barcaldine

" Dereen Tibthorpe

" Diva Autocrat

" Crownthorpe Wisdom

The foregoing facts are gleaned from "Breeding on the Continent,'' a paper con-
tributed by Count Lehndorff to Mr. Allison's book; and my only regret is that I could

The Austro-Hungarian thoroughbred 757

not have had the space to permit its publication entire. The breeders of Austria and
Hungary are given a degree of assistance by the Government which is wholly lack-
ing in America and England. Some day the American people will awaken to the
necessity of national breeding farms for cavalry remounts.

I have pondered so much on this matter of breeding cavalry horses by the Federal
Government, and upon its general importance to the nation at large, that I actually
sent an advance proof sheet of the chapter relating to that subject to the President of
the United States about a month ago. Mr. Roosevelt has been a cavalry officer in
the national armies himself, and although I never saw him but once and have no per-
sonal acquaintance with him whatever, I am confident he will give the subject the bene-
fit of a thorough reading and a mature consideration, whenever he can get around to
it. Just at present, he is like his sylphlike predecessor, Mr. Cleveland, and "has a
Congress on his hands," after which he may find time to look it up at his leisure. That
he will take some definite step in that direction, on however a small scale, I am con-
fident for he is a fine rider and naturally has a deeply-rooted love for a good horse.
He can thank his life in the saddle, in the wilds of Montana, for the glow of ruddy
health which pervades his expressive countenance ; and I have no fear but that
the subject will receive a fair consideration at the proper time.

PART VII.

The Australian Thoroughbred

'•''And some would fight for their country and queen.

If but half a chance they had',
' T would be but a sorry world, I ween.

If we all went galloping-mad"

— KENDALL.

The Australian Thoroughbred

Here now is something of similar origin to the thoroughbred horse of America
and England, yet totally different in appearance and character. My kind old employer,
Harvey W. Scott, of the Portland Oregonian — a long way the best edited newspaper
on the Pacific Coast, by the way — said to me one day, "Tom, we're living in a world
where the next thing is something else." He said it in a half jocular way, but there
was in it an awful lot of food for reflection.

The Australian thoroughbred differs from his British congener more in substance
than in size. Mr. R. E. de B. Lopez and I were at Mr. Hobart's San Mateo farm
one day about fourteen years ago, looking over his stallion Stamboul, who had more
quality than any trotting-bred sire I can remember to have seen.

"And you tell me that horse has iio thoroughbred blood in him?" queried Mr. L.

"None that I have been able to fijld,' was my answer.

"Well, said Mr. Lopez, "you couicroirn that horse into a field of fifty thoroughbred
stallions that you and I both have seen ; and you could take the average Australian
into that field and tell him there was one stud horse there that was not thoroughbred
and it is dollars to doughnuts, as you Americans would say, that he would pick out
forty others before alighting on this chap."

The Sage of Pleasanton spoke truly. The Australian thoroughbred is, in most
cases, a heavier and coarser animal than the British thoroughbred or his American
congener. I know of but two American horses being taken to that country for stud
purposes — Washington, by Timoleon, in 1824, and Gilead, by St. Saviour (son of
Eolus) in 1897 or '98. Less than a dozen French horses have been taken to those
colonies — Royallieu (4th in Thormanby's Derby), Reugny and Apremont, the last
two to New Zealand. These are about all I can remember off-hand. Abercorn, the
handsomest big horse I ever saw, by the by ; Trenton, now at Cobham in Surrey ; and
Merman, Mrs. Langtry's marvellous handicap horse, are the exceptions most definitely
mirrored "in my mind's eye, Horatio." But for all these effects there must be an
origin and a well-explained cause.

The blackest spot in all England's escutcheon is the early history of her Australian
colonies. The cruelties which are told in Marcus Clarke's famous book, "For His
Natural Life" (the strongest novel since Victor Hugo's "Les Miserables," by the way)
are told with less exaggeration than most readers might imagine. If they were not true,
why did the Government, in 1887, send out a secret agent to Australia and Tasmania
to destroy all records concerning the transportation of criminals to that country and
everything having a bearing on their histories as penal colonies? It was the estab-
lishment of penal colonies at Hobart and Sydney (and worst of all, at Norfolk Island)
that demanded a thoroughbred horse of different texture and pattern from what we
now see upon our modern courses.

The penal settlement at Hobart was established about 1792, that at Sydney two
years later and the "hell upon earth" at Norfolk Island about 1800. The convicts at

162 T'be American Thoroughbred

Sydney hewed down red gum trees (eucalyptus) and cut them into heavy plank for
transportation to England. The ship that brought out a load of convicts took back
a load of timber and these ships arrived about every four months. Boys who had
committed the most trifling offenses, such as would now send them to a House of
Correction for about ten days, were put aboard these convict ships and sent out to
Australia in the company of murderers, thieves and firebugs ; in fact, the worst
criminals that could be found in Shoreditch, Wapping or Whitechapel. Some few with-
stood the temptation but most of the lads soon rivaled the older villains in their ras-
cality. The few that behaved well were let out on ticket-of-leave and tried to make
good citizens of themselves. But the majority were devils and "shapes' hot from
Tartarus."

The few decent and honest men who had gone to farming on the Parametta and
other streams (for Hume and Hoddle had not yet discovered the Murray) soon found
there was danger in being sober and honest. They could not travel through the dense
woods of New South Wales or Van Diemen's Land (as Tasmania was then called)
without being attacked either by treacherous savages with boomerangs and spears, or
by white bushrangers who had escaped from the penal stockades and would hesitate
at nothing in the way of brutality. To show the desperate straits to which they had
been driven (owing to the way that their officers had sold provisions intended for feed-
ing the prisoners and pocketed the proceeds), I will mention that six convicts stole
a bulldog belonging to one of the keepers and decoyed him out to about where the
Haymarket now stands. There they killed him and ate him. The keepers came upon
them while they were picking the bones and, six days later, every one of these poor
devils ended his days on the gallows. Is it any, wonder then that, under the charge
of such a monster as Major Merton Fouveaux (who figures in Marcus Clarke's book
as Capt. Maurice Frere,") these convicts became as savage as bears and hesitated at
no crime known to mortal man. All this is explanatory but to my idea necessary.

Those colonists who had money enough to send to England for horses, did so?
but many of the poorer ones contented themselves with the purchase of Arabians
which began to be shipped in from Ceylon and sold for £12 to £25. But while the
Americans were importing such worthless Derby winners as Archduke, Lapdog and
horses of that stripe, the Australians imported a totally different type of horses, se-
lected in England wholly with a view to endurance and carrying weight, with speed
as a third-rate consideration. One of their earliest importations was Toss, by Bourbon
(son of Sorcerer and sire of that great mare, Fleur de Lis) out of Tramp's dam by
Gohanna. They imported five sons of Melbourne, the heaviest-boned horse in Eng-
land or anywhere else. Collingwood, by Sheet Anchor out of Kalmia by Magistrate,
won the Royal Hunt Cup at Ascot in 1845 ; and as he was a very heavy-boned horse
himself and transmitted his heavy timber to most of his progeny, there were no fewer
than seven sons of Collingwood imported into the colonies. Another good-boned horse
imported just before these Collingwood horses was Aether, by St. Patrick out of Pas-
tille (Oaks and 2000 guineas of 1822) by Rubens. Aether ran a dead heat for the Grand
Duke Michael Stakes of 1839 with Euclid, who did the same thing with Charles XII
in the St. Leger of that same year. Two sons of Aether were imported to California
in 1852, one by J. Cooper Turner and the other by Capt. 1. G. B. Isham, of San Diego.
Mr. Turner's horse was called Chloroform and was sold to Capt. C. M. Weber, of
Stockton. He is to be found in the pedigrees of several 2 :y> trotters. The great long-
distance runner, Black Swan, was also by Aether and came over in the same ship
with Chloroform and Young Muley, he being by Muleyson, a son of English Muley.
Black Swan became the property of Don Ygnacio Sepulveda, of Los Angeles, whose
daughter married Thos. D. Mott, now less than one year dead. Col. Mott matched
Black Swan to run six miles against the Mexican horse, Sarco, who was a brown
gelding about fourteen hands high but very heavily built. The wager was six thousand

'The Australian Thoroughbred i6j

head of Mexican cattle (there were not two thousand head of American cattle in the
whole state at that time) a side, to be turned over to the stake-holders two days before
the race, which took place near El Monte about two miles from the present site of
Savanna. They ran to a stake three miles after turning which they headed for home.
Black Swan was trained by a Tennessee man named James Willett and ridden by an
Australian jockey named Alexander Marshall. Willett stationed his head lad, Dave
Tidwell, at the three-mile stake with a bucket of water and told him to sponge her
mouth out and wash her face. The Swan was about twenty lengths to the good on
reaching the post and by the time Tidwell got her face washed the Mexican horse was
over sixty lengths ahead of her, but Aleck soon made that up and won by over two
hundred yards. I very much regret that I have never been able to get authentic pedi-
grees of any of these early Australian importations into California.

But that was the type of horses they needed in Australia, prior to the discovery
of gold — horses that could carry weight and go a distance for the woods were full of
vile bushrangers to whom murder was amusement ; and treacherous negroes, who were
the nearest thing to wild beasts that a man ever saw and who, in spite of their spindle
legs, could run faster than nine white men out of every ten. Hence it is plainly to be
seen that the early Australian colonists bred solely for stoutness and ignored extreme
speed. Up to the present writing none of the Australian colonies has ever imported a
Derby winner. South Australia imported Gang Forward (by Stockwell — Lady Mary
by Orlando) who won the Two Thousand Guineas in 1873; and New South Wales
imported Hawthornden, by Lord Clifden out of Bonny Blink by the Flying Dutchman,
who won the St. Leger of 1870. He was about as long-backed and badly put together
a brute as I ever laid my eyes on .and how he ever won anything above an over-night
selling race passes my comprehension.

Such, then, were the earlier importations of stallions into the Australian colonies.
After the discovery of gold by Hargraves, in 1852, the people began to breed more
for speed and paid less attention to the stoutness and weight-carrying ability that
had been the chief objects of the pioneer days. Here we call a horse well-boned that
measures eight inches around the forward cannon-bones. There it is no harder to find
a horse that will measure nine inches under the knee than it is here to find one that
measures eight. And I can remember the venerable William Gosper, of Windsor on
the Hawkesbury, then over 93 years old, saying to me, "Yes, Muster Murry (he always
called me that) Abercorn is a very 'ansome 'orse, but lie's a trifle light under the
knees and 'ocks."

"I don't call him so," I replied, "he measured 8^ inches under the knee and 8^4
under the hock, when I was over at Tom Payten's stable the other day."

"Ah, that would be a very good measure for a little 'orse like Commotion or
Frying Pan, but you must remember that Abercorn is barely five years hold and stands
above sixteen and an 'arf 'ands already. So that he is really a light-boned 'orse for
his height."

The great distinguishing horse of pioneer days was Emigrant, imported by Captain
Rons of the Royal Navy. He had designed to set up two of his younger relatives in
sheep-breeding business in New South Wales and had therefore brought them out this
stallion and two mares, while his brother, Lord Stradbroke, contributed two more fillies
to help the lads along. "I never saw," said old Mr. Gosper, "an 'orse that I liked better
than Rous's Emigrant. His 'oofs looked like they wor made of granite and, at eighteen
years old, there was not a blemish of any sort on his legs. They're not a-breedin'
that clahss of 'orses nowadays. Heverything for speed now, you know, Muster Murry.
I see where somebody, down to Hadelaide, got out an 'orse from 't'ould country, lahst
week. He's called Nautilus, by 'Ermit, a full brother to Marden and The Habbot, none
of them any real good. They're what you Americans call quitters, not a game 'orse
in the lot that could stand a bit of floggin' ! Why, I read where Marden ran a dead

164

American Thoroughbred

'eat with two others, somewhere in t'ould country. Think of three beggars like that,
not fast enough to beat one another."

Rous' Emigrant paved the way for a magnificent lot of horses and transmitted his
superb legs and feet to nearly all of them. If he had done nothing but get Zohrab
and Alice Gray (the grand dam of Yattendon, whom I deem one of the ten great
stallions of the universe) that alone should have immortalized him.

This horse's services to the colonial breeders were of such an exalted nature that
he occurs in the pedigrees of many of their highest-bred native horses. I don't re-
member of any other imported ones, but I do know that both Artillery, owned at
Rancho del Paso, and Foul Shot, the property of Mr. Bernard Schreiber, of Bridgeton,
Missouri, have each a cross of Emigrant and it is a very good thing to have in a horse.
He is described to me as a horse with legs like whalebone and hoofs that could not
have been harder had they been made of vulcanized rubber. But such was the char-
acter of the pioneer importations. They wanted sound and strong horses and speed
was a secondary consideration.

YATTENDON is by long odds the representative horse of Australia, among the
native product, at least. He was foaled in 1861 and died long before I got there. Mr.
Bruce Lowe described him to me as a dark brown, about fifteen hands, three inches
high at five years old. "He was decidedly narrow as a three-year-old, but had a splendid
back and loin and the broadest gaskins I ever saw under a horse," said Mr. Lowe.
"He continued to widen behind as he grew older and at six he was a model. Your
imported Leamington must have been a good deal such a looking horse behind the
saddle."

,1 .-£ j The Colonel, ch. .,. ,8,5. | Kgfc Vf'Vefe^ WaX"-

IP | Sister to Cactus, b. < ,82p j ^'ss'of Y^by^at™' '

f'0

c- , , , Q (• I Whalebone, br. h., iSo"7, by Waxy.

Sir Hercules, br. h, 1826. } peH by w^nderer;

W

•7:

3

I Paradigm, ch. m., 1819.
f Priam, b. h., 1827.

» . I Ally, b. m., 1818.

*

cr •{ Hc£
H * w

^

{ Partisan by Walton.
( Bizarre by Peruvian.

Emilius, b. h., 1820, by Orville.
Cressida by Whisky.

Partisan by Walton.
Jest by Waxy.

Pioneer by Whiskv-Prunella.

•O

=

u

gj f Rome's Emigrant, br. h, j P™" %™££

Young Gohanna by
Ultima by Hollyhock.

.-H (-1

<*S

| ±^ , o ( Young Gohanna by Gohanna.

[ *Gulnare, gr. m., 1822. j

*Bred in England.

I have no detailed account of his performances, save that he won the Sydney Cup,
two miles, at four years old, with 122 pounds ; and that in the Great Metropolitan
Handicap, at five years old, with 124, he was beaten a length by Bylong with 98, cov-
ering the two miles in 3 137, then the fastest race yet run South of the Equator. In
the Melbourne Cup, run five weeks later, he carried 128 pounds, but ran unplaced,
the race being won by the Colonial-bred Tim Whiffler (son of New Warrior), Sea
Gull being second. She was by imported Fisherman (twice a winner of the Ascot Cup)

The Australian 'Thoroughbred 165

out of imported Omen by Melbourne. Fisherman died beiore Yattendon went to the
stud, so he never served any of Yattendon's daughters.

Yattendon got many good winners, his two best being Grand Flaneur and brave
little Chester. The latter was a brown horse, rather on the small order, but of as per-
fect conformation as one could desire. That he was a marvelous racehorse may be
inferred from the fact that he started but twice in races under one mile, all his other
efforts being from one mile to three. He was beaten at the latter distance by First
King, a large and well-grown three-year-old, carrying 102 pounds, while Chester, a
much smaller horse, had up 129 pounds, being then five years old. They covered the
distance in 5 126, then the world's record. If you wanted a consistent performer, then
Chester should have suited you, for he started 41 times, won 19 races and was only
four times unplaced. Chester's dam was imported Lady Chester by Stockwell, out of
Austrey by Harkaway, from Zeila by Emilius, from Appolonia by Whisker, the latter
mare being a full sister to Delphine (dam of Monarch and Herald), imported into
South Carolina by Col. Wade Hampton. Chester headed the list of Winning Sires in
1887, mainly through the victories of his peerless son Abercorn, who won the Sydney
Derby at three and the Great Metropolitan at five, carrying 134 pounds in a field of
22 starters and winning in a common canter in 3 134^ for the two miles. In 18891
Chester was again first, through Dreadnaught and Spice, the latter a sister to Aber-
corn. She won the Oaks both at Sydney and Melbourne, while Dreadnaught carried
off the Victoria Derby, both the St. Legers and wound up the season by winning the
Australian Cup, 2J4 miles, in 3:59//2, with 118 pounds. When you consider that the
dead heat for the Saratoga Cup of 1875 (Springbok and Preakness) was made by two
aged horses with 115 pounds on each, this performance of Dreadnaught's does not
suffer by comparison. Another son of Chester's — Carlyon, out of imported Moonstone
by Blair Athol — also won the Australian Cup at the same age and the same weight,
but not in so fast time, but Carlyon "put it all over" Enfilade and Cyclops in the Loch
Plate (two miles) in the same week, covering the distance in 3 :35 on a track that was
slippery from a recent rain. Abercorn was such a good horse at weight for age that
his owner declined to let him run in any more handicaps after he won the Metropolitan;
and, at that same meeting, Abercorn carried off the Randwick Plate, three miles, in
5 :25 with 134 pounds up, winning by a dozen lengths. He is now owned in Ireland,
but I saw him at Cobham in Surrey in September, 1901.

And now for one of the three great three-year-olds of the century, Ormonde,
and Henry of Navarre being the other two. Grand Flaneur was bred by Andrew
Town at his Tournaville Stud near Richmond, N. S. W. His dam was an imported
mare called First Lady by St. Alban's (St. Leger and Chester Cup of 1860) out of
Lady Patroness by Orlando, from Lady Palmerston by Melbourne, from a full sister
to Jocose (dam of Macaroni, Derby of 1863) by Pantaloon. The rest of the pedigree
is that of the immortal Touchstone and his brother, Launcelot, both St. Leger winners.
Grand Flaneur was a very large bay horse, quite sixteen hands high at three years
old and, being very growthy, was not trained at two. Before arriving at three he was
sold to Mr. William A. Long, who owned the Chipping Norton Farm, not far from the
Warwick Farm race-course, about thirty miles out of Sydney. He won nine straight
races without defeat, including the Victoria Derby, Melbourne Cup and Royal Park
Plate (2l/2 miles) all in the short space of eight days. In the fall of that year he
won both St. Legers and wound up his glorious career by winning the Champion Race,
three miles, in a canter. But the question had been asked of this peerless colt just
once too often, for he broke down in the first strong move he got after winning the
Champion. In appearance he was very much after the style of Mr. Baldwin's Emperor
of Norfolk, save that he had a better set of legs and not so much daylight under him.
He got two good performers in Bravo and Patron, both winners of the Melbourne
Cup, and the latter is the only four-year-old in history to win that event with 126

166 T'he American Thoroughbred

pounds. But his grandest horse, to my eye, is Merman, now in England and owned by
Mrs. Langtry. Planet, by Revenue out of Nina by Boston, from an imported mare by
Lottery, was "the traveling, conquering terror" of all the Eastern tracks in America
up to the time of "the late unpleasantness," to borrow a Nasbyism ; and Merman
resembles him more than any other horse I ever saw, save that he is of more substance
than Planet, and, in covering condition, would outweigh him over one hundred pounds.
Merman won so many races in the Colonies that they saw there was no more chance
for him there, so the International Horse Exchange bought him for the "Jersey Lily,"
in whose colors he won the Lewes Handicap and Cesarewitch at five years ; and the
Ascot and Goodwood Cups at six, walking over for the latter event (with 129 pounds)
for the third time in just seventy-five years. The previous walk-overs for the Goodwood
Cup were Stumps (by Whalebone) in 1826 and The Bard (by Petrarch) in 1886, so
the reader can judge for himself whether the English race-goers regarded Merman
as a racehorse of high-class or not. I saw him last on a rainy day, but the dear old
red brick house at Cobham held nothing but sunshine with Mr. Allison's family all
there and with their kindly greeting to the strangers from the shores of the sunset
sea. The total absence of all formality made the day one never to be forgotten by the
wayfarers. It takes hearts to make homes, after all.

One word more about Yattendon. It is not every horse whose sons go out of
three seasons with over £40,000 to their credit, but Yattendon's name is not perpetu-
ated by Grand Flaneur, Chester, Patriarch and Emerald alone. He was equally as
famous as a broodmare sire and no stallion ever owed more to a predecessor in the
stud than Musket and Grandmaster owed to Yattendon. At the Melbourne Cup .meet-
ing of 1889 when Bravo carried off the coveted prize, there were thirty races in all,
three of which were won by male-line descendants of Yattendon ; thirteen by sons of
Yattendon's daughters ; and three by horses whose dams were by Goldsbrough, out of
Yattendon mares. Of course, the great Lexington made a better showing than that for
years, so far as his daughters were concerned, but Lexington's best son (as a sire)
was War Dance, who was barely second-class as a sire of performers ; and as no
son of Lexington was ever within ten miles of either Chester or Grand Flaneur, as a
sire. No portrait of Yattendon is to be found, but Mr. Lopez tells me that in confor-
mation he greatly resembled our American phenomenon, Boston.

FISHERMAN was an older horse than Yattendon, having been foaled in 1853.
He was raced originally by a Mr. Starkey and afterwards by old Tom Parr (at one
time owner of Rataplan and Fandango), who won over £80,000 on the turf and yet
died a pauper in a workhouse. Fisherman started 131 times and won 70 races, the
Queen's Vase once and the Ascot Cup twice. The last race he ever won was at seven
furlongs, with 153 pounds in the saddle, which would be considered a pretty good bur-
den in a steeplechase. He lost in his last six starts and believing him about used up,
he was retired and made the season of 1860 but got only a few mares, as his breeding
was deemed unfashionable. They did not stop to look over his female tail-line or
they would have seen that his great grand-dam was full sister to Memnon, who won
the St. Leger ; that his next dam won the Oaks and produced Belshazzar, while her
full sister carried off a St. Leger in the next year; and that from the next dam,
Mandane, came Lottery and Brutandorf, to say nothing of Liverpool, the sire of that
marvelous campaigner, Lanercost. So Fisherman only got five foals out of six mares.
Before the next season rolled around, a ship came in from Australia having on board
two lucky gold-diggers named Charles and Hurtle Fisher. They had come to England
to buy horses with a view to breeding racers according to colonial time, where a horse
is a year old on the first day of August following his birth. The "boosters'" were .at
once set to work to induce them to buy Fisherman and the champagne flowed like water
with that end in view ; and the trick won out, for the old brown son of Heron and

The Australian Thoroughbred id1/

Mainbrace was bought by them, together with the following Belgravian matrons for
export :

S \VERTH A, by The Flying Dutchman, out of Patience by Lanercost, from Billet
Doux by Gladiator. In foal to Rataplan.

MARCHIONESS, Oaks winner of 1855, by Melbourne, out of Cinizelli (afterwards
dam of The Marquis, who won the St. Leger of 1862) by Touchstone. In foal to Stock-
well.

JULIET, by Touchstone, out of Lancashire Witch (Champagne Stakes 1844) by
Tomboy from Lady Moore Carew (dam of Mendicant) by Tramp. In foal to Stock-
well — produced Chrysolite as result.

OMEN, by Melbourne, whose dam I have forgotten.

ROSE DE FLORENCE, br. m., by The Flying Dutchman, out of Boarding School Miss
by Plenipotentiary, from Marpessa (2nd dam of Stockwell) by Muley.

There were two other mares that I have forgotten, but they all turned out well.
Fisherman, judging from the portrait in the office of the Australian Jockey Club at
Sydney, was a horse for which I would not have given $100 as a stallion, unless I
had been looking on the Scotch when it was a highball." He was about sixteen hands
high and very leggy, being quite short in the back and considerably "tucked" in the-
thighs. A more ragged-looking brute was never seen unless it wras that marvelous
French horse, Gladiateur. Not only that, but he was the shortest-bodied horse for his
height — the great Ormonde not excepted — that anybody ever saw. For all that he
bred as much class as any horse ever taken to that country for he only made two full
seasons and died of apoplexy. He is buried on Maribyrnong hill, about half a mile
from the Flemington track which I deem the handsomest race-course in the world.
Lindsay Gordon, in his inimitable ballad of the Malbourne Cup, says :

"Though feathery ferns and grasses wave

On the sward where Lantern sleeps ;
Though the sod is green on Fisherman's grave,
The stable its prestige keeps."

Fisherman got Angler, who won both Derbys and the Victoria St. Leger; and
his full brother, Fish Hook, who won the Champion Race at three miles., both being
out of imported Marchioness. He also feot Sylvia, a great" performer in her day and
subsequently dam of Martini Henry, by Musket; and of Goldsbrough (by Fireworks),
one of the greatest racehorses that ever lived. He won the Great Metropolitan two .
miles in 3 132^4 with 129 pounds, at 5 years old, whereas, it took Sir Modred 3 134^2
to cover the same ground with 122 pounds. If Sir Modred was first-class, what was
Goldsbrough? Fisherman got two entire horses from Rose de Florence — Ferryman
and Maribyrnong, the former of whom was good without being great. But Mari-
byrnong. though it was claimed that he never got a really first-class horse, got four
Derby winners and six of the two St. Legers — four at Sydney and two at Melbourne.
His daughters bred well to everything and especially to the sons of Yattendon and
Musket. Fisherman also got Sea Gull, who ran second to the Colonial Tim Whiffler
in the Melbourne Cup of 1866, and who would have won it had she not gone out so
early and set a hot pace ; and then, if Gordon's poetry is correct, she was beaten by
the shortest of necks.

Chrysolite, by Stockwell, out of Juliet by Touchstone, above referred to, was bred
to Ajigler, son of Fisherman and Marchioness and produced Robinson Crusoe and
Onyx, the latter being afterwards famous as the dam of Nordenfelt (by Musket), who
won both Derbys while his stable companion, Matchlock, lugged off both St. Legers
in that year. Robinson Crusoe took his name from being saved from the wreck of the.
City of Melbourne, a steamer that foundered just abreast of the Coogee Aquarium. She

1 68 'The American Thoroughbred

had some sixty race horses on board and the son of Angler and Chrysolite was the only
one saved. Robinson Crusoe won the Sydney Derby and the Champion Race at 3
miles ; and was the sire of two good brothers — Trident and Navigator — each of which
won a Derby and a St. Leger, and Trident won the Champion in all but record time.
Nordenfelt headed the list of Winning Sires in 1892 and was the biggest thorough-
bred horse I ever saw. He was 17 hands high, no taller than our Longfellow, but
a heavier horse in equal flesh by at least 150 pounds. His back looked like an island.
Two sisters to Martini Henry and one to Nordenfelt were shipped to England to be
mated with first-class sires, but none of them produced anything above the selling
plater class. Robinson Crusoe was strictly first-class, as a sire and one of his sons—
Sunrise — has gotten more winners of races in each year since 1888 than any other
stallion on the great South Continent, but he never figures better than twelfth on the
list because his get win their races away out on the back blocks, running for small
purses.

MUSKET is the next great horse in Australian history. He was bred in England
and foaled in 1867. In 1870 he won three Queen's. Plates and the Ascot Stake? at
two miles, declaring himself as a noted "sticker" even at that early age. At four
years of age he was the contending horse in what was probably the most desperate
finish ever run on Ascot Heath. It was for the Alexandra Plate, a few feet over 2^
miles, in which he carried 126 pounds to Rosicrucian's 132, and was beaten a head, the
third horse Dutch Skater (who won the Great Metropolitan and Doncaster Cup of
that year) being beaten over sixty lengths. No such ding-dong finish as that had been
seen since Camarine, by Juniper, defeated Rowton (St. Leger of 1829 and imported into
America) for the Ascot Cup of 1832. Next year Musket shouldered his five-year-old
impost of 132 pounds and won the Alexandra Plate easier than Rosicrucian had done in
the previous year, after which he retired to the stud where he got Petronel, winner
of the Two Thousand and Doncaster Cup in Bend d'Or's year ; Dan Godfrey, never
trained but a fairly good sire; and Gisela, dam of Hambledon (by Standard) who
won six Queen's Plates and the, Doncaster Cup of 1885. Musket had just concluded
his first season when his owner, the eccentric Lord Glasgow, died of a brief illness. By
the terms of his will, all of his horses were to be retained by his heirs unless they saw
fit to kill them. They could shoot just as many as they liked but must not sell one.
Just then Major J. S. Walmsley, of Auckland, New Zealand, arrived in London with
orders for Thomas Morrin, of Sylvia Park, to purchase some mares and stallions.
Morrin was an iron-monger, a native of Canada and about as genial a man as could
be found at the antipodes; and he had given Walmsley carte blanche to purchase the
best stallion and twelve mares that he could find. Walmsley knew that a horse that
could not stay two miles could not win any of the big handicaps in Australia and, as
Musket had been a noted "sticker" he wanted him for premier of Sylvia Park, but
the terms of the will were in the way. They finally got around it by Mr. Walmsley's
paying£i,750 for a ninety-nine years' lease to Thomas Morrin. Some of the mates
that accompanied him were superbly bred and among them were :

MERSEY, by Knowsley, out of Clemency by Newminster, afterwards dam of Car-
bine, who won the Melbourne Cup of 1890 with 145 pounds up.

MACKSICKAR AND L'ORIENT, by Knight, out of Garter, who ran second to Vauban
in the Two Thousand Guineas.

ROSETTE, by Lord Lyon (Derby of 1866), out of Rouge Rose (dam of Bend d'Or,
(Derby of 1880) by Thormanby.

RAMBLING KATIE, by Melbourne, out of Phryne (sister to Flatcatcher) by Touch-
stone.

DUNDEE'S KATIE, by Dundee, out of Rambling Katie.

FLEUR ANGE, bred in France, by Consul, son of Monarque.

The Australian Thoroughbred 169

PETROLEUSE, by Oxford (son of Birdcatcher) out of Hartshorn by Mountain Deer.
TITANIA, by Orest, out of Lady Queen Mab by Lambton.

I cannot remember all the rest of the consignment, but there were native mares
at home just as good as they were. Of course Carbine, out of Mersey, was the great-
est performer Musket ever got, but he was no such sire as Nordenfelt, out of Onyx, or
Hotchkiss out of Petroleuse. He got Wallace out of a sister to Melos but, outside of
him, most of Carbine's get were delicate and did not train on. Nordenfelt headed
the list of sires in 1892, but died in the following year. Trenton, owned by Dan
O'Brien when he ran in the Melbourne Cup (and he and Commotion were the only
two horses ever to be twice placed for that event) was sold to Andrew Town af six
years old and at his death became the property of William R. Wilson of Geelong.
Through the victories of Aurania, Aurum and others of note, Trenton became premier
sire of Australia in 1895 and held it for five seasons, even after he had been exported
to England, being the only stallion to hold supremacy for that period, as against four
seasons each for Yattendon and M aribynong ; and three each for Chester and Musket. I
sa\y old Trenton in England three years ago and my wife said he was a long way the
most majestic-looking old horse she had ever seen. I think it a great pity he was
ever sent over to England for he has not done any too well there ; and in Australia he
got race horses from mares that had never produced decent selling platers to any other
stallion, being the only horse in Australian history to get winners of over £18,000
in a single season. This looks like small money, as compared with the returns from
some of our American sires, but is explained by the fact that they have no winter
racing in that country, which is all the more to their credit. The old saying that "A
merciful man is merciful to his beast" is just as true today as it was on the day it
was first uttered.

Musket was strictly a male-line horse as much so as Goldsbrough was a female-line
stallion. Musket's daughters are very inferior broodmares, Industry (sister to the
Oaks winner Pearl Shell) being about the best of the lot. On the other hand, Tren-
ton, Nordenfelt, Carbine and Hotchkiss, have all had one or more seasons where they
have had above $40,000 to their credit. Add to these the moneys won by the get of
such fairly good sires as Escutcheon, Musk Rose, Medallion, Cuirassier, Brigadier,
Jacinth, Tranter and horses of that class ; and you will see that Musket is still ia
potent factor in the Australian stud. Just which of his descendants is now the bet-
ter sire I am unable to say, but am of a belief that Wallace, by Carbine out of Me-
lodious by Goldsbrough, is as good as any of them if not the very best. He certainly
was one of the best weight-for-age horses ever seen anywhere. It is singular that
Musket's daughters have not produced any better than they have for they were nearly
all large and roomy. I brought three of them from Australia to America and I
ought to know whereof I speak. I wish they had been by Goldsbrough. Now there
is a fam'ily of thoroughbreds that Americans do not know much about, being an off-
shoot of the famous Tramp who won the Doncaster Cup of 1814 when it was run at
four miles. As Goldsbrough headed the list of sire's in 1886, through his son, Arsenal,
winning the Melbourne Cup, I append his breeding.

IfO

be

The American Thoroughbred

( Weatherbit

•"? fc'-i

S C 5

f Kelpie, imp.

Gas Light, imp

j Sheet Anchor by Lottery
( Miss Letty by Priam

Child of the Mist | St- F.ran(Js b,y St Patrick
( 1 aunna by 1 aurus

J3 +->

bo rt
3 S0
o

o

f Fisherman

Juliet

3

Sir Hercules

Factory Girl

Heron

Mainbrace

f Touchstone

I. Lancashire Witch

( Whalebone by Waxy
( Peri by Wanderer

j Lamplighter by Merlin
( Spinning Jenny

( Bustard by Castrel
j Daughter of Orville

I Sheet Anchor (above)

} Bay Middleton m — Nitocris

j Camel by Whalebone
( Banter by Master Henry

j Tomboy by Jerry

( Lady Moore Carew by Tramp

From the above it will be seen that Goldsbrough had five crosses of Waxy and
six of Orville, the two greatest sires between 1800 and 1815; and three of Whalebone
and one of his brother Whisker (also a Derby winner) with three of Tramp, Whale-
bone and Tramp being the two best sires between 1820 and 1835, together with two
additional crosses of Dick Andrews, sire of Tramp. Could any pedigree surpass that
for stoutness? And yet that horse with at least ten crosses of Sir Peter, by long odds
the best sire between 1795 and 1810, never got a horse good enough to be called a
second-class sire. I offered $7,000 for his son, Cardigan, who won the Hawkesburj
Handicap of 1887 and the Great Metropolitan also, as well as the Summer Cup of 1888.
His dam was imported Signora by Newcastle out of Actress by Stockwell ; and he
resembled our Harry Bassett more than any horse I ever saw. save that he was a.
heavier horse. He had broken down in training about six weeks previously and was
still low in flesh; and for all that he weighed 1142 pounds on a hay scale which I
suppose to have been correct. And, let me add, that I am now very glad that I did
not get him.

Several sons of Musket have been imported into the United States, but Maxim,
out of imported Realization by Vespasian (brother to Sabinus) was worth all the rest
of the lot. He got winners of $8,820 in his first American season and of $14,259 in
the second at the conclusion of which he died. Maxim left several sons that' are doing
fairly well in the stud, the best being Altamax, out of Altitude by Alarm, running
back on the female tail-line to little Queen Mary of blessed memory. Altamax made
a big show in his first season but nothing from him showed for much in the next. Come
to find out about it, he had been given a year's vacation and the mares bred to him
were mated with Eddie Jones, by Morello; and to Colonel Wheeler, by Midlothian,
leaving Altamax without any enjoyment that year. They say they (Burns and Wa-
terhouse) have some good ones from Altamax coming on next year; and I sincerely
hope it is true, for they are most amiable and hospitable gentlemen, as well as the
gamest kind of betters, when they have a really good horse to start in a race. Maxnic,
out of Pic Nic by Mr. Pickwick (son of Hermit) is said to be getting some fine
youngsters but none of his get have so far appeared on the turf. Whenever he out-
breeds Altamax, I shall transfer my allegiance to him, but so long as Altamax holds
the lead over him I shall pin my faith upon the son of Altitude as the best — and a good

'The Australian 'Thoroughbred //./

deal the best — son of Maxim, who, to borrow the language of Henry the Eighth,
"should have died hereafter.'' I once asked Tom Payten, by far the best trainer I
met in Australia, what was the hardest race the great Abercorn ever won. He an-
swered without a moment's hesitation, "The race where he beat Maxim when they
were two years old." Such an opinion and from such a source was worthy of recol-
lection.

Kelpie, the sire of Fireworks, who was a great performer and the only horse in
all Australian history to win three Derbys, was imported from England and was a full
brother to Diomedia, the second dam of Trappist, sire of 1'Abbesse de Jouarre. He is
described to me as an enormous red chestnut, standing sixteen hands, three inches
high and dividing with Talk o' the Hill, the honor of being the largest and best boned
stallion imported since the discovery of gold. He stood over a great deal of ground
and measured over nine inches around his cannon bones. He was kept near Albury,
on the Murray rLver, for some time, where his fee was only £7.10, but after Fisherman
died (to whom Gas Light had produced a winner of the Champion race, 3 miles) the
mare was sent to Kelpie and the result was Fireworks, who was, Bruce Lowe told me,
the handsomest horse he ever saw. Nothing could surpass the sculptured beauty of his
head and neck, nor the lofty carriage with which he paraded himself both in training
and in the stud. He died very young which was a great misfortune for, as an ex-
ponent of the line of Tramp, he must have been nearly as good as Lanercost or Rosi-
crucian, and better than anything else descended from the loins of the great Bishop
Burton horse that was the first three-year-old to win the once dearly-prized Doncaster
Cup.

NECKERSGAT fills such an important place in Australian pedigrees that I feel he
deserves some mention here, particularly as he was one of the first ten stallions on the
list for no less than twelve years. He was nearly as large a horse as Kelpie and a great
deal coarser and, in my belief the best stallion that ever descended from the male line
of that hardluck horse, Ion, by Cain, who ran second in the Derby to the worthless
Amato and second in the St. Leger to Don John, of whom I speak in another part of,
this book, devoted to American horses. A Mr. Gerrard, of South Australia, sent to
England for a big horse — he wanted to breed hunters for that beautiful country around
Adelaide. The horse that came out for him was Talk o' the Hill, a total failure as a
race horse but a magnificent individual, said to be the biggest horse that ever crossed
the equator for he stood seventeen hands barefooted and girthed seven feet two and
one-half inches. His bone was in proportion to his size. Now, then, "take hoff
yer 'at." He was by Wild Dayrell (Derby of 1855) out of Ayacanora by Birdcatcher,
from Pocahontas (dam of Stockwell, Rataplan and King Tom) by Glencoe. Noth-
ing could be more finely bred for while Wild Dayrell — the most beautiful horse of
his day — was no great success as a sire, he got Buccaneer, the best Herod line stallion
of the past seventy years, barring Lexington in America. There was no horse of
Buccaneer's day that got any such horse as Kisber or such a filly as Formosa.

About the same time Talk o' the Hill came out, a mare was brought to Adelaide
called Miss Giraffe. She was by King Tom, out of Giraffe by Melbourne, from Molly
by Pantaloon, from Industry (Oaks winner of 1838 and dam of Lady Evelyn, Oaks of
1849) by Priam. This mare's first produce to Talk o' the Hill was Neckersgat, as
coarse a horse as ever was seen. He met with an accident as a yearling and was
never trained. He was an awkward looking chestnut and his dam had evidently bred
back to Harkaway. Next year she produced a colt with quality (enough for
Wild Dayrell or Flying Dutchman), being a beautiful and bloodlike bay with
white heels behind and just enough white in his face to light up as intelligent a head
as ever was put upon a horse. Near where he was foaled is a small harbor full of
tide-rips called Rapid Bay and that was the name bestowed upon him by his owner,
Sir Thomas Elder of Morphettville, the handsomest stud farm in all that country

172 The American Thoroughbred

though not the largest. Although I cannot recall his performances, I know he was
a race horse of high class and retired to the stud with quite a reputation, his sire
being already dead. He made but two seasons when he succumbed to an attack of
heart failure which had carried off both his sire and grandsire before him. Neckers-
gat, in the meantime, had been shipped off to a sheep station in Queensland to get
saddle horses for the "boundary riders" and a messenger was dispatched to bring
him back. The old red horse made his return trip of 1,200 miles all safely, and was en-
sconced in Rapid Bay's box at once. From that time out he was a prominent factor,
the best of his get being Dunlop, who won the Melbourne Cup of 1887 with 115 pounds,
two miles in 3 128 *4i, then the world's record for that distance. It has since been
beaten, by Newton in America and by Carbine on that same track, the latter being
by far the most meritorious of all three performances. But Neckersgat's career recalls
the Godolphin Arabian in England and the well-beloved Bonnie Scotland in America,
"Truth crushed to earth."

Another good horse taken to Australia about that same period was Lord of the
Hills by Touchstone out of Fair Helen by Pantaloon from Rebecca (dam of Alice
Hawthorn, Annandale and The Provost) by Lottery. This horse was therefore a full
brother to Lord of the Isles, winner of the Two Thousand Guineas of 1855 and sire
of Scottish Chief ; and he was also a full brother to Lady Macdonald, dam of that
famous three-year-old filly Brigantine, by Buccaneer, who won the Oaks and Ascot
Cup, less than four weeks apart, beating Blue Gown and Formosa in the latter race.
As Blue Gown had won the Derby and Ascot Cup, and Formosa had won about every-
thing else in the previous year, it took a great three-year-old to beat two such horses
at weight for age. Lord of the Hills stood in New South Wales for £7, then £15
and then at £20, the largest fee ever paid in Australia up to that time. He made a
name for himself, and some of his get won big races, notably Glencoe, who won the
Melbourne Cup and other big events. I am afraid that the line of Lord of the Hills
is wholly extinct as I have heard of no good performances from any of his male-line
descendants in the last eighteen years.

GRANDMASTER, by Gladiateur, out of Celerrima by Stockwell, was a horse very
much to my liking and was, beyond all doubt the best sire that the triple-crowned hero
of 1865 ever got. He was imported from England by W. J. Dangar (who also im-
ported that long-backed brute, Hawthornden) but was subsequently sold to Mr. John
Eales, of the Duckenfields near Morpeth. He certainly was as handsomely turned a
horse as one could wish to look at and, while there was a look of Stockwell about him,
there was a still stronger resemblance to the beautiful Pantaloon who was the sire
of his second dam, Slander, full sister to The Libel, paternal grandsire of Sir Modred.
He was about fifteen hands three inches high and was of good length and great depth
of barrel. His driving power was as good as one could ask and his disposition simply
perfect. He got some great winners, among whom was Paris II, the only horse that
ever won the Caulrield Cup twice; and that is beyond all cavil, the second biggest race
run in Australia. I never saw a much smoother-turned horse than Grandmaster, but
nothing that resembled himself could race a little bit. But whenever he got a ragged-
looking horse like Gladiateur, then look out for squalls ahead. I never saw his
son, Gibraltar, who won the A. J. C. Derby of 1892, but he was described to me as one
of the non-resemblers and the raggedest one of the lot; and the Lord help him if he
was any more so than Ensign, Paris II, Insignia and those that I saw win races there.
On the other hand he got a horse called Locksley out of Vesper by Yattendon, that
was as handsome a horse as one could wish to look at. Jim Mayo had him in the
same stable with Cardigan and we were always being told that the Mayo-Chambers-
contingent were going to bring off a big coup with Locksley but, when it came down
to the day of the race, it was the big chestnut son of Goldsbrough that did the trick
and Locksley stayed in the stable. But it was just as I said, nothing from Grand

'The Australian Thoroughbred

master raced well unless he partook of the ragged conformation of Gladiateur. One
of Grandmaster's daughters, called Grand Lady, was brought to this country some
years ago but has never produced anything of note. She is out of Fine Lady by Dare-
bin, the next dam being First Lady (imported) the dam of the unbeaten Grand Flaneur.
It does seem as if so highly bred a mare should produce well to any stallion, if mated
with any reasonable degree of judgment.

ST. ALBAN'S, by Blair Athol, out of Pandora by Cotherstone, from Polydora by
Priam (see the pedigree of Imp. Warminster for extension) is not to be confounded
with the horse of same name who won the St. Leger, Chester Cup and Great Metro-
politan of 1860. He was imported as a yearling into Tasmania by Mr. J. Fields, living
near Hobart, who bred from him in three seasons, two winners of the Melbourne Cup
— Malua and Sheet Anchor — and one of the Caulfield Cup, in Blink Bonny. After these
three had made their debut, for Sheet Anchor's two miles in 3 129^4 was the world's
record when it was made, Mr. Fields sold the horse to Mr. John Crozier of St. Albans,
where the grand old horse died some years later. He bred very little quality, most
of his horses being of the bullocky type like Blair Athol, but I don't know that I ever
saw a horse that I liked better than Malua, who not only won the Adelaide and Aus-
tralian Cups with 129 pounds, but also the Melbourne Cup with 135, being the only
horse to annex all three and he did it all in one season ; and two seasons later annexed
the Grand National Hurdle race at Melbourne with his owner, Mr. John O. Inglis, in
the saddle. Sheet Anchor was a totally different-looking horse from Malua and,
while quite as tall, did not weigh within 150 pounds of him. Malua was a grand
success at the stud, getting Malvolio, who won the Melbourne Cup and two winners
of good races in England, but Sheet Anchor was a dismal failure, and even if ever
Blink Bonny, who greatly enriched the Ballarat and Dowling Forest outfit, produced
anything equal to herself, I never heard of it.

WILBERFORCE, by Oxford (son of Birdcatcher and sire of Sterling, St mdard and
Playfair), was taken out to that country by somebody living on the Hawkesbury and
bred some excellent horses, full of bone and substance, notably Hastings who won the
Hawkesbury Handicap and started as first favorite in the Melbourne Cup of 1884, as
already detailed in my reference to Malua. I never, saw a finer lot of upstanding
horses than Wilberforce got in that country. Oxford also got Chandos, who was im-
ported by E. K. Cox to take the place of Yattendon when he died, but Chandos, while
he bred a type of horses well above the average, never gotranything so good as Hast-
ings. I bred two mares to Hastings in 1890 and both dropped foals after their ar-
rival in California. One of these was a bay colt that died at six days old and the
other, a chestnut filly, which lived less than three months. I have always fancied the
Oxford line 'of. Birdcatcher because it carries so much bone and substance, coupled
with excellent temper; and hence the success of Gallinule in the stud (through the mar-
velous Pretty Polly) is particularly gratifying to me.

Australia imported several sons of Stockwell and three of them were really good,
the best being Ace of Clubs. Ace of Clubs got" King of the Ring from Rose de Flor-
ence and King of the Ring got First King, who defeated Chester at three miles in the
Champion Stakes, establishing a new world's record for that distance. Another fairly
good son of Stockwell imported was Gang Forward, who won the Two Thousand
Guineas of 1873, but he is better known as a sire of broodmares than of performers.
Stockowner, out of Ennui (dam of Saunterer and fourth dam of Pero Gomez), by
Bay Middleton, was "not much of a shower" and left no lasting impression upon the
stock of that country. Ace of Clubs was well worth all of the rest of the Stock-
well horses taken thither.

Several sons of Prince Charlie were taken out there. One of these was Clan
Stuart, who got a mare called Georgic that was sent to England, where she won the
Cambridgeshire. But a better one was Lochiel, who was imported in his dam, Nelly

American "Thoroughbred

Moore by Voltigeur. He was a good-looking brown horse, but stood a trifle short
on his hinder pasterns. I had him bought for £1,000, but my bankers refused to con-
firm the sale, saying that their letter of instructions from my principal (the late Hon.
Leonard J. Rose) did not contemplate the purchase of stallions. In the six years
that followed, Lochiel headed the list of winning sires no less than four times, though
not for any such moneys as Chester and Musket before him, and Trenton after him.
His get were chiefly successful in short races. Lochiel was a great turf horse for he
won the Australian Cup of 1889 with 124 pounds up, two miles and a quarter; and
also the Newmarket Handicap at six furlongs, with 126 pounds in the saddle. It is
given to but few horses to acquit themselves so well at entirely antagonistic distances. I
could have taken Lochiel to the Blue Grass region of Kentucky and cleared him hand-
somely, without over-taxing his virility, in two seasons. But "it was not so to be."

Outside of Neckersgat and Panic, the best Herod horse they had in that country
in the last forty years was another in utero importation named Gozo and pronounced
Got-so. He was by Wild Oats (son of Wild Dayrell) out of imported Maltese Cross
by Oxford and was described to me as a little chap, on the style of our imported Albion
who was small enough for a polo pony. If he ever raced it was not during5 my
visits to the land of the Kangaroo, but he got two brothers named Gaulus and The
Grafter out of Industry by Musket. The first of these two won the Melbourne Cup
and his brother ran second to him. In the next year The Grafter won with 125 pounds
up and, on the strength of these two performances, was sent to England, where he
won one or two good-sized stakes. A sense of candor compels me to say that I saw
The Grafter in England and he was about the ugliest brute I ever saw on a race track.

PANIC was one of the greatest of all Herod's descendants. He was by Alarm
(son of Venison and winner of the Cambridgeshire at three years and the Emperor
of Russia's Cup at four), out of Queen of Beauty by Melbourne, from Birthday by Pan-
taloon, from Maid of Honor by Champion, the rest of the pedigree being that of im-
ported Leamington and Darebin. Panic was imported from England as a yearling,
but got lame and did not start until he had made three seasons in the stud. His
owner then started him in the Champion Race at three miles, with 134 pounds up and
he won cleverly. His best race horse was little Commotion, of course, but Welling-
ton (who also won the Champion and the V. R. C. Derby) was a good deal the best
as a sire, especially in the way of jumping races, for he got Busaco, one of the great-
est timber-toppers the world has ever seen. Think of a horse winning one race three
years consecutively, with 165, 172 and 178 pounds respectively, and that was just what
old Busaco did. Panic would have been a great horse had he never gotten anything
but Commotion. Wellington lived to a good old age and got many useful horses. I
brought one of his daughters (Catherine Wheel) to California in 1891, but she died the
property of Mr. J. N. Camden of Versailles, Kentucky, without oroducing a foal in
America. Her daughter, Atossa, by Dunlop, is now owned at the Napa Stock Farm
by Mr. Adolph B. Spreckels.

WHICH was the greatest of all Australian sires, did you say? Trenton, as a sire
of performers, or course. He headed the list of sires in Australia, six years (or was
it seven?) after he had been shipped to England, where he is now voted only fairly
good. Had he remained in the Colonies he might have had as many years of pre-
miership to his credit as had St. Simon in England, for no other horse within my
knowledge has ever had so many eight and nine-year-old horses to win for him — on
the flat of course — as Trenton did. The beautiful old horse with his graceful poise
of the neck and his exquisitely sculptured head, will long be one of the many sweet
memories of my only visit to Cobham. Not by any means so large a horse as Norden-
felt or Hotchkiss, by the same sire, nor so fashionably-bred (from an English point of
view) he is a better balanced horse than either and has easily outbred them and all
other sons of Musket, the mighty Carbine included.

Australian Thoroughbred

YATTENDON looms out above all the rest as a double-line horse, equally prominent
as a sire of great broodmares and of sires as well. He is as conspicuous in his native
land as was Sir Archy in America a hundred years ago. He came up from obscur-
ity, through sheer merit, as signally as did Washington among American generals or
William Bede Dalley among the statesmen of Australia. There was but one Stockwell
in England and but one Yattendon in Australia. Before him and behind him, alike, all
is space and silence. He was a horse "without a model and without a shadow."

I cannot close this chapter, which I trust contains some new information to readers
in my native land, without paying a brief tribute to the management .of the Australian
race courses which are fifty years ahead of those of England and, in many things, ad-
vanced beyond ours. The Flemington Course, near Melbourne, is as far ahead of
Morris Park as that track is ahead of any other in America, and no candid-minded
American who sees it will contradict me. They have a clock on top of the judge's
stand which is started by electricity at the starting post and stopped by an attendant
seated over the judge's head. There is not a trotting association in all America that
has the moral courage to put a clock like that, where the exact time can be given
without a consultation as to whether John Jones' horse will be thrown out of the 2:30
class next year or not.

The spectators' stands are three in number and the prices are graduated to suit the
popular taste as well as the individual purse. Here is a rough diagram :

D

B

o E

A — Gateway into the course. B — the grand stand. C — the Maribynong stand.

D. — the Hill stand, 85 feet above the track. E — the judge's box. F — stairs to Hill
stand.

The grand stand prices are $5 on Derby and Cup days, which also includes an ad-
mission to the saddling paddock, and on ordinary days $2.50, called in their vernacular
"ten bob." To the Maribynong stand, which lies up the stretch from the judge's box,
the admission fee is $3 on Cup days and half that sum on other days ; and to the Hill
stand, where you look down upon the horses' backs as they fly past you, it is $2 on
Cup days and one-half that amount on other days. Under each of these stands is a
nicely finished basement, fitted up as a restaurant. Under the grand stand it is six
shillings for dinner with native wine included ; under the Maribynong stand the price is
four shillings but the vin ordinaire is not so good ; and under the Hill stand it is two
shillings and sixpence, a dry meal but well cooked and served.

One thing impressed me very curiously about their racing. They only weigh out
four horses at the conclusion of a race, the fourth's horse's weight being checked out
to insure him third money in the event of a disqualification of any of the three that

/7<5 'The American Thoroughbred

finished in front of him. Now if a man wants to "throw off" a horse, so as to get a
lighter weight upon him, it would be very easy to weigh in with the proper
weight and then slip in eight or ten pounds extra when saddling up. He
would make no attempt to win but would finish "in the steerage ;" and the fraud would
not be detected till odds of 20 to i were bet against him in some future race, and
then he would "come home on the bit." It may be, however, that this custom pertains
only to the more important events; and that, in all the smaller events, every horse is
weighed out, as in America. I have only seen racing for stake events and what I
have said above may be a gross error as to smaller meetings and less important races.

For one thing the Australian people deserve credit and that is the drastic and
wholesome way in which the English love of fair play is enforced on their tracks, and
to my notion with an intensified degree of severity. Want of space compels me to
restrict myself to one example. At the Great Metropolitan meeting of 1888 at Sydney
there was a mare entered named The Nun, by First King out of Pilgrimage. She
was in with a fairly lightweight and could have won the race which was won by an
ugly brute named Lamond. It was very evident that she had "got the rope" in the
hope of "making a big killing" with her in the Caulfield Cup, about four weeks off.
The fraud was easily detected and the stewards of the A. J. C. ruled off her owner,
Mr. McKenzie, for life ; her trainer, I think his name was Dowd, for fifteen years ; and
her rider, Chris Moore, for five years. Moore claimed he had "ridden to orders"
and, as he was a boy of previous good character, the ban was lifted at the end of four
years, after which I met him in San Francisco. The trainer got back at the end of
nine years, but the owner is still outside the rails and the ticket officers have his pho-
tograph on all the principal courses to warn the clubs against selling him a card of
admission. That is the correct way, too. Let 'the heaviest punishment fall upon
him who furnishes the money for jobbery and there will not be so many jobs at-
tempted.

The population of Australia is a rugged and healthy one, through plenty of out-
door life and a manly love for honest labor. The regiment which was fitted out at
Sydney by William Bede Dalley, to go to the relief of "Chinese Gordon" at Khartoum,
was the most magnificent body of cavalry that ever leaped into saddles, to answer a
bugle-call, since the hand of man was first raised against his fellow man in warfare.
They are a kind-hearted people, too, as witness the generous sum of money they heaped
up for the widow and children of little Tommy Corrigan, the steeple-chase jockey
who was killeu at Flemington about eight years ago. Moreover, they are a hospitable
people, as were the Californians of pioneer days, before the transcontinental railways
were built. That hospitality is the outgrowth of isolation and as Australia is 7,500
miles from San Francisco and more than twice that distance from London, I think
the day will never come when the Australians will be other than a generous and open-
handed people. It is the same with all classes. The wool king offers you his cham-
pagne and roast pheasant with the same cordiality that the woodchopper, a thousand
miles from no place, invites you to his frugal repast of mutton and "damper." It is
the custom of the country and they have no desire to change it.

I never again expect to hear the Victorians say : "Well, how do you find Melbourne
— isn't its growth something marvelous?" Nor to hear the Sydney man's stereo-
typed query, "What do you think of our beautiful harbor?" (I have always pitied
Captain Cook because there was nobody to ask him that question when he landed at
the present site of the Circular Quay.) But my heart goes back to many brilliantly-
lighted evenings in Melbourne and many sunny days in New South Wales; and for
the sake of those days that can never return I pray that there may be always a rose
looking into every onen window in that fair land of perennial liberty and light.

THE BRUCE LOWE SYSTEM OF BREED-
ING B T FIGURES

Some time along in May, 1890, I was the guest of the late Frank Reynolds, of
Tocal, on the Paterson river in New South Wales. In the course of an after-dinner
conversation, Mr. Reynolds said to me :

"You have met Bruce Lowe, I presume."

I replied in the affirmative. Mr. Reynolds then went on to say. "He and I
were boys together and the friendship that began then has stood the test for forty
odd years. He called on me the last time I was in Sydney and told me he was gath-
ering the material for a book on breeding. And you know Lowe is an ingenious
chap in his -own way. You Americans give a number to each of your trotting stal-
lions and Lowe has conceived the idea of reversing that proposition and numbering the
mares."

"What. All the mares in the British Stud Book? Surely not."

"By no means," replied Mr. Reynolds. "You know that all the classical win-
ners of England trace to some one of forty-three mares, such as the Tregonwell Barb
mare, ancestress of Whalebone and Whisker; the Layton Barb mare from which we
get Thormanby, Apology and your Derby winner Iroquois, and the Old Vintner mare
to which trace St. Giles and Bloomsbury. Now he classifies each of these mares
by a number, making the Tregonwell Barb mare No. i in his system because more
classic winners trace to her than to any other. Next comes the Burton Barb mare
to which trace Harkaway, Blacklock, Voltigeur, Sir Hercules and other good ones.
Stockwell, Rataplan, King Tom, Lanercost and The Flying Dutchman trace to the
dam of the True Blues, which makes his No. 3 family and so on."

"Well, that is all right, so far as performances go, but that No. 3 family is far-
and-away the best family, so far as sires go," I replied.

'That is just what I told him," said Mr. Reynolds, "but he gets around that by
marking the sire families in blue pencil and the performing families in red, by way
of distinction."

Three years after that I met Mr. Lowe at Pasadena, where he was the guest
of the late Simeon G. Reed in whose employ as a steamboat officer I had been, a
quarter of a century previously. Mr. Lowe was always very gentlemanly, but very
dogmatical, showing that the doctrine of infallibility was not confined to the Vatican.
One of his pet ideas was that Lexington was a horse of no real merit in himself, but
was entirely indebted for his success to the daughters of Glencoe with which he had
been mated through a monopoly of that blood acquired by Mr. Robert Alexander. I
took occasion to carry all my American books over to him the next day and showed
him conclusively that the four best horses of Lexington's get had not a drop of Glen-
coe blood in them, these being Tom Bowling, Harry Bassett, Duke of Magenta and
Kingfisher. This staggered him, as he had been told that Norfolk, Asteroid and
Wanderer were the best. He left for England about two months later and died
shortly after his arrival in London, appointing Mr. William Allison, of the Interna-
tional Horse Exchange, 45 Pall Mall, as his literary executor.

Like most other inventors, Mr. Lowe was sadly deficient in the bump of order,
speaking from a clerical standpoint. His notes were written on old envelopes and

178 'The American Thoroughbred

even cast-off wrappers from his colonial newspapers, in some instances ; and the
reader can judge whether Mr. Allison had any difficulty in unravelling those tangled
skeins. Finally Mr. Allison got the book out and sent the proceeds to Mr. Lowe's
sister at Morpeth, in New South Wales, and then sat down quietly for four yeaf s
to study out the many glaring errors in Mr. Lowe's book, of which he found nearly
three hundred. In 1891 after the entire edition of Mr. Lowe's work had been sold
out, so it afforded no more revenue for his sole surviving relative (or for Mr. H. C.
White, of New South Wales, who had furnished "the sinews of war" for Mr. Lowe's
undertaking) Mr. Allison got out a book of his own as a sequel to Mr. Lowe's book,
showing a most commendable degree of delicacy and self-abnegation in the premises.
I commend a perusal of Mr. Allison's work in preference to Mr. Lowe's, because It is
compiled in a more orderly and systematic manner. I am as much indebted to Mr.
Allison's book as to any other authority used in the compilation of this work ; and
never lose a chance to thank him for many valuable suggestions.

What I disliked about Mr. Lowe's book was, the summary and apparently thought-
less way he dismissed the great Waxy (of the No. 18 family) when it is known that
the male line of Waxy has won two Derbys and nearly three St. Legers to any other
lines one; and that his daughters were as prolific as his sons were potent, in the
production of great winners. He devoted whole pages to Stockwell, Rataplan and
Touchstone in England, as well as to Yattendon in Australia, without seeming to
realize that none of those truly great sires could have existed without the presence
of Waxy as their male line ancestor. Another thing I did not fancy about his book
was his undisguised purpose to belittle Sterling just because he happened to be .a
"sprinter," and a general disposition to "damn with faint praise" the Oxford branch
of Birdcatcher, when everybody knows that it carries more bone than any other line
save that of Melbourne, a good muscular development, generally speaking, and almost
uniformly a good temper. Sterling is the only horse since Camel foaled in 1322 to
get three winners of the Ascot Gold Cup, Isonomy winning it twice and winning the
Whitsuntide Plate at Manchester with 136 pounds in the saddle, conceding 29 pounds
to the second horse. Isonomy classes up fairly with Charles XII, Lanercost, Rata-
plan, Fandango and Fisherman; and probably a better horse than any other of the
last forty years, whether as performer or sire, for he is the only stallion in history
to get two winners of "the triple crown." And I wonder what Mr. Lowe would say
if he were alive today to see Pretty Polly, a great-granddaughter of the pooh-poohed
Sterling, now credited with fourteen consecutive victories, including the Oaks and
St. Leger, without a single defeat.

For all this don't understand me that Mr. Lowe's book is not a valuable one
to the breeder, for it is in England and France, and may be equally so in Australia,
though they have many good mares in that country — notably the dams of Bravo
and Stromboli — that trace to daughters of an Arab stallion at the third or fourth
generation. But in America it is of no earthly use, except both the stallion and the
mare to be mated with him are imported ! The figures come out all right in Eng-
land with but a few exceptions, although Pretty Polly, the best filly in English his-
tory, and just so much better than Scepter and La Fleche as they are better than
Crucifix, did not figure, at the opening of the current season, better than fourth
among the three-year-olds, yet what she achieved is already a goodly bit of history.

But the Bruce Lowe system is generally faulty in American breeding for the
reason that we have so many great producing mares that do not trace back to any
of the mares embodied in that system. Take two of the five best sons of the im-
mortal Lexington — Tom Bowling, the best horse he ever got, and Duke of Magenta,
who won twelve out of thirteen races — and their pedigrees "run into the ground" at
the fifth generation. Then take those five great brothers — Spendthrift, Miser, Fellow-
craft, Rutherford and Wildidle, and what do they trace to? Answer: a mare "said

The Australian Thoroughbred

to be thoroughbred and brought to Kentucky from Virginia bv Mr. T. D. Owings."
Then there was Picayune, dam of Doubloon, Louis d'Or and Florin, and I have
been astonished that sh ewas ever admitted into the Stud Book. Take Princess
Ann, by imported Leviathan, you will find she has no fifth dam, but she produced
seven fillies from which some good performers have come on in later generations.
Then there is that mare of unknown pedigree "from the stud of Harrison, of Brandon,
Va., to which trace such flyers as Molly McCarthy and her wonderful daughter,
Fallen Leaf ; Flood and Shannon, over the average as sires ; Kinglike, sire of a
Futurity winner; Joe Hooker, sire of the great Yo Tambien, and Hidalgo, winner of
the Emporium Stakes at Coney Island. Then you come to Madame Tonson, dam
of Monsieur Tonson and Sir Richard. Her pedigree ran out at the third dam,
yet it is well known that she produced to the cover of Pacolet (a Matchem horse
by imported Citizen) three of the best winners of their day, from one mile to four;
and that Monsieur Tonson was about the best sire in Tennessee, while in his prime.

In this way I could go on indefinitely and cite cases where the Bruce Lowe
system could have no possible bearing on breeding in America. It would be different
if these faulty lines had all run out, but they have not. Spendthrift, never a premier
sire himself, but always clamoring loudly for a well-deserved recognition, got two
premier sires — Kingston and Hastings — and, in addition to them, has Lamplighter and
Boanerges coming right along as sires of something more than merely useful horses.
Yet he traces to nothing in the Bruce Lowe system, nor did Enquirer, one of the
best three sons of old Leamington, counting by the moneys won; and the very best,
if you figure according to the number of races won. I must therefore adhere to my
beh'ef, expressed above, that the Bruce Lowe system is of no value to American
breeders, except where the sire and dam are both imported, or where both the stallion
and the mare, if native bred, trace to some mare embodied in that system.

I cannot close this without a tribute of respect to Mr. Bruce Lowe as a man.
He came of an old family of Scotch colonists and united the courage of the typical
pioneer to the modesty of a country school girl. When he died, I wrote of him as
follows : "Certainly no other American knew Mr. Lowe so well as I did. A total
stranger on a foreign shore, I found in him a companion whose nature was all
sincerity and his friendship a Heaven-born truth. His life was pure and gentle, his
bearing always manly. He was a confirmed invalid for years prior to his decease. He
beheld the springtide burst forth in its emerald sheen ; the summer, in its glow of sun-
shine and its plethora of ripening fruit; the autumn, with its vista of purple and
gold upon 'the embattled forests,' heralding the Frost King's approach; and yet,
in all those long and wearisome years, not one querulous whisper escaped his lips.
At length came the end for God had recalled one of his noblemen from a foreign
mission. The Infinite had approved a worthy life and rewarded it with a comparatively
painless death. Courageous in everything, he carried his sterling manhood unsullied
to the grave; and we can truthfully say of him, as Tennyson wrote of 'Chinese'
Gordon, that 'Earth hath ne'er held a purer, manlier man.' "

Converse In- Breeding

Say what you will about in-breeding, it is the only way of perpetuating the blood of
heroes. But as there is a right way and a wrong way to do everything, the remark ap-
plies unto breeding horses as well as to anything else. It is one of those matters wherein
"Very much depends upon the style in which it's done." The English began it by
mating together the sons and daughters of their great stallions, but out of different
dams, which was incestuous enough in all conscience, but the Virginians of a century
ago, actually mated Sir Archy with his own daughters, the stallion Ringgold, by Boston
(a male-line grandson of Sir Arch)', by the way) out of Flirtilla Jr. by Sir Archy out
of old Flirtilla — who beat Ariel a $5000 match on Long Island — by Sir Archy, being
the most convenient example at hand. Of such action only one result could be naturally
expected — a lot of horses of greafr size and beauty but of no durability as campaigners.

But there is a species of in-breeding that does no harm. For instance, you find a
great many well-bred horses in England that have Stockwell or his brother, Rataplan,
on one side and their half-brother, King Tom, on the other, these being in free genera-
tions, of course, and all the intermediate crosses entirely dissimilar. Ayrshire, now
probably the best male-line descendant of Touchstone on earth, has one cross each of
Rataplan and Stockwell and four of Touchstone, who was his fourth sire on the top
line and the sire of his fourth dam on the bottom line. Here are some examples of this to
which I have, for the want of a better name, given that of "converse in-breeding." Here
are three samples of this method :

Newminster. .

K

<-> 1

The Slave

o ( Kettledrum. . .

Haricot.

j Camel, by Whalebone
\ Banter, by Master Henry
rj \ Dr. Syntax, by Paynator

eswing 1 Tomboy's dam, by Ardrossan

( it it, j Humphrey Clinker, by Comus

. i Melbourne \ Daughter of Cervantes

f-17 ti -I Voltaire, by Blacklock

1 VoUey ( Martha Lynn, by Mulatto

( The Baron, by Birdcatcher

RataPlan { Pocahontas, by Glencoe

The Provost, by The Saddler

Touchstone. .

Hybla.

!

Otisina, by Liverpool
( Liverpool, by Tramp

Lanercost ] Otis, by Bustard

] Gladiator, by Partisan

"| Daughter of Plenipotentiary

Queen Mary. .

, . . j Voltaire, by Blacklock

f Vedette t Voltigeur ^ Martha Lynn, by Muh

1 ,_. _., j Birdcatcher, by Sir H

( Mrs. Ridgway 1 xTo« no^^.n 1,,, T«V,<,,

Mulatto

in • -r> u ( Flying Dutchman
I Flying Duchess J J

0

Thormanby.

Woodbine

Nan Darrell, by Inheritor
Bay Middleton, by S'atton

s v Barbelle, by Sandbeck

/ ,, j Voltaire, by Blacklock

1 Mer°Pe 1 Velocipede's dam

,,,. j, ( Pantaloon, byjCasirsJ .h/

Wmdhound • \ Ph^nT^y-^clT^onT^

Muley Moloch, by Muley
Rebecca, by Lottery
The Baron, by Birdcatcher
Pocahontas, by Glencoe

Camel
Dr. Syntax

S W L~tai. TC

Alice Hawthorn,

{(Honeysuckle. ...
ox i ~ rT\ i Touchstone, by

Stockwell \ Beeswing, by E

r-cTl.

182

The American Thoroughbred

The great Chester, alluded to in the chapter devoted to the thoroughbred horses
of the Australian States, is bred in a similar manner, to-wit :

f Sir Hercules
(Colonial)

, r r>- * i The Colonel, by Whisker

\ Lap a J e } Sist. to Cactus,' by Sultan

1 -p ... i Sir Hercules* by Whalebone

araguay •) Paradigm> by Partisan

( Tros*
I Cassandra J

j Priam, by Emilias
' ' ( Ally, by Partisan

( Stockwell.
I

Ar r j Rous Emigrant* by Pioneer

Alice Gray } Gulnare, by Y. Gohanna

( Birdcatcher, by Sir Hercules

The Baron •? T7^i-,;^^,n v,,r 'RVr.nr.mict

5th

Echidna, by Economist
i Glencoe, by Sultan
Pocahontas -j Marpessai by Muley

I Economist, by Whisker

I Austrey j Harkaway -j Fanny Dawsoll! by Nabocklish

) „ .. \ Emilius, by Orville

( Zella ] Appolonia, by Whisker

dam, My Lady by Comus ; 6th, the Colonel's by Deloini.

* Bred in England; t won the Sydney Gold Cup;

Here is an almost parallel case to that of Ayrshire, save that the Delpini mare
which produced The Colonel (St. Leger of '28 and dead heat for the Derby) was six
removes from Chester on his dam's side and only five on his sire's. I am always in
favor of this kind of in-breeding, provided the intermediate crosses are entirely dissimi-
lar, as in the cases of Ayrshire and Chester.

Now then, for a noble old patriarch, just about six months dead and about as good
as he was beautiful, the best Herod stallion imported into America since the day that
the old sway-backed and white-eyed Glencoe landed in New York, nearly seventy
years ago :

* /

„• ( Pantaloon .....

"-' i

.a

/•Jj i Pasquinade,

Sis to

,§ 1 T'chst'ne.

H

H

( Elis

« j

£ i Languid.

c/i

S ( Newminster. .

S

m

s !

-

ClJ

Q (^ The Arrow. .
js ,- Voltigeur. . ..
Q i Priestess

( Castrel

( Idalia |

Camel j

Banter j

^ Langar j

( Olympia j

i Cain i

(Lydia j

( Touchstone J

( Beeswing i

Slane '-j

Southdown 4

Voltaire j

Martha Lynn 4

f The Doctor j

"j The Biddy j

*Buzzard, by Woodpecker.

Dau. of Alexander, by Eclipse.

Peruvian, by Sir Peter.

Musidora, by Meteor.

Whalebone, by Waxy.

Dau. of Selim, by *Buzzard.

Master Henry, by Orville.

Boadicea, by Alexander

Selim, by *Buzzard.

Dau. of Walton, by Sir Peter.

Sir Oliver, by Sir Peter.

Scotilla, by Anvil.

Paulowitz, by Sir Paul.

Dau. of Paynator, by Trumpator.

Poulton, by Sir Peter.

Variety, by Hyacinthus.

Camel, by Whalebone.

Banter, by Master Henry.

Dr. Syntax, by Paynator.

Dau. of Ardrossan, by John Bull.

Royal Oak, by Catton.

Dau, of Orville, by Beningbrough.

Defence, by Whalebone.

Feltona, by X. Y. Z.

Blacklock. by Whitelock.

Dau. of Phantom, by Walton.

Mulatto, by Catton.

Desdemona, by Orville.

Dr. Syntax, by Paynator.

Dau. of Lottery, by Tramp.

Bran, by Humphrey Clinker.

Idalia by Peruvian.

Bred in England.

Converse In-Breeding i8j

We have seldom had a better (if as good) stallion in America than the honest old
bay horse that was mercifully destroyed at the Rancho del Paso in May last. I say "if
as good," for the simple reason that he is the only stallion in history to get the winners
of over two hundred races in one season ; and the only horse, within my knowledge,
to surpass all others in a given year, not only in the amount of moneys won but in the
number of races won likewise. Sir Modred's sons do not show up for much as sires,
but his daughters are among the best in the land, one of them having produced Water
Boy, the best handicap horse in America in 1903, by several pounds. Now look over
the pedigree of Sir Modred and you will see that Idalia (by Peruvian out of Musi-
dora by Meteor) is the fifth dam of Sir Modred and the dam of his third sire Panta-
loon, whom Admiral Rons styled "The Fifst Gentleman of Europe." Pantaloon was a
chestnut in color and Sir Modred of that rare tint known as "Claret Bay," but he was
a perfect Pantaloon horse in conformation and a thorough "gentleman," if ever I saw
one. Whether he ever got a first-class horse is open to dispute, Tournament being the
only one to approach that standard. But in the matter of horses capable of winning
from $8000 to $12,000 in a single season, I never saw nor heard 01 his equal unless it
was the marvelous Lexington, who was, like Sir Modred, a Herod horse, but from the
No. 12 family, while the great Maori horse was from No. 17. Peace to his ashes and
honor to the man whose sagacity led up to his importation.

There are families which in-breed well and other which do not. Here is an example
for you : Glencoe was by Sultan, out ofTrampoline by Tramp, from Web by Waxy. Bay
Middleton, also by Sultan, out of Cobweb (the Oaks winner of 1824) by Phantom
(Derby of 1811) from Filagree by Soothsayer (St. Leger of 1811) from Web by Waxy.
Hence Glencoe was an alleged uncle to the Derby winner of 1836. There is no blood in
the world, of the same date as Glencoe, unless it be Touchstone, that in-breeds as well
as his has done. Yet Bay Middleton's blood never in-bred well as a rule and, as late as
1885 the great Australian stallion, Maribyrnong, was the only successful stallion in the
world that had two crosses of Bay Middleton. One of these he got through the grand-
dam of his sire, Fisherman ; and the other through Flying Dutchman, the sire of hig
dam, Rose de Florence. When Oatcake (afterwards re-christened Mariner) was im-
ported to California in 1885, I asked an Australian why they let so fine an individual
leave their country. "He had two crosses of Bay Middleton, and that is one too many,"
was his answer. Of late years, however, I have noticed the pedigrees of several good
sires with two crosses of Bay Middleton. Imported Goldfinch, a great sire, if we have
one in America at all, has two; and I would like to buy a horse capable of getting me
a filly as good as Tradition. Gold Spinner by Goldfinch, has four crosses of Bay
Middleton. He was a good performer, yet nothing has come from him of any note,
but he is still a young horse. Indio, sire of Hurstbourne, who is probably the best
second-class horse in America, has two; and Golden Garter, Star Ruby and St. Gatien,
three of Mr. Haggin's best stallions, have none at all. Watercress, the sire of Water
Boy, a long way the best horse of 1903, has two, and if there is a better sire in all
America, I have yet to hear of him.

MARGRAVE, St. Leger winner of 1832, was imported into Virginia in 1836 and got a
great many stout horses. He came from Bruce Lowe's No. 2 family, which also pro-
duced Sir Hercules, Harkaway and Voltigeur. His daughters furnished to the Ameri-
can turf some of the best horses that ran prior to 1870, yet the only great racehorse that
I know of having two crosses of Margrave, was Foxhall, who won the Grand Prix de
Paris, Cesarewitch and Cambridgeshire of 1881 and the Ascot Cup of 1882; and if
ever there was a worse failure at the stud than Foxhall, I would like to know where?
And where was there a horse that got any stouter ones than Margrave? He got six
good four-milers and one three-miler (Brown Dick) the very best of his day; and be-
fore leaving England he got the dam of Sir Tatton Sykes, who won the Two Thousand

184 The American Thoroughbred

Guineas and St. Leger of 1846, beating the Derby winner of that year in the latter
race. Mr. J. B. Haggin owns about sixty entire horses and, of those I can find, Fresno,
good but not great, is the only one containing a cross of Margrave. The Master o£
Elmendorf, who is a very close student of blood lines, evidently knows what to let alone.
Yet the breeding doctrinaires will tell you that you cannot get too much of Sir Her-
cules, Voltigeur or Lord Clifden, all No. 2 horses like Margrave.

The most prominent horses of the No. 3 family can all be in-bred with perfect
safety. By these I mean Stockwell, Rataplan, King Tom, Lanercost, Flying Dutchman
and Pyrrhus the First. The latter would be hard to in-breed, partly because he died
young and partly because most of his best sons were sold to Australian buyers ; and
Flying Dutchman and Lanercost, because they were exiled into France, like Ion and
The Baron, and doomed to die in undeserved obscurity. Galopin, also a No. 3 horse, has
in-bred well in the only case within my knowledge, that of Flying Fox, who won more
at three years old than any other horse yet foaled, and who, though but eight years
old, is already the sire of a winner of the Grand Prix de Paris.

The No. 4 family is a difficult one to size up correctly. Most people would say that
the Thormanby branch is the best because it survives so strongly in France through
Atlantic and Le Sancy, both of which got winners of the Grand Prix. Yet that branch
of it which comes down to us through Manganese cannot be dismissed hastily for
Thormanby, The Provost nor Annandale, neither of whom ever got as good a colt as
Kisber nor as good a filly as Apology, but the strength of the Manganese branch seems
to lie in mares rather than stallions, Kisber being the best of the lot with Wenlock sec-
ond and The Miner "beaten off," as you might say.

The Nos. 10 and 14 families both in-bred well. Darebin, a No. 14 horse, has bred
well in America, so far as performers go, with very limited opportunities ; and in ad-
dition to that has imparted a degree of substance and bone of which we were sadly in
need. He has a double cross of Touchstone and three crosses of Touchstone's dam ;
and yet the best horses he has gotten had two or more crosses of Touchstone through
their dams. Leamington, also a No. 14 horse and the best sire ever imported to Amer-
ica, got a great horse wherever he crossed a mare that had a cross of Touchstone. And,
hoping that what I have said on this question may be of use to the breeders of Amer-
ica, I pass on to another, and, as I believe, more difficult branch of my work.

Inbreeding, Past and Present

You cannot expect to avoid in-breeding at this late day, when all the galloping
horses in the world are descended in male tail-line, from one of three horses — Matchem,
Herod and Eclipse — all foaled between 1748 and 1764. What you have got to do is
to breed intelligently and avoid mating that is in anywise incestuous. The English
mated mares with stallions by different sires but from the same dam ; or sometimes
mated sons and daughters of the same stallion as in the case of Lollypop, the dam
of Sweetmeat. The early Virginia breeders did worse than that and backed his own
daughters up to old Sir Archy. In either case the action was most reprehensible. The
truth is you have got to inbreed to a greater or less extent, but will you do so in-
telligently or not? I stand here prepared to prove that the most successful stallions
of the past century, generally speaking, were the inbred horses and not the outV
crossed. Leamington is America's best and most important of all her foreign-bred
sires. He goes back to Pot-8-os, son of Eclipse, at the sixth generation on his sire's
side, having two Herod horses, one Matchem mare and two Eclipse mares between
himself and Pot-8-os; and on his dam's side there were a Pantaloon mare and one by
Champion (son of Selim), two Herod mares, against Daphne by Laurel, Etiquette
by Orville and Boadicea by Alexander, the last three being Eclipse horses.

I believe much trouble would be avoided if men would quit breeding a mare to
the same stallion in consecutive years. I should never go into the business except at
some place like Lexington, Ky., where I could have access to all sorts of stallions.
If my mare was a Herod-line mare, I should only mate her with Eclipse >and Matchem
stallions, but would not hesitate to mate her daughters with a good Herod horse. If
an Eclipse mare, breed her twice to another Eclipse horse, twice to a Matchem horse
and once to a Herod horse. If a Matchem mare, say by Odd Fellow (for whose
daughters I have a great fancy) or Carlton Grange, breed at least once in five years
to an American-bred Matchem horse like Kingston or Lamplighter, giving the other
four years to Eclipse and Herod horses,, equally divided.

I fancy converse in-breeding, as in the cases of Ayrshire in England, a highly suc-
cessful sire, by the way; Sir Modred and his brother, Cheviot, in New Zealand; and
Chester in Australia, the last two being dealt with in more detail in the Australian
portion of this work. I am fully aware that this is not always practicable but rec-
ommend it whenever it is possible. Certainly such horses as the three just above
named are not to be regarded lightly, either as performers or sires. Chester was only
"outside the money" four times in forty-one races, most of them at long distances ;
and as a sire, he would have been deemed great if he had gotten nothing but the
magnificent Abercorn. Sir Modred started seventeen times and won nine races, all
of which were high-class events; and as a sire he was the best one ever imported if
you count up the number of races won by his get in proportion to the number of starts.
And as for Ayrshire, he is already the sire of an Oaks winner and no end of "firsts"
in races of less note. Sir Dixon's dam was a full sister to Iroquois, the only Amer-

186 T'he American 'Thoroughbred

ican-bred horse to win the English Derby ; and if I owned a daughter of Iroquois, I
would rather breed her to a son of Sir Dixon, say Kilmarnock, for instance, than to
any other stallion within my reach. Boanerges, by Spendthrift out of an imported
mare, should get good horses from a daughter of Springbok from a native-bred mare,
say by Vandal or Bonnie Scotland ; or from a daughter of Kingston, and some equally-
well bred native mare. And while on this subject of Kingston, let me say that he is
the best horse alive for daughters of imported Odd Fellow, who is as good as a
Matchem horse, so far as his breeding is concerned, as ever crossed the broad At-
lantic. Carlton Grange, bred directly away from Spendthrift on his dam's side and
six removes from him on his sire's side, should make an admirable mate for the
daughters of either Spendthrift or Kingston; and let me here remind you that a
horse bred in this manner would not be nearly as closely inbred as was Falsetto, a
great performer and one of the most successful sires of the past thirty years.

In like manner I should advocate the mating of daughters of imported Darebin.
generally rangy and roomy mares, with a son of Kingston, if a compact son of that
horse can be found. And if a daughter of Luke Blackburn can be found that has not
produced well to other sires, mate her with that honest campaigner and beautifully
bred horse, Caughnawaga, whose dam was the best three-year-old filly in America
between 1885 and 1900. Again, while on this subject, breed the daughter of any horse
in America from the male-line of Stockwell — say Esher, Salvator, Wagner or Pirate
of Penzance — to Octagon or Don De Oro, sons of old Rayon d'Or, whose grand-dam
was the dam of Stockwell and his big brother Rataplan. And if I had a well-bred
daughter of either St. Mungo or Dalnacardoch — two well-bred horses which never
had half a chance in this country — I would rather pay $200 for a season to Octagon
than to take one gratis to any other stallion within ten miles of him.

What you want to do is to run out both the stallion and the mare to the seventh
generation; and then, if the intermediate crosses are good (don't forget that part of
it) and entirely dissimilar, don't be afraid to mate your mare with that horse. Take
the two greatest four-mile horses of sixty-five years ago, WTagner and Boston. The
former was by Sir Charles, he by Sir Archy, out of a daughter of imported Citizen ;
and his clam, Maria West, was by Marion, who was by Sir Archy out of a daughter
of the self-same imported Citizen. Yet we all know that Wagner won a great many
big races, including the $20,000 iPost Stake at Louisville in 1839, in which he de-
feated Grey Eagle and threw about one-half the State of Kentucky into a condition
of bankruptcy.

BOSTON, foaled one year earlier than Wagner, was closely inbred but not quite
so badly as Wagner. He was by Timoleon, a son of Sir Archy, whose dam was by
Saltram (Derby winner in 1783) and he by Eclipse, Sir Archy being by imported
Diomed. Boston's dam was a full sister to Tuckahoe by Ball's Florizel, son of Diomed.
the next dam being by imported Alderman, a male-line grandson of Eclipse. At that
time two crosses of Diomed meant as much as eight crosses would now, in the matter
of close in-breeding, as Boston was foaled in 1833 and the average generation of
horses is from six to seven years, which would give about ten generations if all
horses were by young stallions and out of young mares. And that is seldom the case.
But we all know that Boston was by long odds the most consistent of performers
for he won forty races out of forty-five, of which thirty were at heats of four miles.
He won five times where the heats were broken so that he had to run four heats to
win, therefore he ran eighty miles to win five races. What do your modern trainers
think of that? In addition to that he was wintered every year at Atlanta, Ga., p'er-
forming the entire distance between there and the old Union course on Long Island,
on foot ! He had the greatest antipathy to steam and never rode a miie on a railway-
train in his life. When he got on board a ferry boat there was always a scene in
which he was the chief actor; and the only journey he ever made on a steamboat,

In-Breeding — Past and Present

187

longer than twenty minutes, was when he was taken from Pittsburg to Louisville.
He never slept two hours in all that four days' journey and wanted to fight at every
foot of the way. And now, having given you some of the most remarkable cases
of in-breeding in the earlier periods of American racing, let me now show you a
comparative table of what the in-bred and out-crossed stallions achieved in getting
winners of the nineteen most important, because the oldest established races in Eng-
land since 1810. By out-crossed horses is meant those whose sires are bred away from
their dams :

IN-BRED STALLIONS SINCE 1800

NAMES

2 YRS.

3-YKAR-OLD

CUPS

HANDICAPS

Totals

<— i

^

52

re

Champagi

O
n

1-1

,—

O

7T

72

rt-

r

1

2000Guineas

lOOOGuineas

P

rt-

0

(O

p'

CB

o

Ascot

Goodwood.

Doncaster...

Chester

0

R

—

0
p

n

n

rt

Cesare witch

Cambridge .

Great Ebor.

re

Priam

1

4

1
1
1

3
1

2

2
1

1
2

2

2
2

3
3

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1
1

I

2
1

1
2

1
1

2
1

1
1

2
1

1
1

8
10
20
2
4
6
19

10
9
3
37
5
4
3

Bay Middleton
Melbourne

2
1

2

2

1
1

1

1

1

Cotherstone
Pyrrhus I

The Baron

Cowl

H rH rH fO rH i-H

2
1

1
1

1

6

1
4

1

3
1

1
1
1

1

i

1

2

1

1

1
2

1

1
1

1

2

1

Sweetmeat
FlyingDutchmn
Chanticleer

Stockwell

Rataplan

Weatherbit
Ithuriel

139

OUT-CROSSED STALLIONS SINCE 1800

NAMES

2 YRS.

3-YEAR-OLD

CUPS

HANDICAPS

Totals

<— i

52
re

P

T!

a1

0

B)

rt-

7Q

to

1

lOOOGu

0

P

rt-

p

pH

i

Ascot..

Goodwood .

Doncaster...

Chester

O

rt

RP

a

cr

0

p

rt-

re
re
rh

Cesarewitch

Cambridge .

P
rt-

cr

o

P

8

p

n
P
a>

O
2_

re

Partisan

1

1
1

1

1

1
1

2

2

1

2

2
1
4
1
1

1

1

2

2

1
2
3
1

1
1

1
2
1

1
1

1

1

i

i

i
i
i
i

i

3

1

3

3
1
2
1
1

1

1

1

1
1

4

1
1

1

1

i

3
1
2

1
1

2

3
I

1

1

1

1

1

2
2
1
1
2

2

1
1

2

1
1

1

1
2

1

1

1

3
1

1
1

1

1
1

1
1

1

1
2

1
1

1

2

2

1

1

2
2

1 M M tO M M

1

:>>

i

i

3

7
13
25
19
10
7
12
6
9
9
14
5
12
15
4

Emilius

Touchstone
Birdcatcher
Sir Hercules
Voltaire

Pantaloon

Lanercost

Venison

Velocipede
Newmister

Kingston

Voltigeur

King Tom

Ion

167

i88 'The American 'Thoroughbred

If this subject were pursued further, it would show a gain of 37 among the out-
crossed horses for St. Simon, but it would also show a gain of 17 for Isonomy (who
had four crosses of Sir Hercules), 13 for Sterling, 21 for Hermit and seven for
Macaroni, which would bring the figures up to 197 for the in-bred stallions and to 204
for the out-cross horses. The proposition is almost as broad as it is long. By adding
Blair Athol to it you would bring the inbred stallions' get up to 204 exactly for he got
two winners of the St. Leger and one each of the July Stakes, Derby, Two Thou-
sand, One Thousand and Doncaster Cup. What an all-round stallion Blair Athol must
have been to head the list four times and be twice second with only five classified,
winners to his credit altogether. And there would be about twelve for Galopin to
go among the inbred horses which would put them well into the lead again.

Looking over the case calmly and dispassionately, I can see no other way of pre-
serving and perpetuating the blood of heroes save by judicious in-breeding. Take
the Marquis, who won the St. Leger and Two 'Thousand Guineas of 1862. He was
by Stockwell a gr. gr. gr. grandson of Whalebone ; and his dam was by Touchstone,
a male-line grandson of Whalebone; and .StockwelFs dam was by Glencoe, whose
grand-dam, Web, was a full sister to Whalebone. Take Lord Lyon, also by Stock-
well. His dam was by Paragone, son of Touchstone, aforesaid and his fourth
dam was Pawn Jr. by Waxy, she being a sister-in-blood to Whalebone. St. Albans was
outcrossed very much on his dam's side, though his maternal grandsire was by Panta-
loon out of a sister to Touchstone. Doncaster, also by Stockwell, had a daughter of
Teddington for his dam and Teddington was a male-line grandson of Touchstone.
Take the fifteen outcrossed stallions in the foregoing list and you will find the male
lines of no less than six of them are just about extinct and four of them entirely so
These four are Emilius, Lanercost, Venison and Velocipede, while Kingston's line
and Ion's exist only in Australia and are very weak at that. There was a horse of
Ion's line — imported Mariner — in California, some years ago, but I presume he is
dead by this time as I have heard nothing of him. He was an unusually heavy-
boned horse and, for that reason, should have been sent to Kentucky, where their
mares are decidedly "shy" on that great prerequisite in a matron.

I submit this question to the good sense of the American breeders with my opinion
that there is as much to be said on one side of it as on the other.

Heart to Heart Talk
with Breeders

I sit down to have a quiet chat with you, for those of you who are familiar
with my writing know that my style — granting that I have such a thing — is purely
conversational. I aim to write as I talk and hence the caption of this article.

You represent an interest that has grown steadily for the past forty years and
yet there is no unity of action among you, except in the organization of a society to
get rid of worthless broodmares by selling them, without pedigrees, for beasts of
burden on the plantations of the far South. That is a good institution and, if I
lived in Kentucky, I would be an active member of it. But there you "stop short,"
like the grandfather's clock in the song.

You make no effort to get? rid of worthless stallions. To begin with, the most
of you overtax the powers of your entire horses by taking too many mares to them.
I knew the case here, in California, of a man who took 102 mares to his stallion,
Owen Dale, bred very much like Medoc. There were very few thoroughbred mares
in this State at that time and he served five in that season, all the property of hi's
owner save one. These were bred to him early in the season and he served four
of them but once. These four bred three good winners and Owen Dale, big and
handsome as he was, never got a winner afterwards. He served from 85 to 100
mares for each of the four seasons that followed and at twelve years old he died
from exhaustion. Now, I don't suppose there is any man among you that would
use up a horse like that, but I don't believe there is one horse in fifty that is virile
enough to serve fifty mares in one season and be of any mortal account afterwards.
Of course you have heard how Muley, in England, got the Derby winner, Little
Wonder, at 26 years of age ; how American Eclipse got that brilliant horse Zenith
at 24; how Falsetto got The Picket, winner of the Kentucky Derby and Brooklyn
Handicap, when he was 24; and a few other cases like that, all of them quite ex-
ceptional, and we all know that exceptions serve to prove the force of any rule.
The truth is that, with the usage most stallions get nowadays, most of them are
comparatively useless before reaching eighteen.

Then most of you will buy anything that is entire and imported. You look at a
horse and examine his breeding. He is by a fashionable sire and out of a mare by a
sire that was fashionable twenty years ago; and you never stop to consider whether
he comes from a line of sire-producing mares or not. Where did you ever find a stallion
that was successful and not bred from sire-producing mares ? You will say Hanover and

The American Thoroughbred

Whistle Jacket, of course. All right. Put Longfellow in with them also, and there you
are at the end of your rope. On the other hand, take the great sire-producing mares of
England. Take Amazon, by Driver, for instance. She was foaled just 105 years ago
and was by Driver, son of Trentham, who got Tabitha, the grand dam of Sir Archy;
and I have always been disposed to credit Sir Archy's excellence to Castianira and
Tabitha, rather than to Diomed, who, with all the prestige attaching to the first Derby
winner, surely ought to have gotten something of merit besides Young Giantess.

Well, from Amazon are descended, in female tail-line, Isinglass, the greatest money
winner the world has ever seen ; Stockwell, the greatest sire ever foaled ; Rataplan,
his brother, a better racehorse than Stockwell and quite his equal as a broodmare sire;
King Tom, whose fillies were better than either Stockwell's or Rataplan's ; Talk o' the
Hill, detailed at greater length in the Australian chapter of this book ; Quicklime, not
the best of sires, but fairly good ; Rayon d'Or, as great a sire as he was a performer,
which says a great deal; Conveth, a good horse buried alive in Southern California;
Nuneham, whose fee was $250 in 1882; Blandford, sire of that good horse, Mate;
and a dozen others of less note. The No. 3 family of Bruce Lowe's system is the
greatest of all sire families and the Amazon branch is the best branch of it, although
Flving Dutchman, Lanercost, Galopin, Pyrrhus the First and other great sires trace
also to the Byerly Turk mare, which produced the two True Blues, but not through
Amazon.

Then there is Boadicea by Alexander and she had a sister called Berenice. Boadicea
is the main stay of the No. 14 family and I cannot recall another single stallion of
note that traces back to Berenice, who is the ancestress, at the fifth generation of that
capital sire, Buccaneer, who got Brigantine, Kisber and Formosa. On the other hand,
her sister, Boadicea, is the one great mare in the No. 14 family and to her trace directly
all its best exponents, as follows :

>>

vO cj

M <L>

°S ffi

*&

f Touchstone, 1831.
Launcelot, 1837.
Jocose — Macaroni, 1860.

Pantaloon Mare — Lady Palmerston —
Lady Patroness — First Lady — Grand
Flaneur.

Pasquinade

Sarcasm — Satirist, 1838.

( The Libel.
! Springy Jack.

Caricature — Defamation — Stolen
I — Reform

Kisses

I

Evening Star. .

Waterwitch-Mermaid

Le Loup.

ffi Jo

>•

PQ

Starlight— Zone...

Daughter of the Star.

Lurline.

Midnight — Torchlight — Lamplighter.
Cape Race.
Arizona — Aranza.

Hippia — Tarantula — Taranto.
Hippolyta — Fairy Rose.

Darebin.
Plenty

Fairy.

ETIOUETTF i ( Auckland.

f-R^r r>r,Mii^' } Maid of Honor -I Daphne — Pantaloon mare — Leamington.

p r> ill A
(By Orville)

( Honoria — Queen of Beauty — Panic.

A Heart to Heart Talk with Breeders

Now then, if you are a really intelligent breeder you would rather pay out $100
for a season's service to a horse tracing back to Boadicea, than to breed her free of
charge to a stallion tracing to her full sister, Berenice. People may say "the blood is
just the same," but that does not necessarily insure success. In the descendants of this
same mare, Boadicea, we find strong enough proof of that for her grandson, Touch-
stone, was one of the most successful sires of the century, while his full brother*,
Launcelot — also a St. Leger winner and as much handsomer horse than Touchstone
as one horse could possibly be handsomer than another — never got a horse above the
grade of a selling plater. I am one of these fellows who is easily scared by the "full
brother" dodge. A man, some twelve years ago, brought over a black New Zealand
horse called Idalium, full brother to Sir Modred and Cheviot, who had already gotten
some good horses in America. The horse was offered to a friend of mine who con-
sulted me about him. I told him to let him alone because in the long space of an
entire century, there were just two mares that produced three first-class sires. These
were the Alexander mare (dam of Selim, Rubens and Castrel), foaled in 1793; and
the great Pocahontas (dam of Stockwell, King Tom and Rataplan, ranking as sires
in the order named), foaled in 1837. I told him that Idalia had already produced
two good sires in Sir Modred and Cheviot ; and that, with the experience of the past
century, one could not well look for anything else to equal them from that mare. The
horse finally became the property of A. B. Spreckles who, in eight years, wasted a
lot of good mares on him without getting as much as a decent selling plater. I there-
fore am not easily caught by the "full brother" or "full sister" business.

The No. 4 family is considerably spread out — that's where it differs from the
No. 14, which owes all its prestige to Boadicea. There are several branches of the
No. 4 family which, to my notion, is stronger in America than in England, for I do
not know of any three English sires from it that equal Iroquois, Sir Dixon and Bel-
videre. Thormanby was good and Kisber was better, but I know of no other sire of
note in this English branch except it be Pizzaro, imported by Mr. Pierre Lorillard ;
and he died too young for anybody to form a really correct idea of his powers as a
sire. My impression is that he was on the high road to fame when he died. His
half-brother, Pontiac, by Pero Gomez, gets a good horse occasionally, Ramapo being
the best of his progeny, and he must be at least fourteen years old. Pontiac was the
second horse to win the Suburban Handicap at Sheepshead Bay.

My advice to breeders is -to begin as systematically as they would go into any other
kind of business. Lay down certain rules for yourselves and live up to them in a
methodical way. The rules I would prescribe for your guidance would be the fol-
lowing:

I. Don't breed your mare to a horse lacking in individuality, no matter how
well-bred he may be.

II. Don't breed your mare to a bad-tempered horse, no matter how good a per-
former he may have been. There are "Sulkers" enough in the world already without
adding to their number.

III. In the selection of a stallion always endeavor to breed your mares to one
whose female tail-line shows more than one sire produced by those mares. See pedi-
grees of Touchstone, Leamington, Reform, and Darebin in America ; and Panic and
Grand Flaneur in the Australian Colonies. They all traced to Boadicea.

IV. Endeavor to breed conversely — like the pedigrees of Ayrshire, Sir Modred
and Chester, given elsewhere in this book — provided the intermediate crosses are
quite dissimilar.

V. If a mare is twelve years old and has had five foals or more, mate her with
a stallion from six to eight years old or even five. If she is five or six years old or
at any age under twelve, breed her to some old and well-tried horse, from fourteen
to twenty years of age.

192 The American Thoroughbred

VI. Never overtax a stallion's powers. A young horse under ten can stand
fifty mares annually if he is a horse of any stamina at all, more especially if he does
not go to the stud till he is six or seven. Perhaps it would be well to give a four-
year-old ten mares; a five-year-old, twenty; from six to twelve, inclusive, forty; and
then take five less each year till' you get down to fifteen. If your horse has any merit
whatever, he will earn you as much then as he did when he was serving thirty.

VII. Do not breed a mare immediately after she comes out of training. A mare
that is to be bred next year, should have been taken out of training not later than May
and given a thorough respite before asking her to assume the burden of maternity.
It is in this way that I account for so many great racing mares turning out such
indifferent producers. They have had six or seven campaigns, many of them begin-
ning to race at two years old ; and for all that they belong to men who deny them
from six to eight months' rest before entering upon the cares of the harem.

VIII. Stem corn-blades, cut when in the milk and feed them to your mares during
the period of gestation. Sixty pounds of corn-blades will contain as much nutriment
as two hundred pounds of alfalfa. Boston was about the toughest piece of horse
flesh in America and he was fed more or less on corn-blades all of his life.

IX. All mares nursing foals should have their grain boiled first and allowed to
cool, letting them also drink the water in which it was boiled.

X. All stallions should be given four miles of walking exercise at least twice a
day, morning and evening. They should be well fed but not pampered. No horse
that is "hog fat" ever gets good and active foals. If your groom is afraid to ride
him, turn the horse into a small but well-fenced paddock and let him exercise himself.

XL Always endeavor to mate a mare with a horse capable of returning to her
the best blood in his dam. For instance, there is the great Australian horse, Abercorn.
now in England. The best blood in his dam is that of Hybla, dam of the Derby win-
ner, Kettledrum, and the Oaks winner, Mincemeat. Mincemeat was a full sister to
Clove, Abercorn's fourth dam. Now, why do they select Sir Bevys' daughters for
Abercorn? Because Clove was by Sweetmeat and Sir Bevys is a great grandson of
Sweetmeat in male tail-line ; and because Sir Bevys' dam, Lady Langden, was by
Kettledrum, whose dam was Hybla.

XII. See that your yearlings are in good shape before sending them to the
auction block. A. B. Spreckels, of Napa county, California, sold twenty head for
$26,000 in New York during August, an average of $1,300 per head, the largest of
the current year. Now, what made those prices? Nothing but good business man-
agement. His stallions, Marius and Solitaire, are good individuals and as well bred
as any in America, but neither of them was shown at the sale, so it could not be on
their account for both are so far wholly untried sires ; and as for Mr. Spreckels'
mares, while they are all good, none of them have as yet produced what you might
call a great stake-horse. The cause of those prices was good care of the youngsters
at home and good luck in getting them across the continent without blemish. They
had been thoroughly broken but not trained, in the general sense of the term. They
had been saddled, trotted and cantered slowly but not "brushed" for speed or given
a "work-out," yet they were thoroughly bridlewise and trackwise ; and in every way
fit to go into a trainer's hands at the opening of the next racing season. They. sold on
their good looks and their general display of good sense. You cannot expect to
realize the Spreckels' prices unless you give your yearlings the Spreckels' care and
attention at home.

"Now, with all the advice I have given,

You surely should be wide awake ;
And if you believe that I'll talk any more,
Why, that's where you make a mistake."

A Heart to Heart Talk with Breeders

I cannot close this chapter without bearing down heavily upon the burning ques-
tion of individuality. A stallion owner in England, having a horse that has been a
failure there and having heard that many stallions have succeeded in the United
States after having failed in England, sends the horse over here to be sold or to be
stood on a percentage with some well-known breeder in the "dark and bloody ground."
Nobody takes the trouble to look further than the number by which the Weatherbys
have registered him in the English Stud Book, but takes it for granted that he must
be good because he's "English, you know." In this way a great many horses have
"left their country for their country's good" and been foisted upon the breeding public,
being of the class which an Illinois breeder once described as being "all pedigree and
no horse." My own belief is that both Lexington and Hanover owed their wonderful
fertility to individuality and not to their breeding. It is an open question in my own
mind whether either of them was strictly thoroughbred, for Lexington was a male-
line grandson of Timoleon, whose pedigree was a forgery as stupid as it was deliberate ;
and Hanover's fourth dam was Ophelia by Wild Medley, whose breeding was as bad
as that of the Australian-bred Tim Whiffler, of whom Adam Lindsay Gordon de-
clared :

"The breed of his dam is a myth unknown
And we've doubts respecting his sire."

Old and wise heads like Dr. Elisha Warfield, Dr. B. W. Dudley and others of the
type that has made Kentucky famous as the great breeding-ground of America, shook
their heads knowingly when Wild Medley was mentioned. And when Grey Eagle
was mentioned, old Robert Wooding would say to me, "A very handsome horse, sir.
It's a pity he had not a better authenticated pedigree." But in spite of all this, the
obstinate fact confronts you that Lexington headed the list of winning sires for
eleven seasons and Hanover for four, under a competition so severe that, had Lexing-
ton been subjected to the same, he would hardly have been premier for five seasons.
Lexington came on just after Glencoe was dead and while Sovereign and Yorkshire
were fading as fast as twenty-year-old horses can fade. The only horses likely to
be dangerous were Leamington and Bonnie Scotland and they made their invasions
of Kentucky "few and far between." Lexington, on the other hand, was domiciled at
the Big Spring and his owner's great wealth had enabled him to buy up all the Glen-
coe mares and nearly all the best daughters of Albion. Hanover, in the later years,
was surrounded by the very best and most fashionable blood of two continents —
Rayon d'Or, Eothen and Deceiver, among Touchstone horses ; and Wagner, Esher,
Order, and a dozen other good Stockwell horses, so you see that while Lexington, in
1876 had more money to his credit than did Hanover in his very best year, the sixth
horse in Hanover's year had more money won than did the second horse in 1870.

My own belief, reiteratd a dozen times in racing newspapers before this book was
begun, or even contemplated, is that one-half the earlier Virginian pedigrees are the
most stupid kin'd of forgeries. The element that followed Daniel Boone into the
land of blue grass was of a sterner and stronger type of manhood, believing that a
stain upon a man's honor is worse than a wound in his heart. They had lots of good
"hard horse-sense" likewise and knew that dishonesty is sure of detection, because
the greed of crooked people is insatiate and "the pitcher always goes to the well once
too often." So it is that where a Kentucky pedigree is obscure I always feel inclined
to give it the benefit of the doubt. But not so with the clouded pedigrees that have
emanated from the "Old Dominion." That of Sir Charles had a very bad look and as
for that of Timoleon, any money paid for the service of that horse was obtained under
false pretenses.

Selling Races

It is generally conceded that selling races have become the bane of the American
turf, and that the time has come for a partial, if not total, abrogation of the evil. Of
course, such a thing is impossible at the mi'd-winter tracks, as selling races form four-
fifths of their daily programs. But at New York there is a talk of reformation in this
quarter; and President Belmont has called in E. R. Thomas and Walter Scheftel for
a consultation as to the modification of the crying evil.

Some ten years ago the Australian racing authorities had a good deal of trouble
with this matter. A diminutive creature, who began life as a fish peddler from house
to house, had become an owner of a few cheap selling platers ; and, with his gains from
their earnings, had begun to buy horses of better class which he persisted in running
in selling events. Of course, when such horses won, they were liable to be run up
and whenever this occurred the services of a notorious bruiser were called into requisi-
tion and the purchaser got a hard beating for spoiling the owner's little game. This
procedure took place so often that the racing authorities felt in duty bound to take cog-
nizance of the evil, and the consequence was that the four leading clubs, controlling the
tracks at Randwick, Rose Hill, Flemington and Caulfield, held a convention at which
it was resolved to abolish selling races altogether, leaving such events to be run at
the smaller and less important tracks, of which there are about thirty. That was nine
years ago, since which time there has not been a selling race run at any one of the
four courses above named.

In the writer's belief the time has arrived for similar action on the part of the
Jockey Club which controls all the races run over the great metropolitan race courses
situated in the vicinity of New York. If two cities like Sydney and Melbourne,
neither of which has over 450,000 population, can afford to inaugurate a movement of
this sort, surely New York, with nearly five millions, can afford to follow suit and get
rid of a class of races that are quite as objectionable as the men who participate in
them. The metropolitan tracks already are giving two stake races each day and can
easily fill in their programs with races at weights above and below the scale, as well as
with races to be run with penalties and allowances, thus eliminating the selling races
from their programs altogether.

But where will the poor owners go to race ? The answer is that there are several
tracks in Canada, as well as at Baltimore, Washington, Buffalo, Detroit, Cincinnati,
and other places where selling races are necessary to fill up the bills of the day ; and
where but few, if any, valuable sweepstake races are run during the entire year. At

196 'The American Thoroughbred

those tracks the selling platers would have things pretty much their own way and no-
body would be the worse for it.

There is no lack of high-class horses about the New York tracks, for there you
find the very pick of the country. If any man doubts this, let him look over Good-
win's Guide and see how often a western horse wins races at the metropolitan courses.
The receipts from the gates are so large at Coney Island, Morris Park, Gravesend and
Saratoga that those tracks are in no sense dependent upon the support of the book-
makers, who are the chief advocates of selling races. Let us see if the Jockey Club,
of which August Belmont is chairman, will have the moral courage to abolish selling
races altogether, leaving them to be run at the cheaper and more remote tracks. The
time is ripe for a sweeping reform in this matter.

Spurious Pedigrees

I do not believe in encouraging crookedness of any sort, nor can I see why any
man who palms off a horse with a forged pedigree upon an unsuspecting buyer, should
be allowed to reside outside the walls of a penitentiary. Certain it is that some American
stallions of great fame have, in the past, stood for public service under pedigrees that
were, to say the least, badly clouded. Take, for instance, the case of that great race-
horse, Timoleon, foaled in 1813. He won the colt stake at Broad Rock (as slow a track
as could be found in all America) in 1816; time 1:48 — 1:47. The time of those two
heats was never equalled until 1858, when Planet, by Revenue out of Nina by Boston
won the same race in i 147 — i 148, beating Bill Cheatham, Hempland and two others ;
and even then it was not deemed so good becaujse Timoleon's second heat was the
faster. On retiring to the stud this great performer actually stood under three different
pedigrees in the short space of eight years, as follows :

FOALED. PEDIGREE OF TIMOLEON, BY SIR ARCHY. FOALED. . DIED.

ist dam. . . .1815 by imp. Saltram 1780

2d " . . . . 1812 by Symmes Wildair 1770

3d " . . . . 1809 by imp. Driver 1806

4th " . . . . by imp. Follower 1761

5th " . . . . by imp. Vampire 1757

SECOND PEDIGREE.

ist ' ... .1818 by imp. Saltram 1780

2d " .... 1815 by Symmes Wildaii- 1770

3d ' .... 1812 by imp. Fearnaught 1755 1776

4th " .... 1809 by imp. Driver 1806

5th " . . . . by imp. Follower 1761

6th " . . . . by imp. Vampire 1757

THIRD PEDIGREE.

ist " ... .1815 by imp. Saltram 1780

2d '' .... 1812 by Symmes Wildair 1770

3d " .... 1809 by imp. Driver 1806

4th " ... .1777 by imp. Fearnaught 1755 J776

5th " . . . . by imp. Follower 1761

6th " . . . . by imp. Vampire *757

These are the three pedigrees of the obscurely-bred but great racehorse Timoleon,
sire of the mighty Boston, who won 40 races out of 45 and headed the list of sires
for three seasons. According to the first one, Timoleon was a two-year-old when his
dam was foaled ; and his second dam was foaled when her sire was forty-two years old.

The American Thoroughbred

It is also given that his third dam was foaled in 1800. She could not have been foaled
earlier because the English stud book gives imported Driver as having been foaled in
1806, so that he must have served the Follower mare as a yearling.

Now comes the second pedigree under which Timoleon stood for mares in North
Carolina. According to that, his dam was five years younger than himself and his
grand-dam one year younger. This would make Symmes' Wildair forty-four years
old when he got the second dam of Timoleon ; and she would be, by this showing, one
year younger than her grandson. Still further, it makes Timoleon's third dam just
two years older than himself and seeks to establish the proposition that she was the
daughter of a horse that had been dead for thirty-five years when she was begotten.

In the third pedigree, under which he stood in Alabama, before being taken back
to Virginia, he is said to have been begotten by Sir Archy, which is correct enough ;
his dam (also the dam of Jenny Cockracy) being gotten by Saltram when he was
thirty-four years old ! There is no mistake about Saltram's dates, for he won the
Epsom Derby of 1783 and was imported at ten years old. The Stud Book is silent
as lo when he died. Then Symmes Wildair, according 'o this third pedigree, way
forty-one when he got the grand-dam of Timoleon ; and that the great grand-dam was
foaled in 1809 or else she could not have been by imported Driver, whose dates were
as well authenticated as those of Sir Archy or Diomed.

Why did not Col. Bruce expose this fraud? Perhaps he was not aware of it,
but that seems hardly credible, for John S. Skinner had exposed it about 1853 in an
agricultural journal called the "Plow, Loom and Anvil." At the time Col. Bruce com-
pleted his first two volumes of the Stud Book, both Ringgold and Lexington — sons of
Boston — were alive; and about twenty sons of Lexington were doing stud service in
Kentucky and Tennessee. To have published the above three pedigrees (probably all
of them most deliberate forgeries) would have been to set the stamp of bastardy on
every one of those stallions. The truth is that Timoleon, great performer as he was
beyond doubt, was only a half-bred horse. To have said this, in so many words,
however, would have given his American Stud Book a black eye in his native State
and subjected him to a heavy pecuniary loss; and we all know that Kentuckians are
nothing if not clannish. The advertising portion of this book should be sufficient
proof of that.

In 1859 John P. Welch came to this country by way of Panama, bringing with him
the stallion Rifleman and the mare Mary Chilton, both by imported Glencoe. The former
was traced back to just where it now stands, being almost identical with that of Novice,
dam of Norfolk. The great Hermis traced to the same tap-root. But the mare's
darn was given as by American Eclipse out of Queen Mary by Bertrand. In Volume
I of the American Stud Book, Colonel Bruce, who knew the American families better
than any three men now alive, traces Queen Mary back to a mare foaled prior to the
Revolution, claimed to be by imported Whittington. Now, if that be correct, why is
not the Whittington mare to be found in the Stud Book? Mr. Bruce gives Queen
Mary's dam as by Brimmer, while the tabulated pedigree of Longfellow, given in
Bruce's book of 1892, gives her as "by Blue Beard, a son of. imported Sterling." Quiz,
the dam of Nantura and second dam of Longfellow, was a full sister to Queen Mary.
In 1861 William M. Williamson was offered Mary Chilton for $400, but declined on
the ground that her breeding was deficient and did not prove her to be thoroughbred.
She was then sold to Alexander Gamble and produced Thad Stevens while his prop-
erty. Now they carry the pedigree away back to a mare foaled in England ; and give
Longfellow, Thad Stevens and Ten Broeck the number 26 in Bruce Lowe's system.

Just so with Eolus, Fanny Washington, Slasher, Scathelock and Lizzie Mc-
Donald. I had seen Slasher, by Child* Harold out of Sarah Washington, at the Long
Island races in 1857; and when I heard he was broken down, wrote to Tom Battelle to
see what the horse could be gotten for. The price was $1500 and the pedigree given

Spurious Pedigrees

as follows: First clam, Sarah Washington by Garrison's Zinganee ; second dam, Stella
by Contention ; third dam a mare by imp. Speculator. "The balance of the pedigree
forgotten, having been destroyed by fire." Nothing was given beyond the Speculalor
mare. Now they have Eolus, a grandson of Sarah Washington, traced back to the
founder of the No. 6 family, to which trace Priam, Muley, Phantom and Langar, as
well as Diomed, the first winner of the Derby. The reason I did not buy Slasher,
who pleased me exceedingly as an individual, was because I deemed him short-bred.
Adolph Maillard, who died in California but then residing at Bordentown, N. J., got
the horse for $1000 a year later. Query, did a short pedigree have anything to do
with the short price? If the Doswells, who owned Slasher as late as 1859, could trace
Slasher back to the founder of the 6 family, why could they not do so when I stood
ready to pay $500 more for the big horse than they got from Mr. Maillard?

Of course, all these things have a queer look "to a man up a tree," but the Timoleon
case is by long odds the worst. I have always claimed that neither Lexington nor
Hanover could have been registered as thoroughbred with the Weatherbys in London.
Neither could Lecompte nor Starke, in consequence of which both Starke and Umpire
were sold to go to Russia, the latter being a son of Lecompte. But the Weatherbys
had no hesitation in registering Annette, who was by imported Scythian out of Alice
Carneal (Lexington's dam) by Sarpedon. lou go to Australia and you will find
Mostyn, a grandson of Annette, a decided favorite with the breeding public, and why?
Because Alice Carneal was thoroughbred and Boston was not, although they have now
gotten a number 40 for him. I certainly would have bought Slasher in 1859 and Mary
Chilton in 1861 had their owners been able to show seven authenticated crosses for
either of them. Now they go back to the i72o's and both have numbers.

It certainly seems strange that Mr. Bruce should have been satisfied to admit Timo-
leon to the American Stud Book; and yet we know that he admitted Picayune, Mt-
nerva Anderson and Brown Kitty, none of which were strictly thoroughbred. Jenny
Cockracy was just as well bred as either of them and nobody ever claimed her to be
thoroughbred. I do not object to people claiming these horses as thoroughbreds, but
when thev commence to give them Bruce Lowe numbers, then I begin to feel like a
worthy Teuton I once knew in Oregon. He kept a beer saloon and one night a drunken
cowboy began a disturbance in the house.

"'Whoopee," he cried, "I'm a wolf and it's my night to howl !"

Old Ben Kor-ten came out from behind the bar, exclaiming :

"I'm a government mule and it's my night to kick.' And he did, landing the noisy
cowboy about twenty feet out in the street. And when I see Bruce Lowe numbers for
horses that are of as obscure families as the. above were in 1850, I feel like doing a
little "kicking" myself. I don't see why a horse that is as good a performer as was
Eolus or Longfellow is not good enough on his actual breeding, without attempting to
run him back to one of the 43 mares in the Bruce Lowe system. No number has been
gotten for Spendthrift or Wildidle — they were good enough without any.

The pedigrees of Sir Charles in Virginia and Grey Eagle in Kentucky were always
deemed spurious. Nobody ever could have recollected seeing any such horse as Wild
Medley; and the pedigree of Grey Eagle was always deemed spurious for that reason.
As Hanover comes from the same source we must subject him to the same ruling as
Grey Eagle ; and yet we know he was not only the best race horse of his day, but the
only sire since Glenelg to head the list four times. His daughters are making repu-
tations for young sires and as for his sons, they surely are among our best native stal-
lions. For all that, I 'reiterate my belief that neither Boston, Lexington nor Hanover
could have been registered in the English Stud Book, for reasons given above. Wild
Medley was, beyond doubt, a myth unknown.

Some time in 1860, while living in Sacramento, I received a note from a well-
known liquor merchant of that city, asking me to come to his place of business and in-
spect his imported mare. This was just after Langford, by Belmont, had won his

2oo T'/ie American Thoroughbred

great $10,000 match against Ashland at four-mile heats; and both Col. E. S. Lathrop
and myself were desirous of getting a few. good mares to mate with him. I went
down and looked the mare all over and was perfectly satisfied with her appearance, she
being a rich brown, big and roomy, with no end of quality. The price was $3000.
which I was perfectly willing to pay, but Col. Lathrop said I ought to have demanded a
breeders' certificate. Her pedigree as he gave it to me, was as follows :

FAIRY QUEEN, br m., by Launcelot (St. Leger of 1840 and brother to Touchstone),
out of Amima (sister to Augustus, winner of the 2000 guineas), by Sultan from Au-
gusta by Woful, brother to Whalebone and Whisker.

Nothing could surpass that for gilt-edged breeding, but when I came to ask for a
breeder's certificate, the gentleman was completely non-plussed. He had never had
one, so he said, but had bought the mare from his friend, Duncan Fraser, of Montreal.
A letter sent to that address with a five days' return mark on it, came back to me with-
out answer, showing that the party was mythical entirely. Subsequently, I wrote to
the late Charles J. Foster, racing editor of the Spirit of the Times, asking him to con-
sult his English Stud Book and send me a correct list of the produce of Amima by Sul-
tan. It took twenty-five days then for a letter to reach New York, but the answer
came in due time, showing that Amima had not only never produced a foal to Launcelot,
but had actually never been stinted to him ! When Col. Bruce started to publish his
American Stud Book he engaged me to compile that portion of it relating to California
thoroughbreds. It is needless to say that imported Fairy Queen, by Launcelot out of
Amima by Sultan, did not find a place in that volume or any other. There was never a
more deliberate attempt at wholesale robbery than that, but, as the offender is now
dead, I drop the mantle of charity over his remains and decline to give his name.

The man who takes another man's money for the services of a stallion with a
bogus pedigree, is no better than a highway robber. I know of cases wherein a mare
was sent to be bred to one horse and was mated with another. The man who gets a
spurious pedigreed horse under circumstances like that, certainly cannot be blamed
for it. But I have known pedigrees to be cut out of whole cloth in (this state; and I
have also known of a man who stood a "ridgeling" for three years before it was dis-
covered. In either case it was obtaining money by false nretenses and the offenders
should have been sent to the penitentiary. There is no good nor valid reason why the
breeding of horses should not be conducted as fairly and honestly as any other busi-
ness. And those who desire to be honest should lend every possible effort to punish
those who seek to live by devious methods.

Military Proposition

In the breeding of the thoroughbred horse there is something more involved than
merely gambling upon the turf. It is a matter of military import, not to be wholly
overlooked nor hastily dismissed as being impracticable or unimportant. Men who are
familiar with the history of the Civil War in America know that for the first three
years of that war the Federal troops never won a single cavalry engagement. And
why? Because they were mounted upon horses wholly unfit for cavalry service, bred
in the Northern states, where people rode behind their horses instead of bestriding
them.

In the last year of the war the government managed to get hold of a few hundred
thoroughbred geldings and the scale of battle turned. But the victories of the South-
ern cavalry were wholly due to the fact that, up to the outbreak of the war, they had
used nothing but thoroughbred sires for all purposes ; and that the light-harness horse
was unknown in the South, save in the state of Kentucky, and there only in about
four counties. The blood of all sorts of turf celebrities flowed in the veins of nine
out of every ten horses that carried men in uniforms of gray. It was no wonder,
therefore, that the message of McClellan to the effect that "Pleasanton, with his cav-
alry, is in full pursuit of the enemy," became a "source of infinite merriment" to those
who knew anything about horses. They knew that, after the first hour's pursuit was
over, the Southern horses could gallop ten miles in less time than the Federal cavalry
could cover seven ; and that as long as the Federal cavalry were mounted on Northern
bred horses, they might chase the Southerners for years and never catch them.

No army can get along without good horses — both for cavalry and artillery use ;
and that is why I urge the establishment of breeding farms by the government, similar
to those of Russia and Austro-Hungary. In the Boer war in South Africa, England
purchased about 12,000 cavalry horses in the Argentine Republic and shipped them
across to the Cape of Good Hope ; and also purchased about 7500 head in Austro-Hun-
gary, which, while they were not so good as might have been desired, were infinitely bet-
ter than those bought in South America. Now, supposing that England had been en-
gaged in a war with some power on the continent, how would she have gotten out her
Hungarian-bred horses?

I favor government breeding for the reason that our government still has plenty of
land for such purposes and can breed her own cavalry remounts as cheaply as she can
buy them, and of a good deal better quality. In this I am sustained by the opinion of
Major William B. Kennedy, U. S. A., retired, and a resident of this city; and by con-

2O2 The American Thoroughbred

current opinions of several other military gentlemen with whom I have conversed upon
this subject but who had not given it so much study as Major Kennedy has done. He
believes that the desert (reclaimed by irrigation, of course) is the proper place for gov-
ernment breeding farms, because the horses grown there have harder legs and feet,
as well as greater lung power, superinduced by the dry climate of the plains. There is
everything to be said in favor of the proposition and nothing to be said against it.
Moreover, many soldiers who have been mustered out of the service by the age limit,
might afterwards find good and worthy employment at these government farms as
grooms and hostlers. And now having stated the proposition on its merits, let us
take a glance across the Atlantic and see what they are doing in the land of the Czar
as well as in the empire of Hapsburg. For what follows here I am indebted to two
contributions to Mr. Allison's work on the "British Thoroughbred." One of these is
from the pen of Count Lehndorff, acknowledged to be the greatest authority on horse-
breeding in all Continental Europe ; and the other was written by Prince Dimitri Kon-
stantinovitch, who is now chairman of a Russian Board created for the express pur-
pose of breeding horses.

Let us first look at Austro-Hungary. They had no great amount of racing in that
country until 1860, but they have been using thoroughbred stallions for breeding their
cavalry horses since 1785; and have reinforced their farms with English-bred sires
from time to time until every cavalry horse in the Austrian army contains from 50 to 70
per cent of thoroughbred blood. The Austrian government has thirty-seven stud farms
and over 1400 sire depots or "stations" as they are sometimes called. In these stud
farms they had, in 1899, 2199 stallions, of which ninety-six were thoroughbreds duly
registered and bred mostly in England and France. Carnage by Nordenfelt out of
Mersey (Carbine's dam) by Knowsley, was bred in Australia; and Fordham, by Fal-
setto out of Semper Vive, was foaled in America, these being the only two bred out-
side of Europe. In the past four years some thirty odd thoroughbred stallions have
been imported from France, while some of the older ones have died.

The Hungarian government gives about $50,000 annually to the encouragement of
breeding, in the shape of racing prizes, about two-thirds of which amount is run for at
Budapest, while the rest is distributed at provincial meetings. Some of these meetings
are run near Lippiza, in the mountains of Karst; and the Lippizan horse is of a type
that is small, but hardy, and not to be surpassed for endurance.

In 1900, according to Count Lehndorff, the Hungarian government had 2948 stal-
lions, of which 317 were registered thoroughbreds. These stallions covered 128,676
mares, for which the government had an income of 507,175 florins, equal to about
$250,000 of American money. The number of stations where stallions can be leased
by breeders on the stipulation that they shall not serve more than fifty mares in any one
season, had increased from 58 in 1863 to 177 in 1900.

Breeding in Russia was done in a very half-hearted way till about 1857, when Count
Dashkoff was made president of the Imperial Horse-Breeding Board. His memory is
revered in his native land as that of the man who placed horse-breeding on a firm and
sound foundation. After his death the Grand Duke Dimitri Konstantinovitch was
appointed to succeed him, he being an uncle to the Czar. He realized that a first-class
thoroughbred stallion must be had at once, regardless of price; and with that end in
view he authorized Mr. Allison of the International Horse Exchange to purchase
Galtee More, the big Irish colt that won the "Triple Crown" of 1897, for 20,000 guineas,
equal to $100,000 of American money. Since then the Russian government has pur-
chased the French Derby winner, Clover ; and the English horses, Carlton, Magus. En-
duronce, Marshal Saxe, Bendigo and Shaddock, the latter being about the best-bred
one of the lot.

A Military Proposition 203

FROM ENGLAND. FROM FRANCE.

War Craft 1878 Bracconier 1873

Cade , 1887 Viennois 1883

Hengist 1867 Salvator 1872

His Majesty 1870 Zutzen 1874

Kaiser 1870 Energique 1889

Lara 1881 Consul 1866

Christmas Carol 1862 Boiand 1870

Marshal Scott 1876 Le Sarrazin 1865

Melbourne 1885 Le Nord 1887

Merry Sunshine 1870 Montanvert 1890

Owen 1873 Peut Etre 1871

Roehampton '. 1873 Radieux 1881

Paganini 1870 Roitelet 1884

Pennistone 1889

Typheus 1865

Faugh-a-Ballagh 1879

Idle Boy 1891

There are an average of 800 male foals emasculated every year in America by the
breeders of thoroughbreds, many of which could be sold to the government for breed-
ing purposes if government studs, similar to those of Russia and Hungary, were estab-
lished m this country. The government of Russia believes firmly in the racing tests,
and there are thirty-two race courses on which are given 220 days of racing in each
year. The returns for 1890 gave a total of 1200 flat races and 265 steeplechases run
during the year. The total amount of purses and stakes distributed during the year
was 1,515,000 roubles, equivalent in American money to about $800,000.

Now, if such achievements can be made in a half-barbarous country like Russia,
why not in an enlightened nation like our own? The Federal government has an
abundance of land that is available for no purposes other than pasturage; and it could
easily purchase suitable stallions and mares for stocking those lands. In many cases
a revenue could be derived by leasing the services of some of the sires to private par-
ties for a limited number of mares, which would materially aid in rendering the system
self-supporting. Of course, the main requisite in the selection of sires and mares is
soundness and nothing but soundness; and the chief object in selecting the thorough-
bred sires is to imbue the limbs, the lungs, the nerves and the general constitution with
that great prerequisite, thus permanently enhancing its capabilities. It is to be hoped
that our army will never again be found in a predicament similar to that which con-
fronted it in 1861. With this end in view I should recommend the establishment of
government stud farms as follows :

Texas — Two farms, one for breeding heavy dragoon horses and the other for breed-
ing mules for transportation purposes.

Missouri — Two farms similar to those proposed for Texas.

Idaho — Two farms, each for breeding light cavalry horses, with an experimental
mating of Indian pony mares with small and comoactly built thoroughbred sires, not
exceeding fifteen hands high.

Washington — (East of the Cascade mountains.) Two farms, one for light cavalry
horses and one for artillery horses.

Oregon — Two farms, one east of the Cascade range and one south of the Cali-
pooya mountains, both for artillery horses, to be bred from the union of heavy-work
mares with large and well-made thoroughbred sires.

2O/I- The American Thoroughbred

California — Two farms, one south of the Tehachapi and one north of Red Bluff,
both for heavy cavalry horses.

Arizona — Two farms, one for heavy cavalry horses and one for light cavalry nags.
New Mexico — Two farms, one for light cavalrv horses and one for mules.

With the experiences of Slavic Europe for a guide in this matter, there should not
be much hesitation on the part of our government about going into the thing experi-
mentally. The "wild and woolly West" still contains thousands of acres of lands cov-
ered with succulent bunch-grass on which thousands of cattle have been pastured in
the last forty years and from which the government has derived no revenue whatever.
It is pretty nearly time that "Uncle Sam" was coming into his own.

Two-T^ear-Old Racing

This I can honestly call the curse of the American turf. If there be no legisla-
tion to stop it, the character and quality of the American thoroughbred is bound to de-
teriorate before long. Men say, "Oh, you're a pessimist. Our horses make better
time than ever they did. You have seen Lexington's time equalled by a third-class
horse and beaten four seconds by horses that were never first-class foir an hour of their
lives. The mile record, on a circular track, is now 6*/2 seconds faster than it was in
1857 and the two-mile record seven seconds faster. And yet you talk of deterioration."

My answer to this is, first, that the time test was never an infallible one. It is
merely good as a side issue, like the Bruce Lowe system in breeding. Second, the
tracks are now much faster, especially on the Pacific Coast than they we're forty
years ago. Third, training is progressive and the ablest trainers we have, with one
or two exceptions, are men less than forty years old. The least success achieved
since 1900 has been by men of. the longest experience. All these things have con>-
tributed to bring about the lowering of records.

Now go back to 1840 and thereabouts. We had scarcely any two-year-old racing
at that period ; and Clara Fisher, by Kosciusko, was the only horse up to that time to
start in eight races, six of which she won. Boston was not trained till the fall of his
three-year-old form and what did he do? He won forty races in forty-five starts,
of which thirty were at four-mile heats. Not only that, but his thirty races at four
miles will bear a still stronger analysis. In four of his races he had to run four heats,
sixteen miles in all, making sixty-four miles in all ; and in five others he had to
run three heats, making a total of sixty miles, so that he had to go one hundred and
twenty-four miles, to win nine races. Nor was Boston alone in this great quality of
endurance. Long before the great Boston was foa.Ied, Black Maria had won a four-
mile heat race in which she and Lady Relief ran twenty miles (five heats) before the
race could be decided. And after Boston's retirement, Charmer (by Glencoe) gal-
loped over for a fifth heat, nothing starting against her. So if any one tells you that
there has been 'but one twenty-mile race run, bet them all you can lift. For while
Charmer won the fourth heat, making sixteen miles, that did not decide the race and
she was obliged to strip for another heat. The mere fact that no other horse started
against her in the fifth heat, would not invalidate the bet.

There are no Bostons nor Charmers nowadays. We have, in their stead, a
growth of big and heavy horses bred solely for speed and not expected to go a dis-
tance. If men would only start their undersized two-year-olds and keep the big fel-
lows over till the next year, the racing of these youngsters would be less reprehensible.
I don't care how many six-furlong races they run at Oakland, Ingleside or /^.scot Park,
with old and worn-out geldings that ought to be hauling laundry wagons! and bread
carts; nor do I care how many job races are pulled off by these old skates, in the in-
terest of a class of men who, when they lie down in an Oakland or Ascot stall, find
themselves in the cleanest rooms they ever occupied in their whole lives. But I do

206 The American thoroughbred

utter my feeble protest against taking up big two-year-olds and racing them in January
and February, as is being done here in California. I can now see no real good in it
and I hope I never shall.

Go over to Australia and you find that Grand Flaneur was never beaten but you
are also informed that he was not trained at two years old. Then take Chester, by the
same sire. He started 41 times, won 19 and was only four times outside the money.
He started three times at two years old, winning twice. Then take Melos, who won
the Sydney Derby and the Champion race of 1900. He was not trained at two. In
a race of one mile, either Carbine or Abercorn could beat him six lengths, but at three
miles he could bring either of them to the whip. Melos was not trained at two,
Carbine started four times and Abercorn five times, at that age. The day that Bravo
(by Grand Flaneur) won the Melbourne Cup I was coming down the stairs after the
race and two old gentlemen were talking about it, behind me. One of them said :
"Bravo's a good 'orse, especially when you consider 'ow 'ard he was raced at two
years."

"Pardon the interruption," I asked, "but how often did they start him?"

"Eight times, sir."

"They wouldn't think much of that in America," I said. "Why I know of lots of
horses that have started twenty times and I know of one named Woodcutter that raced
forty-two times, last year."

"Well, I don't like to be rude to Americans," said the elderly gentleman, "but I
must say you don't deserve to have a good horse in the whole of your blasted coun-
try."

So far from getting angry at him I shook his hand warmly and told him he was
a man ;after my own heart. They have but one big two-year-old event in all the brdad
expanse of that country — the Maribyrnong Plate. It has been run since 1868 and
Newminster (by the Marquis) is the only winner of it that ever achieved any subse-
quent greatness.

What I want to see is an act of the legislature to prevent any and all racing of two-
year-olds in any one year, before the first day of June. After that make it with dis-
tances as follows :

June 4^2 furlongs October 7 furlongs

July 5 furlongs November 7^2 furlongs

August 6 furlongs December i mile

September 6^2 furlongs

Provided that each track must give at least one race in each week at the distance
above named and but one at the June or July distance in each month. In this way
the crowding of big colts during the early spring may be easily avoided. In this mat-
ter I am disputed by Mr. James W. Brooks, manager of the Ascot Park track, who
says :

"You talk about two-year-olds being injured by early racing on public tracks for
money. I tell you it is the least of two evils. Have them barred from racing during
the fore part of the season and their owners will be racing them at home on bad tracks,
with riders who cannot ride a little bit and with from ten to fifteen pounds more weight
than they would carry on 'i regular race track. Every man that breeds horses likes
to see them run ; and if he cannot race them at the public tracks for money, he will race
them at home and for fun."

There is a great deal of truth in what Mr. Brooks says, and I admit that it is a
question to which there are plainly two sides. At the same time I could wish that
some man bad ingenuity enough to devise some way in which this cruel using-up of
good colts and fillies could be averted. Australia has the right way of handling this

'Two-Tear-Old Racing 207

vexatious proposition. She gives rich handicaps for horses of mature age and almost
nothing for two-year-olds, in consequence many of their best youngsters are barely
broken to ride at that age and frequently not trained until the fall they are three. Panic
was imported from England as a yearling and never was trained till he was six, when
he went out and won the Champion Race, three miles, with 134 pounds on him. How
many Americans would wait that long to get their money back out of a horse? In the
big two-year-old events of America, such as the Futurity and Matron Stakes, there is a
pandering to the rich man's greed, always greed and nothing else but greed.

Thus I close the editorial portion of this book. It has been, including the pre-
paratory labor essential to its issuance, the work of four long years ; and it is reserved
for the breeders of America, as well as those who race for sentiment and for the repu-
tation of their stock, to say whether I have made a signal success of it or an ignominious
failure. I therefore lay down my pen, fully content to leave the work to the verdict
of the people. My experience of seventy years in this breathing world has taught me
that the people are always honest, generally right and never unpopular.

THOS. B. MERRY.

Los Angeles, November 15th, 1904. •

The Breeders' Handbook

Some Representative American

Stallions

Explanation of Reference Marks used in Pedigrees:

*Won the Derby; fwon the St. Leger; Jwon the 2000; A, won the
Ascot Cup; C, won the Chester Cup; D, won the Doncaster Cup; G, won
the Goodwood Cup; Ces., won the Cesarewitch Handicap; Q, won 'the
Queen's Vase.

212 'The American 'Thoroughbred

IMPORTED SAIN

Better than Third in Eight Races at Ttc-o Years Old, and a thoroughly tried sire.
Property of B. Schnciber, Bridgcton, Mo.

Sain i$ a great racehorse, better than his public record would at first indicate. He
started at^two years old, on the Montana tracks, in eight races, winning twice, and sec-
ond in the other six, being twice beaten by May W., the fastest sprinter of her day He
ran second to her at four furlongs in .4914, Sally Sensible third and John Tyler fourth
Second again to May W. at five furlongs in I :02, Notice third and Senator Dubois
fourth. Won at a half-mile in 48^ seconds, beating Paul Jones, Shot Silk, Pat Mor-
rissey, Memento and Cyrus King. Ran second to Gold Bug (aged), Tampa third at
six furlongs in i :i$y4 with Pic Nic and Linville unplaced. Ran second to Jim Black-
burn at 5 furlongs in i :O2, with Paul Jones third and Blue Sign fourth. Ran second
to Baby Ruth, six furlongs, in I :i4^, beating Model, March and Sunrise. Ran second
to Montana (aged), 105 pounds, beating Billy McCloskey, Encino, Flashlight and
Model, one mile in I :44^. Won at six furlongs in I :i5^4, beating Bill Howard, Gold
Bug, Jim Bozeman and Encino.

At three years old he raced at the Ingleside track, San Francisco, against the very
best horses in California. In all of his eleven races run in 1897 he never but once
started on a good track. That was in his first attempt, that year, in which he started
in a field of ten, of which there were four of his own age and he gave from five to ten
pounds to each of them, finishing outside the money, the race .being won by Sport Mc-
Allister. Ran third to Osric and Orrezo, with six others unplaced, seven furlongs in
i :28^4- Ran unplaced in a field of fourteen, at six furlongs, conceding eleven pounds
to first and third and fourteen to second horse. Time 1 115. Ran last at one mile
to Buckwa, Wheel of Fortune and Greyhurst (conceding 3 pounds to the latter), one
mile in i :42 on a fairly good track. Ran eighth in a field of eleven, Last Chance
first, Japanese second, Examiner third, conceding 18 pounds to the winner and 12
pounds to second. One mile in i -.44^, track slow. Ran second to Suisun, giving her
ten pounds, with six others behind him, seven furlongs in i :34^2- Won at one mile in
i :45^2 on a slow track with 96^ pounds, giving weight to eight others. Won at a
mile and a quarter in 2:13, on a heavy track, beating Greyhurst, Lincoln and two
others at 15 to i. Ran second to Geyser (the fastest horse in California the next year)
at a mile in i :45^4, giving weight to all but Geyser. Was three lengths ahead of
the third horse, conceding five pounds. Ran third to Ostler Joe and The Bachelor,
beating Morte Fonso and conceding weight to everything in the race. Time, 2:13, track
fetlock deep. Ran second to Arrezo, 115 on each, beating Sweet William, Morena and
Lady Hurst, seven furlongs in i :33. This was Sam's last race and he was shortly
afterwards sold to Mr. Schreiber, who placed him at the head of his Woodland Stud,
near Bridgeton, Mo., where he has acquitted himself most creditably and proved him-
self the best horse in America from the male-line of Blacklock, which is now at the
head of the English turf through Galopin and St. Simon. Imported Sain is already,
though quite a young horse, the sire of such well known winners as Otis (St. Louis
Derby,) Satchel, Prinkerton, Hersain, Schwalbe, Schwarzwald, Tom Shelly, Angleta,
Buchanan, Deutschland, Dorice, Geheimniss, Mildred B, Mindora, Otto Stifel, Picquart,
all performers of well recognized merit.

Really, the best descendant of the great St. Simon, now to be found in America,
is imported Sain, whose pedigree is to be found in the after part of this book. Sain
is by St. Serf, who was a good horse, both on the turf and in the stud, but has never
yet reached the figures attained by Persimmon and St. Frusquin, several years his
junior. Sain is a No. 3 horse and goes back to the dam of the two True Blues through
Quiver, dam of those two marvelous filles, La Fleche and Memoir, both of which won
the Oaks and St. Leger, being the only two full sisters to win both those events.
Then they run back to Brown Bess, second dam of the great Musket ; and still further
back to the Gohanna mare which produced Tramp, the only stallion that could be
properly called a rival to Whalebone. Couple this with the fact that Satchel, who
is Sain's second dam, is by Galopin, a No. 3 horse also, and it becomes almost im-
possible for any fair-minded student of breeding to imagine how any horse could be
better bred than Sain.

• Sain, like Maxnic, comes from the great No. 3 family from which came Sir Peter,

OMIIN, imr., ta. n., io»t. vo;

BRED IN ENGLAND AND FOALED. THE PROPERTY OF MARCUS DALY, OF MONTANA, U. S. A. \

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Woodbine, Thormanbv. *A (4) St. Angela, Galopin (3)
br. m., 1860 ch. h., 1857 b. m., 1865 b. h., 1872*

(19)
Vedette,
br. h.,

\ uni&uur f ui. n. u&47, uy \oitaire u i»2t> — Martha Lynn 1837, b. m.
by Mulatto D — Leda by Filho da Puta i8i2tD — Treasure by Camillus
Hyacinthus mare — Flora by King Fergus.
Mrs. Ridgeway by Birdcatclier (1833, son of Sir Hercules 1826) — Nan
Darrell by Inheritor (son of Lottery D 1820) — Nell by Blacklock 1814 —
Madam Vestris by Comus.

Flying
Duchess,
b. m., 1853

Flying Dutchmant* br. h. 1846, by Bay Middleton* 1833 (son of Sultan)
Barbelle 1836 by Sandbeck (son of Catton D, 1809) — Darioletta by
Amadis (Don Quixote).
Merope, b. m. 1841, by Voltaire (above) — Velocipedes dam by Juniper —
Daughter of Sorcerer — Virgin by Sir Peter 1748 — Daughter 1794 of
Pot-8-os 1773.

(3)

King Tom,
b. h., 1851

Harkaway, ch. h. 1834 by Economist 1825— Fanny Dawson 1823 by Nal>
ocklish 1811 — Miss Tooley 1808 by Teddy the Grinder 1798 — Lady Jane
1796 by Sir Peter (above).
Pocahontas, b. m. 1837 by Glencoe A 1831 — Marpessa 1830 by Muley 1810
— Clare by Marmion 1806 — Harpalice 1814 by Gohanna 1790 — Amazon
1799 by Driver 1783.

Adeline,
b. m., 1851

ion, br. h. 1835 by Cain 1822 — Margaret by Edmund son of Orville—
Medora (Oaks 1814 by Selim — Daughter of Sir Harry*. , Ion ran second
in both Derby and St. Leger.
Little Fairy (b. m. 1842 by Hornsea, Goodwood cup 1836 — Lacerta b. m.
1816 and dam of Little Wonder,* and of The Little Known) by Zodiac,
son of St. George.

(3)

Windhound,
br. h., 1847

Pantaloon, ch. h. 1824, sire of one winner each of St. Leger and Oaks,
by Castrel 1801 — Idalia by Peruvian (Sir Peter) — Musidora, sister to
Meteora, Oaks 1805) by Meteor, son of Eclipse.

Phryne b. m. 1840, by Touchstonet A. D. 1831 (Camel 1822) — Decoy by
Filho da Puta |D — Finesse by Peruvian.

Alice
Hawthorn,
b. m., 1838

Muley Moloch, br. h. 1830 by Muley 1810 — Nancy (dam of Brittania,
imported to the U. S. A.) by Dick Andrews — Spitfire by Beningbrought,
son of King Fergus.
Rebecca by Lottery D 1820 — Daughter of Cervantes (Don Quixote — Eve-
lina) — Anticipation by Beningbrough 1791 — Expectation by Herod 1738 —
Rebecca also produced Annandale and The Provost.

(3)

Stockwell
ch. h., 1849

ihe Baron, ch. h. 1842, winner of the St. Leger and Cesarewitch by Bird-
catcher 1833 — Echidna by Economist 1825 — Miss Pratt by Blacklock — •
Gadabout by Orville 1799.
Pocahontas (dam of Rataplan and King Tom and second darn^ of Rayon
d'Or, St. Leger 1879, by Glencoe (2000 gs. and Goodwood Cup 1834 —
Marpessa (dam of Idas) by Muley.

Honeysuckle
br. m., 1851

i'ouchstone, br. h. 1831 (sire of 2 winners each Derby and St. Leger and
4 of the 2000 guineas) by Camel (br. h. 1822 — sire of Launcelot, St.
Leger 1840) son of Whalebone* — Banter.
Beeswing, b. m. 1833 (winner of 52 races out of 63, including 4 Doncaster
Cups and 9 Queen's Plates, 2% miles to 3 miles) by Dr. Syntax — Tom-
boys I) dam by Ardrossan.

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W. Austr'n,
b. h. i8so*t

Melbourne br. h. 1814 (winner of Palatine Plate at Chester 1839) by Hum-
phrey Clinker, b. h. 1822 — Morpeth's dam by Cervantes (got Neva., Oaks
1817) Golumpus mare.
VIowerina b. m. 1843 (sister to Cotherstone*) by Touchstone — Emma (dam
of Mundig*) by Whisker* 1812 — Gibside Fairy by Hermes, son of
Mercury.

Darling's
Dam,
b. m., 1850

Birdcatcher ch. h. 1833 (brother to Faugh-a-Ballaght Ces) by Sir Hercules
1826 — Guiccioli 1823 by Bob Booty 1804 — Flight by Escape, brother to
Rugantino.
Daughter of b. m. 1845. Hetman Platoff 1836 (sire of Cossack, Derby 1847)
he by Brutandorf C 1821 — Whim (dam of Chanticleer D. C. 1843) —
Irish Drone (Mast Robert.)

(22)

Belladrum,
b. h., 1860

Stockwellt, ch. h. 1849, (only horse to get 6 St. Leger winners) by The
Baron* 1842 — Pocahontas 1837, by Glencoe G. A. — Marpessa 1830, by
Muley 1810 — Clare by Marmion — Harpalice.
Catherine Haves, Oaks 1853, by Lanercost A. 1836 — Constance by Partisan
1811 — Quadrille by Selim 1802 — Canary Bird, sth dam of St. Blaise*, by
Sorcerer.

Bon Accord,
b. m., 1867

Adventurer, b. h. 1859, by Newminster (sire of 3 Premier Stallions) —
Palma by Emilius* 1820 — Francesca (Champagne Stakes) by Partisan,
son of Walton, 1790.
Darling's dam (above) by Birdcatcher (sire of one Derby, one Oaks and
three St. Leger winners) — Daughter of Hetman Platoff — (4th dam of
Imp. St. George — Whim by Drone — Kiss by Waxy Pope.

d9)
Vedette,
br. h..

Voltigeur*t br. h. 1847 (only horse to get 4 winners of the Great York-
shire Stakes and 3 of the Doncaster Cup) by Voltaire D — Martha Lynn
(2d dam of Imperieuset) by Mulatto — Leda.
Mrs. Ridgeway ro. m. 1840, by Birdcatcher ch. h. 1833 (sire of Daniel
O'Rourke*) — Nan Darrell by Inheritor, son of Lottery D 1820 — Nell 'iy
Blacklock 1814.

Flying
Duchess,
b. m., 1853

Flying Dutchman*t br. h. 1849 (4 times second on list of winning sires)
by Bay Middleton*t (sire of 2 Derby winners) — Barbelle (dam of Van
Trompt G) by Sandbeck.
Merope, b. m. 1841 (3rd dam of Eothen, sire of Requital and Ethelbert,
winners of the Realization) by Voltaire — Velocipede's dam by Juniper —
Sorcerer mare.

Toxophilite,
b. h., 1855

Longbow, b. h. 1849, (sire of the Oaks winner Feu de Joie) by Ithuriel
(son of Touchstonet A. D.) — Miss Bowe, dam of Iris, Oaks 1851, by
Catton — Tranby's dam by Orville.
Legerdemain, b. m. 1846, winner of Cesarewitch and Manchester Cup)
by Pantaloon 1824 — Decoy (dam of Flatcatcher and Phryne) by Filho
da Putat D — Finesse by Peruvian, 1806.

Daughter of
b. m., 1861

Young Melbourne, br. h. 1855 (sire of General Peel D and The Earl,
Grand Prix de Paris) by Melbourne — Clarissa by Pantaloon 1824 —
Daughter of Glencoe 1831 — Frolicsome by Frolic.
Brown Bess, br. m. 1844 (2d dam of the great stallion Musket, in Aus-
tralia) by Camel — Daughter of Brutandorf — Mrs. Cruikshank by Wel-
. beck — Tramp's dam.

American Thoroughbred

IMPORTED SAIN— Continued

Stockwell, Rataplan, King Tom and Galopin.. Some idea of what the No. 3 horses
achieved in the stud may be gathered from this table :

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No. 3 STALLIONS.

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King Tom 1851

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Tramp 1810

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Flying Dutchman 1846

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Lanercost 1836

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Musket 1868

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Galopin, 1872

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Sir Peter 1784

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Velocipede 1825

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Justice 1774 .

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94

GOLDEN MAXIM

A Stake Winner and Second in the Great Realisation at Coney Island. The property
H. T. Oxnard, Esq., California.

This horse is probably the best of the get of that excellent stallion, Golden Garter,
a half-brother to Sanfoin, the Derby winner of 1890, who is now also famous as the
sire of Rock Sand. The latter won the "Triple Crown" of 1903, and contrary to the
expectations of many of the best judges in England, proved himself a good deal the
best horse in the all-aged division of 1904, as he placed Sanfoin second on the list of
winning sires for the year just closed.

GOLDEN MAXIM'S dam. as might be inferred from his name, is by the Australian-
bred horse Maxim, son of the great Musket, who headed the list of winning sires in
that country for four seasons. Carbine was Musket's best turf horse and Trenton his
best son as a sire. Maxim was destined to split the pair, being a better racehorse than
Trenton and getting a much sounder type of horses than did Carbine. His racing
career began at two years old, when he hooked up with no less a horse than the re-
doubtable Abercorn, who is believed to be the best horse ever foaled on the great South
Continent. He was beaten a nose, with five of the "cracks" behind him. His other
races were of no great note till he met Nelson, a winner of 17 cups in New Zealand.
The latter was a hot favorite, but Maxim stood him on his head before they had gone
a mile ; and in the remaining ten furlongs he simply cantered through and won txy
forty lengths, pulling up. He made two seasons in New Zealand and was then im-
ported by Mr. J. B. Haggin at a cost exceeding $20,000.

Golden Maxim is a representative of the No. 11 family, which now ranks second
on the list of sire-producing families. In England it shows St. Simon, the greatest
sire of the last thirty-five years ; Birdcatcher, who divided popular favor with Touch-
stone from 1840 to 1860; Faugh-a-Ballagh, sire of the wonderful Leamington; Orme,
sire of the great Flying Fox, winner of the "Triple Crown" and premier sire of France
for 1904 ; Venison, whose get were unsurpassed for gameness ; and Golumpus and his
brother Hedley, both sires of classic winners. In America we find, as members of
this family, imported Belshazzar ; Australian, who got seven high-rate sires ; Ben Ali,
sire of the great Geyser; and among newer importations such fine young stallions as
Arkle, Order, Shapfell, Torso and others.

GOLDEN MAXIM, B. H., 19CO. i

BRED BY AIR. J. B. HAGCIN, RANCHO DHL PASO. CALIFORNIA.

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Stockwell,
ch. h., 1849

1110 JSaron, en. h. 1842, by Birdcatcher — Echidna (dam of Marchioness
d'Eu) by Economist (sire of Harkaway) — Miss Pratt by Blacklock —
Gadabout by Orville.
Pocahontas by Glencoe — Marpessa by Muley — Clare by Marmion — Harp-
alice by Gohanna (sire ot 2 Derby winners) — Amazon (7th dam of
Isinglass) by Driver — (Trentham).

Marigold,
b. m., 1860

leddington, ch. h. 1848 by Orlando (Derby 1841) Miss Twickenham by
Rockingham (St. Leger 1833) — Electress (4th dam of Gang Forward)
by Election (Derby of 1806).
Sister to Singapore by Ratan, best 2-year-old 1843 — Daughter 1844 of Mel-
bourne— Lisbeth by Phantom, Derby 1811 — Elizabeth by Rainbow 1808 — •
Belvoirina by Stamford.

(4)

Thormanby,
ch. h., 1857

\v mdhound, br. h. 1847 by Pantaloon — Phryne br. m. 1840 by Touch-
stone — Decoy b. m. 1830 by Filho da Puta (St. Leger 1815) — Finesse
by Peruvian — Violante by John Bull (Derby).
Alice Hawthorn b. m. 1838 by Muley Moloch 1830 — Rebecca (dam of Annan-
dale and the Provost) by Lottery — Cervantes mare — Anticipation by
Beningbrough 1791.

Ellen Home
b. m., 1844

.vLdsliank by bandbeck, son of Catton (Doncaster Cup 1815) — Johanna
by Selim (sire of i Derby and 2 Oaks winners) — Daughter of Sky-
scraper — Dragon mare — Fidget's dam.
Delhi bl. m. by Plenipotentiary (Derby 1824) Pawn Jr. by Waxy (Derby
'793) — Pawn (sister to Penelope) by Trumpator — Prunella by High-
flyer — Promise by Snap.

(2)
Lord
Clifden,
b. h., 1860

Aewmmster b. h. 1848 (sire of 2 Derby winners) by Touchstone — Bees-
wing (winner of 52 races out of 63) by Dr. Syntax-Tomboy's dam oy
Ardrossan — Lady Eliza by Whitworth.
'ihe Slave, b. m. 1852 by Melbourne — Volley (sister to Voltigeur) by Vol-
taire — Martha Lynn by Mulatto — Leda by Filho da Puta — Treasure by
Camillus — Hyacinthus mare.

Mineral,
ch. m., 1863

Rataplan ch. h. 1850 (winner of 42 races out of 71) by The Baron (St.
Leger 1845) — Pocahontas by Glencoe — Marpessa (dam of Idas, 2000 gs.
1845) by Muley — Clare by Marmion.
Manganese, ch. m. 1853, by Birdcatcher 1833 — Moonbeam (dam of Loup
Garou) by Tomboy 1829 — Lunatic 1818 by Prime Minister 1810—
Maniac by Shuttle — Anticipation.

(3)

Stockwell.
ch. h., 1849

ihe Baron (sire of the great French mare La Toucques) by Birdcatcher —
Echidna 1838 by Economist 1825 — Miss Pratt by Blacklock — Gadabout by
Orville.
Pocahontas (dam of Rataplan, above) by Glencoe — Marpessa by Muley
1810 — Clare by Marmion, son of Whiskey — Harpalice by Gohanna, only
horse to beat Waxy.

Lady
Evelyn,
b. m., 1846

Don John b. h. 1835 (winner of St. Leger and Doncaster Cup) by Waverly
— Hetman Platoff's dam by Comus — Marciana by Stamford — Marcia 1797
by Coriander (Pot-8-os).
Industry by Priam (Derby 1830 and 2 Goodwood Cups) — Arachne (sistei
to Leda, above) by Filho da Puta, St. Leger 1815 — Treasure by Camil-
lus — Hyacinthus mare.

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(3)

Tdxophilite,
b. h., 1855

..ongbow b. h. 1849, by Ithuriel — Miss Bowe by Catton (Doncaster Cup
1815) Tranby's dam by Orville — Miss Grimston by Weazel — Ancaster
mare,
^egerdermain (Cesarewith and Chester Cup 1849) by Pantaloon — Decoy
by Filho da Puta — Finesse by Peruvian — Violante 1802 by John Bull
1789 (Fortitude).

Daughter of
b. m., 1857

West Australian (Derby, St. Leger and 2000 guineas 1853) by Melbourne
1834 — Mowerina (sister to Cotherstone by Touchstone — Emma (dam of 2
Derby winners) by Whisker, Derby 1815.
!!rown Bess, br. m. 1844 (4th dam of Memoir and La Fleche) by Camel —
daughter of 1829 Brutandorf — Mrs. Cruikshanks by Welbeck — Tramp's
dam by Gohanna.

(19)

Vespasian,
b. h., 1863

Newminster (above) by Touchstone — Beeswing (dam of Nunnykirk, 2000
gs, 1849) by Doctor Syntax 1811 — Tomboy's (Doncaster Cup) by Ar-
drossan — Lady Eliza by Whitworth.
Vesta, ch. m. 1857 (dam of Sabinus who won the City and Suburban,
Great Metropolitan and Ascot Cup at 3 yrs. old) by Stockwell — Garland
by Langar — Cast Steel by' Whisker.

Hopeful
Duchess,
br. m., 1859

1- lying Dutchman br. h. 1846 (winner of Derby, St. Leger and Ascot Cup)
by Bay Middleton, Derby 1836 — Barbelle (dam of Van Tromp, St.
Leger 1847 — by Sandbeck — Darioletta 1822 by Amadis 1807.
Tispoir (dam of Ethelbert, Suburban of 1852) by Liverpool — Esperance by
Lapdog (Derby 1829) — Grisette by Merlin — Coquette by Dick Andrews
1797, sire of Tramp.

(12)

Vandal,
b. h., 1850

jlencoe ch. h. 1831 by hultan 1816 — Trampoline by Tramp — Web by
Waxy — Penelope by Trumpator — Prunella by Highflyer — Promise.

Alaric's dam (also 2nd dam of the great broodmare Levity) by imported
Tranby — Lucilla by Trumpator — Lucy (dam of Blacknose) by Orphan
— Lady Grey.

Hymenia,

b. m., 1851

Yorkshire, imp. b. h. 1834 by St. Nicholas (son of Emilius) — Miss Rose
by Tramp — Sancho mare 1810 — Blacklock's dam 1799, also dam of
Theodore, St. Leger 1822.
Little Peggy, ch. m. 1847 by Cripple (son of Medoc) — Peggy Stewart by
Cook's Whip — Mary Bedford 1816 by Duke of Bedford — Speculator
mare 1813 — Dare Devil mare 1806.

(12)

Lexington,
b. h., 1850

Boston ch. h. 1833 (won 40 races out of 45) by Timoleon 1813 — Sister to
Tuckahoe by Ball's Florizel — Daughter of Imp. Alderman — Daughter of
Imp. Clockfast 1774-
Mice Carneal, br. m. 1836 by imp. Sarpedon (winner of the Fitzwilham
stakes and 2nd to Priam in the Goodwood Cup) — Rowena by Sumpter —
Lady Grey by Robin Grey.

Emilia*,
b. m., 1840

V'oung Emilius c. h. 1833 by Emilius (Derby of 1823 — Shoveler (Oaks of
1819) by Scud (sire of two Derby winners) Goosander by Hamble-
tonian (St. Leger) Rally 1790.
Persian, b. m. 1829 by Whisker (Derby 1815) — Variety by Soothsayer (St.
Leger 1811) Sprite by Bobtail — Catherine 1795 by Woodpecker — Camilla
1778 by Trentham.

216 The American Thoroughbred

o

PATROCLUS

Bay horse, foaled 1895. Bred by the Estate of David D. Withers. The property of
Dr. Bryan Obear, St. Louis Mo.

PATROCLUS is a rich mahogany bay, with black points, a small white star in his
forehead, a little white on the coronet of his left fore-foot, a black spot in front of his
left hip bone. Height 64^2° inches, weight 1165 pounds, girth 74^ inches, measures
8^4 inches below the knee, flat bone, stands true on his legs, best of feet, which are a
little underneath him, and he is perfect in action. His temper is superb. His eyes are
large and expressive. Head and ear neat, with neck set into oblique stout shoulders,
back short and arched over loins, beautiful quarters, large without lumber and high
on the crupper. He favors in general appearance his great grand sire, Boston, to
whom many assert he bears a striking likeness, except color.

Owing to sickness and many accidents, Patroclus won only two races, one as a
two-year-old, at Kinloch Park, $l/2 furlongs, Oct. 12, 1900, beating a field of ten
horses, 103 Ibs. up, in i :o8y2. Handicap, i 1-16 m., Oct. 29, 1901, 98 Ibs. up, in i '.tfl/4,
beating a field of seven horses. He was caught in a railroad wreck on the Illinois
Central Railroad at Makanda, Ills., May 3, 1902, in which he had his shoulder dis-
located and bruised, two ribs broken and was badly scarred up. At. Kinlock Park,
Oct. 25, 1903, in a private trial he worked i m. in i :38 with 125 Ibs up. At New
Orleans, Nov. 3, 1903, he picked up a nail and had to be thrown out of training.

In a letter dated April 2, 1901, Mr. Joseph Osborne (Beacon), the British turf
authority, says :

"I think the breeding of Patroclus so choice and so palpably so, that you ought
by all means to preserve him for the stud, selecting mares only that are suitable for
him, for from the grand blood there is in him on both sides of the house, he is bound to
make a valuable sire.

In closely examining the blood of Patroclus, you can see he is inbred to Glencoe,
that great sire appearing twice in Uncas through his dam, Coral, who was gotten by
a son of Glencoe, whose grand-dam, Glencairn, was Glencoe's full sister, while Cadence,
the dam of Patroclus is directly descended from Pocahontas, the greatest brood mare
of all time by Glencoe. And then you cannot help noticing that both Uncas and
Cadence have each similar blood in them besides, viz. : Touchstone, and further back.
Camel, Catton, Blacklock, Whisker, Whalebone, Waxy, Orville, Pot-8-os, all great per-
formers on the turf, and sires of world wide fame.

Patroclus is thus inbred in the right way, i. e., through both sire and dam, com-
ing down through the most famous horses known to the world, while he has mixed
in him the blood of many other great horses, such as Diomed, and his great grandson
Lexington, inbred to Diomed through his celebrated son, Sir Archy, Slane, Gladiator.
Pantaloon, Sir Hercules, Voltaire, Birdcatcher, Bob Booty, Margrave and Drone, etc..
etc. Surely, being so bred, if Patroclus fails to get first-class race horses, it will be
strange and unaccountable.

It is only a question of time until the thoroughbred breeders of Great Britain and
the world will be compelled to go to Matchem or Herod line horses for sires, and in
my humble opinion Herod is the preferable line with which to cross inbred Eclipse
mares. France has a number of Herod line horses through Glaucus, and America
through Glencoe and Lexington. The latter is much tabooed at the present time in
tail-male, but I believe his son's failure due only to lack of access to the proper
blood."

Uncas was one of the last and among the best sons of Lexington, a grand race
horse, and at the stud produced Laggard, a first-class race horse ; Dunboyne, a high
class horse ; the stake winners, Cascade, McCarthy, St. Michael, Copyright, Helen
Block, Oneko, Cassette and Pactolus, full brother to Patroclus, Frank Harris, En-
chantor, Umbrella, Post Haste, The Knicknack filly and a large number of others.

Cadence, his dam, produced Trill, Cascade, Orator, Jack McDonald and Pactolus.
Cascade was a stake winner, and produced Lizzie T. (stake winner) and Cataract.
Trill produced Melba (dam of Stalwart, winner $58,000 in 1904), Trillion (stake win-
ner), Trillette, Quaver, Royal Salute, Musette and Triolet.

Second dam, Castagnette, produced Casino (a sire), Maroon, Druidess, Roby,

PATROCLUS, (3), B. H., 1898 I
BRED IN BROOKDALB STUD, RED BANK, N. J. 1

UNCAS. (l) 1

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I*Cairngorme Vandal Alice Carneal Boston
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Timoleon*

sir Archy, b. h. 1805, by imp. Diomed, (first winner of the Derby) — im-
ported Castianira by Rockingham, (son of Highflyer) Tabitha by Trent-
ham.
Daughter of imp. Saltram, (Derby winner in 1783) he by Eclipse out of
Virago by Snap — daughter of Symmes' Wildair.

Sister to
Tuckahoe

Ball's Florizel ch. h. 1802, (never beaten) son of imported Diomed, Derby
of 1780, out of a mare by imported Shark.

Daughter of imported Alderman, (son of Pot-8-os, sire of Waxy) — daughter
of imported Clockfast, son of Gimcrack — sire of Medley.

*Sar-
pedon

Emilius, b. h. 1820, (winner of the Derby in 1823,) by Orville, (St. Leger
1802) — Emily by Stamford, son of Sir Peter — daughter of Whisky.
Icaria by The Flyer, (sire of Wings, Oaks of 1825) — Parma by Dick
Andrews — May by Beningbrough, St. Leger winner of 1794 and sire of
Orville.

Rowena

bumpier b. h. 1818, by Sir Archy, out of the dam of Flirtilla and Thorn-
ton's Rattler by imported Robin Red Breast. Flirtilla beat Ariel at a
$10,000.00 match on Long Island.
Lady Grey, (fourth dam of Vandal) by Robin Grey, son of imported
Royalist, he by Saltram — out of Maria by Melzar, son of imported
Medley.

*Glencoe
(O

Sultan b. h. 1816, by Selim, out of Bacchante by Williamson's Ditto,
(Derby winner of 1803) from Sister to Calomel by Mercury, winner of
26 races.
Trampoline, (half-sister to Middleton, Derby winner of 1825) — by Tramp —
Web (sister to Vv halebone and Whisker) by Waxy, Derby 1793 — Pene-
lope by Trumpator.

Alaric's
dam

Tranby, br. h. 1826, by Blacklock (second in St. Leger 1817) — Miss Bowes'
dam by Orville — Miss Grimstone 1796 by Weazle — daughter of Ancaster
1768.
Lucilla, by Davenport's Trumpator — Lucy 1821 by Orphan 1810, (son of
Ball's Florizel, above) — Lady Grey, (third dam of Lexington) by Robin
Grey — Maria by Melzar.

Cother-
stone
(7)

Touchstone br. h. 1831, by Camel, sire of Launcelot, St. Leger of 1840 — •
Banter 1823 by Master Henry, son of Orville — Boadicea by Alexander —
Brunette by Amaranthus.
Emma, (dam of two Derby winners, 1835 and 1843) by Whisker (Derby
1815) — Gibside Fairy by Hermes, son of Mercury — Vicissitude by Pipator
— Beatrice by Sir Peter.

Glenluce

Slane, b. h. 1833, by Royal Oak (second best sire sent to France) —
daughter of Orville 1799 — Epsom Lass (sister to Comus's dam) by Sir
Peter — Alexina by King Fergus.
Glencairne (own sister to Glencoe), by Sultan — Trampoline 1825 by Tramp
—Web, dam of Middleton, Derby 1825) by Waxy — Penelope by Trum-
pator.

CADENCE. (3) ,

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meat
(21)

oiadiator, en. h. 1833, (ran second in the Derby, his only race), by Parti-
san, 1811 — Pauline by Moses (Derby 1822) — Quadrille by Selim — Canary
Bird 1806 by Sorcerer.
Lollyop, 1836, by Voltaire (Doncaster Cup and second in St. Leger) —
Belinda 1825 by Blacklock 1814 — Wagtail 1818 by Prime Minister, he by
Sancho, St. Leger 1804.

Jocose

Pantaloon, ch. h. 1824, by Castrel, 1801 — Idalia( fourth dam of Sir Mo-
dred) by Peruvian — Musidora, (sister to Meteora, Oaks of 1805) — by
Meteor— Maid of All Work.
Banter, dam of Touchstone and Launcelot, both St. Leger winners), by
Master Henry — Boadicea, (fifth dam of Leamington) by Alexander —
Brunette by Amaranthus.

Chanti-
cleer
(23)

Birdcatcher ch. h. 1833, (sire of one Derby and three St. Leger winners)
by Sir Hercules — Guiccioli by Bob Booty — Flight by Escape — Young
Heroine by Bagot — Heroine by Hero.
Whim, by Irish Drone (brother to Skeleton) — Kiss by Waxy Pope (Derby
of 1809) — Daughter of Champion, (Derby and St. Leger of 1800)- — •
Brown Fanny, 1799 by Maximum 1785.

Mrs.

Carter

Humphrey, br. h. 1835, by Sandbeck, (son of Catton, Doncaster Cup 1815)
— Oceana by Cerberus — Doctor Syntax's (sire of Beeswing) dam by
Beningbrough, St. Leger 1794 — Jenny Mole.
Daughter of Margrave (St. Leger 1832, he by Muley 1810) — Elastic's dam
by Thunderbolt, (brother to Smolensko, Derby 1813) — Daughter of
Sancho 1801 — Miss Teazle by Sir Peter.

Orlando
(13)

Touchstone, (St. Leger 1834 and 2 Ascot Cups) by Camel — Banter (second
dam of Macaroni and Satirist) by Master Henry — Boadicea, (fifth dam
of Darebin) by Alexander.
Vulture ch. m. 1833, by Langar, son of Selim — Kite, (third dam of Beads-
man, by Bustard — Olymp'a, (dam of Elis, St. Leger 1836) by Sir Oliver
— Scotilla by Anvil.

Malibran

Whisker, b. h. 1812, by Waxy, (Derby of 1793) — Penelope (dam of Whale-
bone) by Trumpator — Prunella by Highflyer, (sire of Sir Peter) —
Promise by Snap — Julia by Blank.
Garcia by Octavian, (St. Leger 1810 and sire of Antonio' St. Leger 1819)
he by Stripling — daughter of Shuttle, son of Young Marske — Katherine
by Delpini 1781.

Volti
geur*f
(2)

Voltaire br. h. 1826, (sire of Voltigeur, Derby and St. Leger 1850,) by
Blacklock 1814 — Variella's dam by Phantom, (Derby 181 1)— daughter of
Overton 1708 — Walnut mare.
Martha Lynn br. m. 1837, (second dam of Imperieuse, St. Leger 1857, by
Mulatto, sire of Bloomsbury, Derby 1839 — Leda, by Filho da Puta (St.
Leger 1815) — Treasure 1809.

Ayacanora

Birdcatcher ch. h. 1833, (brother to Faugh-a-Ballagh, St. Leger 1844) by
Sir Hercules — Guiccioli by Bob Booty — Flight by Escape, brother to
Rugantino. (See Harkaway.)
Pocahontas, b. m. 1837, (dam of Stockwell, King Tom and Rataplan) by
Glencoe 1831 — Marpessa 1830, by Muley 1810, Clare by Marmion —
Harnalice by Gohanna — Amazon.

1 he American 'Thoroughbred

o

PATR O CL US— Continued

Eonette, Castana, Morice, Castalia, dam of Chilton, Cassette, Casdale Mohegan Mi-

mosa, Castalian, Adjidaumo and Fred Graft.

Third dam, Cachuca, was a winner, dam of Donato, Cracovienne and Duvernay
fourth dam, Ayacanora, dam of Cestus, Chattanooga, Misfortune and Sir Amyas
Fifth dam, Pocahontas, dam of Stockwell, Rataplan, King Tom, etc., etc.
In 1903 Patroclus served eight mares, seven of which produced' live 'foals. In 1904

he served ten mares.

PRINCE OF MELBOURNE

Winner of Many Races, Including the Brighton Cup and Realization Stakes at Coney
t Island, 1901.

This horse is American on both sides of the house being by Bramble, the best and
by far the best, son of imported Bonnie Scotland, who headed the list of winning sires
in America in 1880 and 1883, in addition to being twice second and. three times third.
Bramble was a great horse at cup distances, winning n races after being five times
defeated consecutively, by Duke of Magenta. He was a very small horse but carried
weight in a style that was superb. He got many winners and was always near the top of the
list, though never premier ; and if he had gotten nothing but the brilliant Clifford, who,
at one time held the record at two different distances, and both times with the top-
weight of the race, that alone, should have made him famous as a sire. Bramble's
dam was Ivy Leaf, also dam of Waddill (first called Bazar), winner of 14 races; his
second dam was Bayflower, sister to Preakness. the hero of the famous dead heat for
the Saratoga Cup of 1875, and afterwards walked over, for the Brighton Cup, two miles,
in England ; and the third dam was Bay Leaf, the only American mare up to 1890 that
had produced three winners in England, Bay Final and Rubicon being the other two.
Maid of Balgowan (also dam of Oneko Maid and Maid of Promise,) is by Hindoo, a
great sire, and by long odds the best horse in America in 1881-82. Hindoo was the
sire of Hanover, a brilliant performer, and four times first on the list of winning sires,
as well as twice second by very narrow margins. Her dam was Ballet, who produced
Modesty, by War Dance, she being the only mare in twenty-five years to win the
American Derby at Chicago. Blue Grass Belle, herself a great winner, was a sister to
Modesty! The next dam was Balloon, by imp. Yorkshire, she being the dam of True
Blue and The Banshee, who produced that excellent sire, Apache. The next dam
Heraldry by Herald, imported, produced eight winners, five of which were stake win-
ners. The next dam was Margaret Woods, dam of Wade Hampton and Star Davis,
two of the fastest horses between 1849 and 1852; and the fifth dam, Maria West, pro-
duced the great Wagner, who won the $20,000 Post Stake at Louisville in 1839, beat-
ing Grey Eagle, Queen Mary and Hawkeye. In every generation of this pedigree are
to be found some great winners at all distances.

Like Ben Brush, Prince of Melbourne comes from the family of Maria West,
which does not trace to any of the forty odd mares in the Bruce Lowe system. But in
each generation the Maria West family has had its clever representatives which ac-
counted for a large share of the public moneys run for in America. Wagner, who
raced at every track between the Ohio river and. the Gulf of Mexico for four seasons
and beat every horse of note, save Boston, was the first horse to attract attention to
this family, Childe Harold being the next. It is worthy of note that Childe Harold
was the first stallion to attract notice to the famous Belle Meade farm in Tennessee,
of which he was a shining light up to the time of his death. Star Davis, the fastest
horse in America till Lexington and Lecompte appeared, was another brilliant repre-
sentative of this family. He got Day Star, a winner of the Kentucky Derby.

, PRINCE OF MELBOURNE, CH. H., 1898. j

BRED IN THE MELBOURNE STUD, LEXINGTON, KY., BY COL. W. S.BARNES.

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(2)

Don John,
b. h., 1835.

Waverly, br. h. 1817, by Whalebone (Derby winner in 1810) — Margaretta
1802 by Sir Peter 1784 — Daughter 1792 of Highflyer — Nutcracker by
Matchem — Miss Starling by Starling 1727.
Iletman Platoff's dam, gr. m. 1821 by Comus 1809 (sire of 2 St. Leger win-
ners) — Marciana by Stanford (son of Sir Peter) — Marcia by Coriander
— Faith by Pacolet— Atalanta 1769 by Matchem.

Scandal,
b. m., 1822.

selim, ch. h. 1802 (sire of i Derby and 2 Oaks winners) by Buzzard (he by
Woodpecker) — Castrel's dam by Alexander (brother to Don Quixote) —
Highflyer mare 1781 — Daughter of Alfred, brother to Conductor.
Jaughter 1816 of Haphazard (sire of Filho da Puta, St. Leger and Don-
caster Cup 1815) — Princess by Precipitate (brother to Gohanna) — Colibri
'793 by Woodpecker — Camilla 1778 by Trentham 1766 — Coquette.

(22)

Gladiator,
ch. h., 1833-

Partisan, b. h. 1811 by Walton (brother to Williamson's Ditto, Derby
1803) — Parasol by Pot-8-os 1773 — Prunella (2d dam of Whalebone and
Whisker) by Highflyer (sire of Sir Peter) — Promise 1768 by Snap 1750.
Pauline, b. m. 1826 by Moses (Derby winner of 1822) — Quadrille 1815
by Selim — Canary Bird (6th dam of St. Blaise, Derby of 1883) by
Sorcerer 1796 — Canary by Coriander (Pot-8-os) — Miss Green.

Beverlac's
Dam,
b. m., 1839.

Plenipotentiary (Derby winner in 1834) by Emilius (Derby of 1823) —
Harriet 1819 by Pericles (son of Evander 1801) — Selim mare 1812- —
Pypilina 1803 by Sir Peter — Rally by Trumpator- — Fancy.
Myrrha, b. m. 1830 by Whalebone — Gift 1818 by Young Gohanna 1810 —
Sister to Grazier 1802 by Sir Peter 1784 — Daughter 1788 of Trum-
pator 1782 (Conductor 1767) — Sister to Postmaster by HeroflL

(7)

West
Australian,
b. h., 1850.

Melbourne, br. h. 1834 (sire of Sir Tatton Sykes, 2000 gs. and St. Leger
1846) by Humphrey Clinker 1822 — Morpeth's dam 1825 by Cervantes
1806 — Daughter of Golumpus 1802 — Daughter 1810 of Paynator.
Mowerina, b. m. 1843 (sister to Cotherstone, Derby and 2000 gs.) by
Touchstone 1831 — Emma (dam of 2 Derby winners) by Whisker (Derby
1815) — Gibside Fairy by Hermes 1790 — -Vicissitude by Pipator.

Emilia,
imp. b. m.,
1840.

Young Emilius, b. h. 1833 (raced in England as "Eric") — by Emilius —
Shoveler (Oaks 1819) by Scud (sire of 2 Derby winners) — Goosander
1805 by Hambletonian (St. Leger 1795) — Rally 1790 — Fancy, sister
Persian, b. m. 1829 by Whisker (sire of 2 St. Leger winners) — Variety by
Soothsayer (St. Leger 1811) — Sprite by Bobtail 1795 — Catherine 1795
by Woodpecker 1773 — Camilla by Trentham — Coquette by Compton Barb.

(12)

Lexington,
b. h., 1850.

Boston, ch. h. 1833 by Timoleon 1813 — Sister to Tuckahoe 1814 by Ball's
Florizel — Daughter of imported Alderman (son of Pot-8-os)- — Daughter
of imp. Clockfast 1774 (Gimcrack)— Symmes Wildair mare.
Alice Carneal, br. m. 1836 by imp. Sarpedon 1828 (winner of the Fitz
William Stakes at Doncaster in 1831) — Rowena 1826 by Sempter 1818
(Sir Archy 1805) — Lady Grey by Robin Grey (Royalist) — Maria.

Bay Leaf,
b. m., 1853.

Yorkshire, b. h. 1834 by St. Nicholas (son of Emilius and Sea Meir) — •
Miss Rose, imported, by Tramp — Daughter of Sancho (St. Leger 1804)
— Blacklock's dam by Coriander — Wild Goose 1792 by Highflyer.
Maria Black (imported) by Filho da Puta (St. Leger 1815) — Daughter
of 1817 Smolensko (Derby and 2000 gs. of 1813) — Daughter 1803 of
Sir Peter 1784 — Mambrino mare 1785 — Marigold by Herod.

\ MAID of BALGOWAN, BR. M., 1889. (x) || •

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(12)

Vandal,
b. m., 1850.

(jlencoe, ch. h. 1831 (won the 2000 gs. and Goodwood Cup 1834) by Sultan
(2d in Derby 1819) — Trampoline 1825 by Tramp«Web (sister to Whale-
bone and Whisker) by Waxy 1790 — Penelope 1790 by Trumpator 1782.
Marie's dam br. m. 1837 by imp. Tranby Oatlands Handicap of 1832) —
Lucilla by Trumpator — Lucy (dam of Blacknose( by Orphan— Lady Grey
3rd dam of Lexington) by Robin Gray — Maria by Melzar.

Hymenia,
b. m., 1851.

Yorkshire, imported b. h. 1834 by St. Nicholas (sire of St. Lawrence, who
won the Queen's Vase twice) — Miss Rose by Tramp — Daughter of Sancho
(Don Quixote) — Blacklock's dam by Coriander.
Little Peggy, ch. m. 1847 (3d dam of Ansel who holds the three-mile record
at Cincinnati) by Cripple, son of the great Medoc — Peggy Stewart by
Cook's Whip — Mary Bedford by Duke of Bedford.

(12)

Lexington,
b. h., 1850.

Boston (winner of 40 races out of 45, of which 30 at four-mile heats) by
Timoleon, sire of the great Omega — Sister to Tuckahoe (dam of Robin
Brown) by Ball's Florizel, never beaten.
Alice Carmeal (dam of Umpire who won 18 races in England) by imported
Sarpedon (2d to Priam in the Goodwood Cup of 1832) — Rowena by
Sumpter — Lady Gray, 4th dam of Vandal by Robin Grey.

Weather-
witch,
imp. ch. m.,
1858.

YVeatherbit, br. h. 1842 (sire of Beadsman, Derby of 1858) by Sheet Anchor
1832 — Miss Letty (Oaks of 1837) by Priam (Derby 1830 and Goodwood
Cup with 139 Ibs.) — Miss Fanny's dam by Orville (St. Leger 1802)
Daughter of Birdcatcher 1833 (sire of i Derby and 3 St. Leger winners)
— Colocynth (dam of New Warrior in Australia) by Physician (sire of
The Cure) — Camellina (sister to Camel, sire of Touchstone).

(x)

Revenue,
b. h., 1843.

Trustee, imp. ch. h. 1829 (brother to Mundig, Derby 1835) by Catton (Don-
caster Cup) — Emma (dim of Cotherstone) by Whisker — Gibside Fairy by
Hermes (Mercury — Vicissitude by Pipator — Daughter of Sir Peter.
Rosalie Somers by Sir Charles (best son of Sir Archy, as a sire) — Mischief
by Virginia (son of Sir Archy) — Daughter of imp. Bedford (Dungannon)
— Daughter of Bellair — Shark mare — Symmes' Wildair mare.

Nina,
b. m., 1840.

Boston, ch. h. 1833 (winner of 30 races at 4-mile heats) by Timoleon (never
beaten at 4 miles) son of Sir Archy — Sister to Tuckahoe (dam of Robin
Brown) by Ball's Florizel (never beaten) — Alderman mare.
Frolicsome Fanny (imported) by Lottery (sire of Chorister, St. Leger 1831)
— Sister to Catterick by Whisker (sire of 2 St. Leger winners) — Daughter
of Bay Trophonius — Slope mare — Lardella by Young Marske.

(2) •

Yorkshire,
imp. b. h.
1834.

St. Nicholas by Emilius (Derby 1823 and sire of 2 Derby winners) — Sea
Mew (sister to Sailor, Derby of 1820) by Scud (Beningbrough) — Goos-
ander by Hambletonian, winner of the St. Leger.
Miss Rose (imported) by Tramp (sire of Dangerous, Derby 1833 and Bare-
foot (St. Leger, 1823) — daughter of Sancho (St. Leger, 1804) — Black-
lock's dam by Coriander (Pot-8-os) — Wild Goose by Highfler, sire of

Heraldry,
b. m., 1846

Herald (imported) by Plenipotentiary (Derby of 1834 and sire of Poison,
Oaks of 1841) — Imported Delphine by Whisker (above) — My Lady (imp.)
by Comus — The Colonel's (St. Leger 1828) dam by Delpine (Highflyer).
Margaret Woods, b. m. 1840 (dam of Star Davis and Wade Hampton) by
imp. Priam — Maria West (dam of Wagner and Childe Harold) by Marion
Sir Archy) — Ella Crump by imp. Citizen, son of Pacolet (English).

220 'The American Thoroughbred

INFLEXIBLE

Winner of the Swf and Foam Stakes at Coney Island. Property of H. T. Oxnard.

INFLEXIBLE, bay horse, foaled in 1901, was bred by the late William C. Whitney, of
New York, being by the great Hamburg (winner of the Great Eastern Handicap with
!35 pounds), out of imported Berriedale, one of the choicest matrons selected for the
late Marcus Daly's Bitter Root Stud, Ravalli county, Montana. She is by Donovan,
winner of the Derby and St. Leger of 1889 and the largest money-winner in the world
up to that date. Inflexible won a sweepstake at Morris Park, half a mile in 52 sec-
onds with 108 pounds, beating Collector Jessup, Masedo, Jocund and seven others.
Won the Foam Stakes at Coney Island, five furlongs in i :oiJ/2, with 118 pounds, beat-
ing Mimosa 115, Monsoon in, and nine others, including such good ones as Bob Mur-
phy, Race King, Clifton Forge, Monet and Juvenal Maxim, all of which have won big
money since. He was never extended at any part of the race, the value of which was
$5,895. His next race was for the Surf Stakes at the same track where the penalties
brought his weight up to 129 pounds, with which he won in i 107, a fast race for 5l/2
furlongs. Value $5,385. Monsoon in was second and Yellow Hammer 114 third with
five others unplaced. It was Mr. Whitney's expectation to win the Futurity race with
this grand colt, but he came out of the Surf Stakes quite lame and all efforts to bring
him to another race were wholly unavailing, and he was permanently retired, shortly
afterwards becoming the property of his present owner. When it is remembered that
Hamburg Belle won the Futurity with Leonidas second (also by Hamburg, the sire of
Inflexible), the latter carrying the top weight of the race, and that Inflexible, up to the
time of his retirement, had won twice as much money as either of these two, it will be
seen that he was a colt of unquestioned class.

In person, Inflexible is as handsome a horse as one could wish to see. In color
he is a blood bay, with a degree of substance and heavy bone that he plainly inherits
from his marvellous sire who is the only stallion to get two winners of the Futurity,
and who is the largest winning sire of the past two years when you consider the num-
ber of starters he has had in his name. The student of pedigrees will find all the best
blood of America in Inflexible's sire, as Hamburg's second dam produced the great
Domino who won over $180,000 at two years old ; and the best blood of England in his
dam, which belongs to the No. 8 family, from which came such flyers as Beeswing,
Newminster, Nunnykirk, Sultan, Ayrshire, Sir Tatton Sykes, Orville, Melton, The
Colonel, Octavian, Andover, Rhedycina and Governess.

This family shows three winners each of the Derby, Oaks, Two Thousand and One
Thousand Guineas, and eight of the St. Leger, making twenty classic winners in all.

Inflexible commands as much attention as any other horse in this book, on ac-
count of the patrician blood that is to be found in the dam's side of his pedigree. It is
not only good but absolutely great in every generation. His third dam, Atalanta,
produced Ayshire, winner of the Derby and Two Thousand Guineas of 1888, and now
the best exponent c- Hampton's line. He got the Oaks winner, Airs and Graces.
Inflexible's fourth dam, Feronia, produced St. Serf by St. Simon; and about the
first horse to confer fame on that marvelous sire. The next dam, Woodbine, pro-
duced several good winners ; and the next was Honeysuckle, own sister to New-
minster, a St. Leger winner and a good deal the best son of Touchstone when you
compute them by their value as sires. The next dam was Beeswing, the greatest
racing mare in English history, she having won 52 races out of 63, including 4 Don-
caster Cups.

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IMannie Gray, Fellowcraft, (x) Bourbon Belle, HindooU4)
b. m., 1874 ch. h., 1869 b. m., 1876 b. h., 1878

(20)

Virgil,
bl. h., 1864

\andal b. h. by imported (.lencou 183 1 — Alanc's dam 1837 by imported
Tranby; — Lucilla by Trumpator — Lucy by Orphan (Ball's Florizel) —
Lady Grey by Robin Grey.
Ilymenia b. m. by imported Yorkshire 1834 — Little Peggy by Cripple 184-5 —
Peggy Stewart by Cook's Whip (imported Whip by Saltram, Derby
winner in 1783.

Florence,
ch. m., 1869

Lexington by Boston ch. h. 1833 — Alice Carneal 1836 by imported Sarpe-
don 1828 — Rowena 1826 by Sumpter — Lady Gray 1818 — Maria by Mel-
zar (imported Medley).
\Veatherwitch imported (dam of Fonso) by Weatherbit 1842 — Birdcatcher
mare 1853 — Colocynth by Physician (Brutandorf) — Camellina by Whale-
bone — Selim mare.

do)
Bonnie
Scotland,
1853

lago b. h. 1843 by Don Johnt D 1835 — Scandal bv Selim 1802 — Daughter
of Haphazard (Sir Peter) — Princess by Precipitate 1787.

;2ueen Mary by Gladiator 1833 — Beverlac's dam by Plenipotentiary 1831 —
Myrrha by Whalebone* 1807 — Gift by Young Gohanna.

Ella D,
b. m., 1858

Vandal b. h. 1850 by Glencoe A. G. 1831 — Alaric's dam 1837 by imported
Tranby 1826 — Lucilla by Trumpator — Lucy by Orphan — Lady Gray 1818
by Robin Gray. •

Falcon gr. m. (sister to Gray Eagle) by Woodpecker (son of Bertrand—
Ophelia by Wild Medley — Sir Archy mare 1821 — Lady Chesterfield.

(n)
Australian,
imp. ch. h.,
1858

West Australian*t A by Melbourne — Mowerina 1843 by Touchstone! A 1831
Emma by Whisker 1812 — Gibside Fairy by Hermes — Vicissitude.
Emilia, imported, b. m. 1840 by Young Emilius (Emilius — Shoveler, Oaks
1819) — Persian by Whisker 1812 — Variety by Soothsayerf — Sprite by
Bobtail.

Aerolite,
ch. m., 1862

Lexington b. h. by Boston 1833 — Alice Carneal (dam of Umpire winner
of 1 8 races in England) by imported Sarpedon 1828 — Rowena by Sumpter
— Lady Gray by Robin Gray.

Florine by Glencoe 1831 — Melody by Medoc — Rodolph's dam by Haxall's
Moses (Sir Harry* imported) — Daughter of Cook's Whip 1824.

(x)

Enquirer,
b. h., 1867

Leamington C. G. br. h. 1853, by Faugh a Ballaghf Ces 1841 — Daughter
1841 of Pantaloon — Daphne 1837 by Laurel 1825 — Maid of Honor by
Champion — Etiauette.

Lida by Lexington 1850 — Lize by American Eclipse — Gabriella (dam of
the great George Martin) by Sir Archy.

Lizzie G.,
b. m., 1867

War Dance ch. h. 1859 by Lexington — Reel (dam of Starke, Goodwood
Cup 1861) by Glencoe imp. 1831 — Gallopade imported gr. m. 1828 bv
Catton — Camillina by Camillus.
Daughter of b. m. 1837, Lecomte (Boston — Reel) — Edith by imported
Sovereign (Emilius — Fleur de Lis) — Judith by imported Glencoe—
Fandango by Leviathan 1823.

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(19)

VedetteJD.
br. h., 1854

Voltigeur* br. h. 1847 by \oltaire 1826 — Martha Lynn 1837 by Mulatto
1823— Leda by Filho da Puta*f D 1812 — Treasure by Camillus.

Mrs. Ridgeway ro. m. 1849 by Birdcatcher 1833 — Nan Darrell gr. m. 1844
by Inheritor — Nell gr. m. 1831 by Blacklock 1814 — Madam Vestris by
Comus 1809 (Sorcerer).

Flying
Duchess,
b. m., 1853

Flying Dutchman *fA 1846 by Bay Middleton* 1833 — Harbelle 1836 by
Sandbeck — Darioletta 1822 by Amadis (Don Quixote) Selima by Selim
1802.
Merope b. m. 1841 by Voltaire D 1826 — Velocipede's dam by Juniper 1805
— Daughter 1810 of Sorcerer (sire of 3 Oaks winners)— Virgin bv Sir
Peter 1784.

(12)
Scottish

b. h., 1861

Lord of the Isles 1852 by Touchstonet 1801 — Fair Helen 1843 by Pant-
aloon 1824 — Rebecca (dam of Alice Hawthorn and Annandale) by Lot-
tery — Cervantes mare.
Miss Ann b. m. 1846 by the Little Known (Muley — Lacerta) — Bay Missv
by Bay Middleton* 1833 — Camilla br. m. 1832 by Y'oung Phantom —
Daughter of Camillus. •

Stockings,
b. m., 1863

Stockwellf ch. h. 1849, by the Baront 1842 — Pocahontas (dam of King Tom
and Rataplan) — Marpessa 1830 by Muley 1810 — Clare by Marmion
(Whiskey — Harpalice by Gohanna.
Go Ahead br. m. 1855 (sister to Wrest Australian, above) by Melbourne
1834 — Mowerina by Touchstone 1831 — Emma by Whisker 1812 — Gibside
Fairy by Hermes.

(S)

Doncaster*A
ch. h., 1870

stockwell ch. h. 1849 by The Baron, Ces. 1842 — Pocahontas 2nd dam of
Rayon d'Ort — Marpessa by Muley 1810 — Clare by Marmion — Harpalice
by Gohanna 1790.
Marigold, ch. m. 1860 (Steward's Cup at Goodwood) by Teddington* A —
Sister to Singapore 1852 by Ratan 1841 — Daughter 1844 of Picton —
Daughter of Selim.

Rouge Rose
ch. m., 1865

Thormanby* ch. h. 1857 by Windhound 1847 — Alice Hawthorn (winner of
50^2 races) by Muley Moloch 1830 — Rebecca 1831 by Lottery — Daughter
of Cervantes.
Ellen Home ch. m. 1844 by Redshank (son of Sandbeck) — Delhi 1838 bv
Plenipotentiary 1831 — Pawn Jr. 1817 by Waxy* — Pawn, sister to
Penelope.

(3)

Galopin*,
b. h., 1872

Vedette br. h. 1854 (sire of Gardevisure) by Voltigeur — Mrs. Ridgewav
1849 by Birdcatcher — Nan Darrell by Inheriter — Nell by BlackLock 1814.

Flying Duchess (dam of Vex who won the Stewards Cup at Goodwood)
by Flying Dutchman* A — Merope (3rd dam of imported Eothen) by
Voltaire — Velocipede's dam.

Feronia,
b. m., i86f

Thormanby ch. h. 1857 (sire of Charibert and Atlantic, winners of the
2000 guineas) by Windhound — Alice Hawthorn (dam of Oulston) by.
Muley Molocn — Rebecca.
Woodbine b. m. 1860 by Stockwellf — Honeysuckle 1851 (own sister to
Newminster) by Touchstonet A. D. — Beeswing (52 races out of 63) by
Dr. Syntax 1811.

222 The American Thoroughbred

GOLD HEELS

Winner of the Brighton Cup, and the Brighton and Suburban Handicaps. The prop-
erty of Bedford Hindc & Baker, Mihvood Stud, Frankfort, Ky.

This horse is bred from the male-line of English Eclipse, both his sire and dam
being by Eclipse horses — Longfellow and Glenelg. He was a very busy horse from
the very day he was first saddled, as he started in no less than 24 races, of which he
won 5, was 8 times second, 5 times third and 6 times unplaced ; and in none of these
races was he ever beaten at even weights, conceding the following allowances to these
well-known flyers of 1900 :

Chuotanunda 13 King Lief 10

Far Rockaway 3 Silverdale 5

There is no disgrace in being beaten in any such races 'as those. At three years old
he started 12 times, winning 7 times and only once unplaced. His victories at that age
were the Spindrift, il/i miles in 1 152^; Long Island Handicap, i% miles in 1 153; Sea-
gate Stakes, i% miles in 1:52^; Monarch Stakes, i*/£ miles in 1:54^ by 8 lengths;
Oriental Handicap, 1^4 miles in 2:05^, with Blues second, Advance Guard third and
others unplaced. He also won a purse at nine furlongs and closed up the season by
winning the Autumn Stakes at Morris Park, 2% miles in 3 156, which is the track
record. At four years old he was clearly the best handicap horse in America, winning
the Suburban Handicap, eleven starters, i% miles, in 2:05%, with 126 pounds, Pente-
cost second and Blues third. Won the Advance Stakes, il/2 miles in 2:33, with 126
pounds, from Advance Guard and Goldsmith, as good a race as ever was run at that
distance. Won the Brighton Handicap from 8 others, i% miles in 2:03^, the track
record. Won the Brighton Cup, 2^4 miles, with 124 pounds, in 3 :54JA, or two seconds
faster than the famous dead heat at Saratoga which stood unbeaten for nearly twenty
years. In his only defeat of that year he carried 126 pounds to Colonel Bill's 90, and
was beaten a -length, with seven good ones behind him, Blues being third. His sire,
The Bard, won the Brooklyn Handicap of 1888 and beat all the best horses in Amer-
ica. Gold Heels won $47,620 in three seasons and The Bard campaigned for five sea-
sons, with such cracks as Hanover, Troubadour, Elkwood, Rataplan, Kingston, Exile,
Inspector B and Linden behind him.

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1844 (n)
(Got Fille
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Oaks, 1864)

on- Hercules, bl. li. 1826 (ran 3rd m St. Leger and outbred the ist and
and horses) by Whalebone — Peri (dam of imp. Langford) by Wanderer
— Thalestri 1809 (dam o fEgremout) by Alexander — Rival by Sir Peter.
Guiccioli 1823, by Bob Booty 1804 — Flight 1809 by Escape 1802 — Young
Heroine by Bagot 1780 — Heroine 1775 by Hero 1753— Daughter of
Snap 1750 (Snip 1736) — Sister (1743) to Regulus 1739.

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Daughter of
b. m., 1841
(Dam of
Myrtle and
John Bull)

Pantaloon, ch. h. 1824 (sire of Ghuznee, Oaks 1841 and Satiristf) by
Castrel — Idalia (4th dam of Sir Modred by Peruvian — Musidora 1804 by
Meteor 1783 — Maid of All Work, 1786, by Highflyer — Syphon mare 1771.
Daphne, br. m. 1837 by Laurel (3rd in St. Leger and wo Doncaster
Cup 1828) son of Blacklock — Maid of Honor (2nd dam of Australian
Panic) by Champion — Etiquette 1820 by Orville — Boadicea 1807.

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Eclipse, (3)
ch. h., 1839
(Raced as
Counterplot)

American Eclipse (never beaten at any distance) ch. h. 1814 by Duroc 1806
(Diomed imp.) — Miller's Damsel by imp. Messenger (gr. h. 1780) — imp.
mare by Pot-8-os — Gimcrack mare 1778 — Snapdragon by Snap.
Daughter of 1834 Henry, ch. h. 1819 and first horse to run four miles in-
side of 7.40 — Young Romp by Duroc — Old Romp (sister to Miller's
Damsel) by imp. Messenger — Imported mare, 1792, by Pot-8-os (Eclipse).

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Quiz,
b. m., 1836
(Sister to
Sueen
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Bertrand, b. h. 1821 (winner of 12 races at four-mile heats) by Sir Archy
1805 — Eliza by imp. Bedford 1702, son of Dungannon — imp. Mambrina
'785 by Mambrino 1738 — Sister to Sally by Blank 1740.
Lady Fortune, (date not given) by Blue Beard, he by Stirling imp. (son of
Volunteer) — Woodpecker's dam by imp. Buzzard — The Fawn by Craig's
Alfred — Daughter of Traveler — Whittington mare.

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(12)
Lexington,
b. h., 1850
(4 miles in
7 = 19 3-4-)

Boston, sire of Red Eye, Lecompte, Nat Blick, Commodore, Financier,
Cost Johnson, Nina, Bostona and Arrow. Each of these ran four miles
below 7:40 in bona fide races. Greatest campaigner in U. S. A.
Alice Carneal, b. m. 1836 (dam of Maid of Orleans, a winner of 18 races)
by imported Sarpedon, who ran second to Priam in the Goodwood Cup
and broke down in the Ascot Cup, won by Lucetta, while in the lead.

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(Dam of 3
winners in
England.)

treme speed, to the present writing) second in the Derby — his dam Tram-
poline (winner of £825 at 3 years) by Tramp — Web.
Gallopade, gr. m. 1828 (imported into Canada in 1834) by Catton — Cam-
illina by Camillus — Daughter of Smolensko* — Miss Canon 1811 by
Orvillet 1799 — Weathercock mare 1796 — Cora 1777 by Matchen.

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Kt. of St.
Georgef(26)
b. h., 1851
(Sire of Kt.
of St. Pat-
rick.)

i3irdcatcher, ch. h. 1833 (sire of Songstress, Oaks 1853) by Sir Hercuies
(sire of Lifeboat, Great Metropolitan Handicap 1859) — Guiccioli (dam of
Faugh-a-Ballagh above — Flight by Irish Escape — Young Heroine.
Maltese, b. m. 1845, by Hetman Platoff (Northumberland Plate 1841) —
Waterwitch (who defeated Birdcatcher 3 times) by Sir Hercules —
Mary Ann by Waxy Pope* — Witch 1811 by Sorcerer 1796 — Miss Buckle.

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Levity,
b. m., 1845

irustee, imported, ch. h. by Catton — Emma by Whisker* — Gibside Fairy
by Hermes — Vicissitude by Pipator (1786) — Trustee ran 3rd to St.
Giles and Perion in the Derby and beat Margrave.
Alaric's dam by imported Tranby (winner ot the Oatlands Handicap of
1832) — Lucilla by Trumpator 1823 — Lucy 1821 by Orphan 1810, son of
Rail's Florizel- l.adv Gray 1817. the ?rd dam of Lexington.

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(3)

Stockwell,
ch. h., 1849

i lie Baron, ch. h. 1842 (sire of the Great French mare La loucques, 3rd
dam of La Tosca and 4th of Chuctanuenda and Caughnawaga) by Bird-
catcher — Echidna 1838 by Economist 1825 — Gadabout 1812 by Orville.
Pocahontas b. m. 1837 (3rd dam of Quicklime, city and sub. 1884) by Glen-
coe A. G. — Marpessa 1830 by Muley 1810 — Clare 1824 by Marmion —
Harpalice 1814 by Gohanna — Amazon 1799 by Driver 1783.

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Sortie,
b. m., 1851

Melbourne, br. h. 1834 by Humphrey Clinker (sire of Bran who got Our
Nell, Oaks of 1843) — Morpeth's dam 1825 by Cervantes 1806 — Daughter
of 1818 Golumpus- — Paynator mare 1810 — Circle.
Escalade (sister to Storm and Barricade) by Touchstone — Ghuznee, Oaks
winner 1841 by Pantaloon 1824 — Languish by Cain — Lydia 1822 by Poul-
ton 1805 (brother to Sir Oliver D) — Variety 1808 by Hyacinthus.

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(12)

Kingston,
b. h., 1849

Venison, br. h. 1833 (ran 3rd in the Derby and sire of Miami, Oaks 1847—
see pedigree of Galtee More) by Partisan 1811 — Fawn by Smolensko*
— Jerboa (sth dam of St. Simon) by Gohanna — Camilla 1778.
Queen Anne, b. m. 1843, by Slane (sire of Merry Monarch* and Princess,
Oaks 1844) — Garcia (2nd dam of Marsyas, sire of George Frederick*)
by Octaviant 1807 — Shuttle mare 1806 — Katherine 1798 by Delpini 1781.

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Alice Lowe,
ch. m., 1841

Defence, br. h. 1824 (sire of The Emperor, Ascot Cup 1845, and of De-
ception Oaks 1839) by Whalebone* — Defiance (dam of Dangerous* and
Design) by Rubens 1805 — Little Folly by Highland Fling — Harriet.
Pet. 1826 b. m. by Gainsborough 1813 — Daughter 1818 of Topsy Turvey —
Agnes 1805 by Shuttle 1793 — Highflyer mare 1788 — Goldfinder mare I7&)
— Lady Bolingbroke 1766 by Squirrel 1754. .

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Boston,
ch. h., 1834

Timoleon, ch. h. 1813, by Sir Archy 1805 — Jenny Cockracy's dam by Salt-
ram* — Daughter of Symmes' Wildair 1767 — Daughter of Tyler's Driver
— Fallower mare — Daughter of imp. Vampire 1757 (Regulus).
Sister to Tuckahoe, ch. m. 1814 by Ball's Florizel (never beaten) — Daughter
b. m. 1790. of imp Alderman (Pot.-8-os 1773) — Clockfast mare 1774 —
Symmes Wildair mare— Young Kitty Fisher 1767 by Fearnaught.

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Alice Car-
neal,
b. m., 1836

Sarpedon, br. h. 1828, imported into Virginia, by Emilius — Icaria by The
Fiver — Parma by Dick Andrews (sire of Tramp, Manuella and Altisidori)
— May 1804 by Beningbroughf — Primrose 1787 by Mambrino.
Rowena, ch. m. 1826, by Sumpter, son of Sir Archy — Lady Gray 1817 by
Robin Gray, son of imp. Royalist — Maria 1802 by Melzar 1791 (Medley)
— Imp. Highflyer mare — Daughter of imp. Fearnought 1755.

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Glencoe,
imp. ch. h.,
1831

Sultan, b. h. 1816 (sire of Galata and Green Mantle, winners of the Oaks)
by Selim 1802 — Bacchante by Williamson's Ditto* — Sister to Calomel
1791 by Mercury — Herod mare 1776 — Folly 1771 by Marske.
Trampoline, ch. m. 1825 (dam of Glenartney, 2nd in Derby 1827, pulled to
stable companion) by Tramp 1810 — Web by Waxy* 1700 — Penelope 1798
by Trumpator 1782 (Conductor) — Prunella 1788 by Highflyer — Promise.

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Cotillion,
ch. m., 1837

Leviathan ch. h. 1823 (raced in England as Mezereon and headed the
American list of sires for 3 years) by Muley — dauehter of Windle 1804
(Beningbrough) — Anvil mare 1788 — Virago (dam of Saltram*) by Snap.
Gallopade, im. gray mare 1828 by Catton D — Camillina 1822 by Camillus
— Smolensko mare 1818 — -Miss Cannon 1811 by Orvillet 1799 — Weather-
cock mare 1706 — Cora 1777 bv Matchem 1748.

224. The American Thoroughbred

Winner of the Kentucky and Latonia Derbys and the Suburban Handicap 1897. The
property of J. R. Kcenc & Son, Castleton Stud, Lexington, Ky.

This beautiful little horse was known as the most consistent performer of his day,
never being beaten except by the highest class horses of that period. And scarcely had
popular applause over his victories subsided than the little marvel began to assert his
supremacy in another direction — as a sire. The close of 1904 found him second on the
list with the substantial amount of $157,425 chalked up ag&inst his name. Here are
some figures to be contemplated :

YEAR PREMIER SIRE. AMOUNT.

1894 — Sir Modred, imp $127,400

1895 — Hanover 106,005

1896 — Hanover 84,745

1897 — Hanover 116,140

1898 — Hanover 1 18,590

1899— Albert, imp 95,975

1900 — Kingston 1 16,368

In 1902 Hastings headed the list and in 1903 the imported horse Ben Strome, but
the earnings of both these fell below $115,000. As Ben Brush, while second on the
list, has $30,025 more to his credit than had Sir Modred, the highest of the nine stal-
lions above mentioned, it must be conceded that he is the best stallion of his age in all
America, being two years younger than imported Meddler ,the premier of 1904, and
over $100,000 ahead of Ornament who is only one year younger than Ben Brush, and
who is twentieth on the list for last season, with some excellent sons and daughters to
his credit.

Ben Brush gets all sorts of performers, his daughter Lady Amelia being the fast-
est mare in all America at short distances. And as for stayers over a long distance,
his son Delhi's race for the Grand Republic stakes at Saratoga, last July, which he
won with 119 pounds at three years old, beating horses of all ages, is without a paral-
lel. It ranks up with Foxhall's Cambridgeshire and St. Gatien's Cesarewitch.

BEN BRUSH comes from one of our most distinguished native American families —
that of Maria West. From her came that great four-miler, Wagner, by Sir Charles,
who carried off the $20,000 Post Stake at Louisville in 1839; and her next produce of
note was Childe Harold, who defeated Jerry Lancaster and Sally Morgan at four-mile
heats when three years old. Maria West produced Margaret Wood, she being the dam
of Star Davis and Wade Hampton, the two most brilliant horses of the five years pre-
ceding the advent of Lexington. In the later years came such cracks as Sailor, Para-
chute, True Blue, The Banshee, Apache, Bright Phoebus (winner of the Realization
in 1895), Rainbow and Ahom, winners of the Brooklyn Derby; David Garrick and
Prince of Melbourne ; and three winners of the Kentucky Derby in Azra, Riley and
Ben Brush. Another winner of this family is Rensalaer, who won in America, Eng-
land, France and Belgium.

THE PROPERTY OF JAS. R. AND F. P. KEENE, CASTLETON STUD, KY.

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Don
JohnfD,
b. h., 1835

Waverly br. h. 1817 (Sire of The Saddler) by Whalebone-Margaretta 1802
by Sir Peter 1784 — Daughter 1792 Highflyer, sire of Sir Peter — Nut-
cracker by Matchem — Miss Starling.
Hetman Platoff's (Northumberland Plate 1841) dam by Comus 1809 — •
Marciana by Stamford— Marcia 1797 by Coriander (Pot-8-os) — Faith by
Pacolet — Atalanta by Matchem.

Scandal,
b. m., 1822

Selim ch. h. 1802 (got i Derby and 2 Oaks winners) by Buzzard 1787 —
Rubens' dam by Alexander 1782 — Highflyer mare — Daughter of Alfred
1770 — Daughter 1770 of Engineer.
Daughter of Haphazard (got i St. Leger winner and two of the Two
Thousand) Princess by Precipitate — Colibri (sister to Catherine) by
Woodpecker — Camilla by Trentham.

(22)

Gladiator,
ch. h., 1833

Partisan b. h. 1811 by Walton 1799 — Parasol (dam of Pastille, Oaks 1822)
by Pot-8-os 1773 — Prunella (and dam of Whalebone and Whisker) by
Highflyer (got 4 St. Leger winners) — Promise.
Pauline b. m. 1826 by Moses (Derby 1822) — Quadrille (2nd dam of Cath-
erine Hayes, Oaks 1853) — Canary Bird (sth dam of St. Blaise, Derby
1883) by Sorcerer — Canary 1797 by Coriander.

Beverlac's
dam,
b. m., 1839

Plenipotentiary ch. h. 183^1 (Derby 1834) by Emilius 1820 — Harriet by
Pericles — Daughter of Selim — Pipylina by Sir Peter (Derby 1787) — -
Rally Fancy (sister to Diomed, Derby 1780) by Florizel.
Myrrha b. m. 1830 by Whalebone (above) — Gift by Young Gohanna—
Daughter 1802 of Sir Peter — Trumpator mare — Sister to Postmaster by
Herod (Tartar) — Snap mare.

(7)
West Aus-
tralian*!,
b. h., 1850

Melbourne br. h. 1834, by Humphrey Clinker 1822 — Morpeth's dam by
Cervantes 1806 — Daughter of Golumpus 1802 — Paynator mare 1810 —
Circle (sister to Zodiac) by St. George 1789.
Mowerina b. m. 1843, by Touchstone (premier for 5 seasons) — Emma (dam
of 2 Derby winners) by Whisker — Gibside Fairy 1811 by Hermes —
Vicissitude — Beatrice by Sir Peter 1784.

Emilia,
imp. b. m.,
1840

Young Emilius, b. h. 1833, by Emilius 1820 — Shoveler (Oaks 1819) by Scud
1804 — Goosander by Hambletonian (St. Leger) Rally by Trumpator —
Fancy (sist. to Diomed) by Florizel 1768.
Persian, b. m. 1829 by Whisker (Derby) — Variety by Soothsayer (St.
Leger) — Sprite by Bobtail — Catherine by Woodpecker — Camilla by Trent-
ham — Coquette by the Compton Barb.

(12)

Lexington',

b. h., 1850

Boston, ch. h. 1833, by Timoleon 1813 — Robin Brown's dam 1814 by Ball's
Florizel — Daughter of imp. Alderman 1787 (Pot-8-os) — Daughter of imi>.
Clockfast 1774 — Symmes' Wildair mare.
Alice Carneal, br. m. 1836 (a winner at two-mile heats) by imported Sar-
pedon br. h. 1828 — Rowena 1826 by Sumpter 1818 (Sir Archy 1805) —
Lady Grey by Robin Grey — Maria by Melzar.

Bay Leaf,
b. m., 1853

Yorkshire, imp. b. h. 1834 by St. Nicholas 1827 — Miss Rose by Tramo
1810 — Sancho mare 1810 — Blacklock's dam by Coriander — Wildgoose
1792 by Highflyer — Coheiress by Pot-8-os.
Maria Black, imp. br. m. 1834 by Filho da Puta 1812 — Daughter of Smo-
lensko (Derby 1813) — Daughter 1803 of Sir Peter — Daughter 1785 ->f
Mambrino — Marigold 1777 by Herod.

1 ROSEVILLE, B. M., 1888.

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Faugh-a-
Ballagh,
br. h., 1841

Sir Hercules, br. h. 1826 (sire of Coronation, Derby 1841) by Whalebone
— Peri (dam of imported Langford) by Wanderer — Thalestris by Alex-
ander — Rival by Sir Peter 1784.
Guiccioli, ch. m. 1823, by Bob Booty 1804 — Flight by Irish Escape 1802
(Commodore) — Young Heroine by Bagot 1780 (Herod) — Heroine by
• Hero 1753 (Cade) — Daughter of Snap.

Daughter of
br. m., 1841

Pantaloon, ch. h. 1824 by Castrel (brother to Selim and- Rubens) — Idalia
1815 by Peruvian — Musidora (sister to Meteora, Oaks 1805) by Meteor —
Maid of All Work by Highflyer 17^4.
Daphne, br. m. 1837 by Laurel (Doncaster Cup 1828) son of Blacklock —
Maid of Honor by Champion (Selim) — Etiquette by Orville — Boadicea
(2nd dam of Touchstone) by Alexander 1782.

(3)
Knight of
Kars,
b. h., 1855

Nutwith b. h. 1840, by Tomboy, b. h. 1829 — Daughter of Comus —
Plumper's dam by Delpini — Miss Mostyn by King Fergus — Columbine
by Espersykes.
Pocahontas b. m. 1837 by Glencoe — Marpessa (dam of Jeremy Diddler)
by Muley — Clare by Marmion — Harpalice by Gohanna — Amazon by
Driver, son of Trentham.

Defamation,
b. m., 1852

[ago (above) winner of the Grand Duke Michael and 2nd in St. Leger,
beating Pyrrhus I. (who won the Derby) by Don John (St. Leger) —
Scandal by Selim — Haphazard mare.
Caricature (sister to The Libel) by Pantaloon — Pasquinade (sister to
Touchstone) by Camel — Banter by Master Henry — Boadicea by Alex-
ander — Brunette.

(O
Eclipse,
imp. b. h.,

1855

Orlando (Derby of 1844) by Touchstone — Vulture by Langar — Kite (dam
of Lady Moore Carew) by Bustard — Olympia (dam of Epirus, premier
sire of 1850) by Sir Oliver, Doncaster Cup.
Gaze, sister to Gaper by Bay Middleton (sire of Andover and Flying
Dutchman, winners of the Derby) — Flycatcher by Godolphin — Sister to
Cobweb (Oaks 1824) by Phantom — Filagree.

Maud,
imp. b. m.,
i8S9

Stockwell ch. h. 1849 (sire of 3 Derby and 6 St. Leger winners) by The
Baron (St. Leger 1845) — Pocahontas (dam of King Tom and 2nd dam
of Rayon d'Or) by Glencoe — Marpessa.
Countess of Albemarle by Lanercost 1836 — Sister to Hornsea (dam of
Jenny Mills) by Velocipede — Daughter of Cerberus, he by Gohanna.
Hornsea won the Goodwood Cup 1836.

(4)

Kentucky,
b. h., 1861

Lexington b. h. 1850, by Boston — Alice Carneal by imp. Sarpedon — Rowena
1826 by Sumpter — Lady Grey 1818 by Robin Grey — Maria by Melzar
(Medley).
Magnolia, ch. m. 1841 (dam of Daniel Boone, Gilroy and Skedaddle) by
Glencoe — imported Myrtle by Mameluke (Derby 1827) — Bobadilla by
Bobadil.

Blue
Ribbon
ch. m., 1859

Revenue, b. h. 1843 by imp. Trustee (brother to Mundig, Derby 1835) — •
Rosalie Somers by Sir Charles (best son of Sir Archy as a sire) — •
Mischief by Virginian (Sir Archy).
Parachute, b. m. by imported Yorkshire 1834 — Heraldry, ch. m. by imp.
Herald 1839 — Margaret Woods .(dam of Star Davis) by imp. Priam-
Maria West by Marion — Ella Crump by Citizen.

226 The American Thoroughbred

DISGUISE II

Winner of the Jockey Club Stakes (£10,000) and Third in the Derby of 1900. The
property of J. R. & F. P. Keene, Castlcton Stud, Lexington, Ky.

This was a horse that had the misfortune to be foaled in the same year with a
winner of the "Triple Crown," the famous Diamond Jubilee (owned by King Edward),
to which horse he ran third in the Derby, but subsequently defeated in the Jockey Club
Stakes, a race of much greater money value than the Derby. Had Disguise II been
foaled a year earlier or later he must have annexed one of the three classic events of
England.

Disguise II was by Domino, by long odds the most brilliant colt ever toaled in
America up to the present writing. No matter what other colt was second. Domino
was always first. He beat Henry of Navarre and Dobbins just as easily as they beat
everything else. His nearest approach to defeat was at Morris park when Dobbins
ran a dead heat with him in a match for $5,000 a side. Both colts were so distressed
that it was agreed by the owners to withdraw the stakes and call the race off. It will
also be remembered that Domino was the sire of that splendid three-year-old filly Cap
and Bells, which won the Epsom Oaks of 1901, but pulled up lame and never started
afterwards. Domino died in 1899 after a few hours' illness, but his sons will per-
petuate his fame. The eldest progeny of Disguise II and Commando are two years
old in 1905 and" may be trusted to do battle for the house of Himyar, whose roll of
1903 still stands at head of all winning lists with $249,252 to his credit.

Disguise' II comes from one of the best sire lines in the world, that of little
Queen Mary, that was sold for $70 at three years of age. She is the dam of Bonnie
Scotland, the first horse ever to head the list in America with over $135,000 to the
credit of his progeny ; the second dam of Breadalbane and Blair Athol, the latter being
by long odds the best son of Stockwell, being premier for four seasons ; and the third
dam of Castle Hill and Light Artillery in Australia, both noted as sires of good
winners. Queen Mary is also the great-grand dam of imported Siddartha and the
fourth dam of Martenhurst, two stallions of considerable fame in America. Every-
thing from her direct line races well and breeds well. She represents the No. 10
family of Bruce Lowe's system, to which also trace imported Deceiver and Watercress
in America ; and imported Antcros in New Zealand, a good sire of whom Americans
have so far heard but little.

Like all the other sires at Castleton, Disguise is a private stallion and no outside
mares can be bred to him, save as a matter of personal courtesy.

1 DISGUISE II., B. H., 1897.

WINNER OF THE JOCKEY CLUB STAKES 1900, AND THIRD IN THE DERBY. !

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1855

Orlando* b. h. 1841 (sire of i Derby, i St. Leger and 3 Two Thousand
winners) by Touchstone (1831)— Vulture by Langar— Kite by Bustard—
Olympia (dam of EHs, St. Leger 1836) by Sir Oliver D.
Gaze (sister to Gaper) by Bay Middleton* (1833)— Flycatcher by Godolphin
(Partisan) — Sister to Cobweb (Oaks 1824) by Phantom* — Filagree by
Soothsayer- — Web by Waxy.

Maud, imp.
b. m., 1859

Mockwell, ch. h. 1849 by the Baronf (1842)— Pocahontas (1837) by Glencoe
G. (1831)— Marpessa (1830) by Muley (1810) — Clare by Marmion —
Harpalice by Gohanna (1790).,
Countess of Albemarle by Lanercost A. (1836) ran 3rd in St. Leger and
won Ascot Cup 1841 — Sister to Hornsea G. (1832) by Velocipede (1825)
Cerberus mare — Miss Cranfield by Sir Peter.

(12)

Lexington,
b. h., 1850

lioston, ch. h. 1834 (only horse to get ten performers with four mile
records below 7:40) by Timoleon (1813) — Robin Brown's dam by Ball's
FlorizeJ (unbeaten) — Alderman mare.
Alice Carneal, b. m. 1836 (2nd dam of Helmbold who beat Longfellow at
four miles) by Sarpedon, imp. — Rowena by Sumpter (Bro. to Flirtilla)
— Lady Gray by Robin Gray (Royalist).

Hegira,
ch. m., 1846

Ambassador, ch. h. 1839, by Plenipotentiary* — Jenny Mills, imported by
Whisker* — Hornsea's dam by Cerberus, son of Gohanna — Miss Cranfield
by Sir Peter — Pegasus mare.
Flight, ch. m. 1837 by imported Leviathan (ch. h. 1827) son of Muley
1810 — Charlotte Hamilton by Sir Charles (Sir Archy — Lady of the Lake
by imported Sir Harry* — Daughter of Diomed* — St. George mare.

(14)
Leamington,
imp. br. h.,
1853

Faugh-a-Ballaghf by Sir Hercules (1826)— Guiccioli (1823) by Bob Booty
(1804) — Flight by Irish Escape (Brother to Rugantino) — Young Heroine
by Bagot, son of Herod (1758).
Daughter of (b. m. 1841) Pantaloon — Daphne by Laurel D — Maid of Honor
by Champion (Selim) — Etiquette by Orville (1799) Boadicea (2nd dam
of Touchstone) by Alexander.

Lida,
b. m., 1858

Lexington, b. h. 1850 (4 miles in 7:19% against time and in
7:23%, beating Lecomte) by Boston — Alice Carneal (2nd dam of Abdel
Kader) by imp. Sarpedon — Rowena by Sumpter (above).
Lize by American Eclipse (ch. h. 1814) won n races and never beaten)
son of Duroc — Gabriella (dam of the great George Martin) by Sir Archy.

(23)

War Dance,
ch. h., 1859

^exington, b. h. 1850 (only horse in the world to head the list of winning
sires for eleven seasons) by Boston — Alice Carneal, above— Rowena
by Sunmter — Lady Gray,
keel, gr. TW/ 1838 (winner of 16 races out of 19, at all distances) by
Glencoe, imp. A. G. — imp. Gallopade by Catton — Camillina by Camillus
Hambletonianf) Smolensko mare.

Daughter of
b. m., 1857

i^ecompte, ch. h. 1850, by Boston (above) — Reel (dam of Prioress Ces)
and Starke G. by Glencoe — imp. Gallopade (dam of Fandango) by Cat-
ton — Camillina by Camillus.
^dith, b. m. 1850 by imp. Sovereign (Emilius — Fleur de Lis, winner of
1 8 races out of 32) — Judith by imp. Glencoe — Fandango by imp. Leviathan
— imp. Gallopade, above.

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(2)

Voltigeur*f,
br. h., 1847

\oltaire (12) by Blacklock, b. h. 1814 (second to Ebor in the St. Leger) —
Daughter of Phantom* 1808 (sire of 2 Derby winners) — Daughter of
Overton — Gratitude's dam 1796, by Walnut.
Martha Lynn 1837 by Mulatto (sire of Old England) — Leda (dam cf
Arachne) 1824 by Filho da Puta* D. — Treasure by Camillus — Hyacinthus
mare 1804 — Flora.

Mrs. Ridge-
way,
ro. m., 1849

Uirdcatcher, ch. h. 1833 (got 3 winners each, St. Leger and Great Ebor
Handicap) — by Sir Hercules — Guiccioli by Bob Booty — Flight by Escape
— Young Heroine by Bagot.
Xan Darrell (3rd dam of Winterlake, Australia) by Inheritor — Nell by
Blacklock — Madam Vestris by Comus -Lisette 1806 by Hambletonian
71792 — Constance.

(3)
Flying Dut-
chman*fA,
1846

iJay Middleton* b. h. 1836 by Sultan — Cobweb (Oaks 1824) by Phantom*
— Filagree by Soothsayerf — Web (sister to Whalebone*) by Waxy* —
Penelope by Trumpator.
iSarbelle b. m. 1836 by Sandbeck 1818 — Darioletta (dam of Galaor) by
Amadis — Selima 1810 by Selim 1802 — Daughter 1794 of Pot-8-os 1773
— Editha 1781 by Herod.

Merope,
b. m., 1841

voltaire (sire of Charles XII, St. Leger 1839 and 2 Goodwood Cups) by
Blacklock — Variella's dam, by Phantom (got 2 winners of the 2000 gs)
— Daughter of Overton.

Velocipede's dam 1817 by Juniper 1805, son of Whiskey 1789 — Virgin by
Sir Peter 1784 — Daughter of Sorcerer — Virgin by Sir Peter.

(25)
Y. Mel-
bourne,
br. h., 1855

Melbourne br. h. 1834 (sire of Blink Bonny, Sir Tatton Sykes and West
Australian) by Humphrey Clinker 1822 — Morpeths dam 1825 by Cer-
vantes — Golumpus mare.
Clarissa by Pantaloon (got Ghuznee, Oaks of 1841 and Hernandez, 2000
gs 1851 — Daughter 1837 of Glencoe — Frolicsome by Frolic, son of Had-
ley, brother to Wanderer.

Daughter of

Retriever (or Lanercost, the former given) by Recovery (he by Emilius,
Derby 1823) Taglioni by Whisker, Retriever won the Doncaster Cup
of 1832.

Physalis by Bay Middleton (Derby 1836) — Balline by Whalebone — Vale
Royal by Sorcerer — Orange by Whiskey — Orange Bud by Highflyer.

(22)

Gladiator,
ch. h., 1833

Partisan b. h. 1811 (sire of Mameluke, Derby 1827 and Cyprian Oaks 1836)
by Walton 1799 — Parasol (dam of Pastille, Oaks 1822) by Pot-8-os —
Prunella (dam of Waxy Pope).
Pauline by Moses (Derby 1822) he by Seymour or Whalebone*, the latter
given) — Quadrille (2nd dam of Catherine Hayes, Oaks 1853) — Canary
Bird bv Sorcerer.

Beverlac's
dam,
b. m., 1839

Plenipotentiary (ch. 1831 and winner of the Derby 1834) by Emilius Har-
riet (2nd dam of Planet- — Hesperus) by Pericles — Selim mare — Pipylina by
Sir Peter.
Myrrha, b. m. 1830 by Whalebone 1807— Gift gr. m. 1818 by Young
Gohanna 1810 — Sister to Grazier 1802 by Sir Peter (Derby 1787) —
Sister to Ainator by Trumpator 1782

228 The American Thoroughbred

MA X N 1C

Winner of the Western Produce Stakes at Oakland and the Stallion Stakes at'

Sacramento.

This is a bay horse bred by his owners in igoo, from Pic Nic, by Mr. Pickwick,
(son of Hermit and Tomato by King Tom, and imported from England by Charles
Reed, of Gallatin, Tenn.,) who was the sire of that great colt, Dobbins. Pic Nic was
brought to California by the late L. U. Shippee, of .Stockton ; and had already pro-
duced that good filly Recreation. Pic Nic was bred to Altamax in 1899, with Max-
nic as the result. He started ten times at two years old, winning twice, and four times
second. When beaten, it was in the hottest of company. There are horses credited
with a dozen races that never beat as good a colt as Maxnic.

Ran second to Deutschland, 3^/2 furlongs in 44 seconds, with six others behind him
to whom he conceded from three to eight pounds. Won the Western Produce stakes;
value $5,700, five furlongs in i :o2I/2 giving weight to eight others, Sylvia Talbott sec-
ond and Vinctides third, Deutschland being sixth. Unplaced for the Tremont stakes,
at Brooklyn. • Ran second to Stamping Ground (conceding her 12 pounds) in a sweep-
stake at Saratoga, Captain Arnold third with 117, and nine others unplaced, three of
them carrying less than 100 pounds to Maxnic's 124. . Second in a race for all ages,
won by Chuctanunda, the fastest sprinter in America, at seven furlongs, run in i -.2^/2
with nine others behind him, giving 18 pounds to Athelroy, the only other two-year-
old in the race, who finished ninth. In his next three efforts he finished outside the
money, being overweighted. At Coney Island he ran second to The Rival, at a
mile and a sixteenth, giving him a year's weight, in i 147, with Carbuncle, St. Finnan
lotente, Swamplands and Operator behind him. There was never a two-year-old so
completely handicapped out of a race as was Maxnic in this one. On his return to
California Maxnic won the Stallion Stakes at Sacramento, valued at $4,836, beating
St. Winfred, Gaviota, Polonius, The Major, Organdie and i^ervator, six furlongs in
i :i6. His total winnings were $10,480.

Maxnic is as yet untried as a sire. He comes from great performing families on
either side, and great hopes of his progeny are entertained by his owners. He has
plenty of bone and substance, and is a most decidedly masculine horse in appearance.
His grandsire, Maxim, was certainly as good a Musket horse as ever left Australia ;
and the breeding of his dam will bear a very close and rigid scrutiny.

Maxnic is from the No. 3 family in Bruce Lowe's system, whence come such great
ones as Sir Peter, 'i ramp, Stockwell, Rataplan, King Tom, Flying Dutchman, Laner-
cost, Toxophilite, Musket, Galopin and Velocipede, all sires of classical winners in Eng-
land ; and also such great winners, less known as sires, as Mameluke, Spaniel, Lapdog,
Kettledrum, Isinglass, Favonius, Van Tromp, General Peel and Moslem. This is by
long odds the best of all the sire families. From it have come, since 1780, no less
than 15 winners of the Derby, 14 of the Oaks, 13 each of the St. Leger and One
Thousand Guineas; and 10 of the Two Thousand Guineas, two of which (Stockwell
and Isinglass) won the St. Leger.

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: BRED BY HIS OH'NERS, MESSRS. BURNS & WATERHOUSE. \

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Toxophilite
b. h., 1855

i.ongbow, b. h. 1849, by ithuriel — Miss Howe by Catton, sire of Tarrare,
St. Leger 1826 — Tranby's (imported into America) dam by Orville, St.
Leger 1802.
Legerdemain by Pantaloon (sire of i Oaks and i St. Leger winner) —
Decoy (dam of Flatcatcher and Phryne) by Filho da Puta — Finesse by
Peruvian — Violante.

Daughter of
b. m., 1857

\\ est Australian by Melbourne — Mowerina (sister to Cotherstone, Derby
and 2000 guineas 1843) by Touchstone — Emma (dam of Mundig and
Trustee) by Whisker.
Brown Bess by Camel (sire of Touchstone and Launcelot) — Brutandorf
mare — Daughter of Welbeck (brother to Tiresias, Derby 1819) — Tramp's
dam by Gohanna.

d9)

Vespasian,
b. h., 1863

Aewminster b. h. 1848 by Touchstone (St. Leger and 2 Ascot Cups) —
Beeswing (4 Doncaster Cups) by Dr. Syntax — Tomboy's (sire of Nut-
with) dam by Ardrossan.
Vesta by Stockwell (sire of 4 winners of the 2000 guineas) — Garland by
Langar — Cast Steel by Whisker. (This is the family of Exile, Brooklyn
Handicap 1889.

Hopeful
Duchess,
b. m., 1859

i- lying Dutchman (Derby and St. Leger and brother to Vanderdecken) by
Bay Middleton — Barbelle by Sandbeck, son of Catton — Darioletta (dam
of Galaor) by Amadis.
Espoir by Liverpool (sire of Lanercost and Idas, 2000 guineas) — Esperance
by Lapdog, son of Whalebone and Derby winner in 1827.

(0
Eclipse,
imp. b. h.,
1855

Orlando (Derby 1844) by Touchstone — Vulture by Langar (sire of Elis
and Epirus) — Kite (3rd dam of Beadsman, Derby 1858) — Olympia by
Sir Oliver.
Gaze by Bay Middleton (Derby 1836 and sire' of i St. Leger and 2 Derby
winners) — Flycatcher by Godolphin (Partisan) — Sister to Cobweb (dam
of Princess, Oaks 1844) by Phantom.

Maud, imp.,
b. m., 1859

Stockwell (sire of Blair Athol, winner of Derby and St. Leger and
premier sire of England for four seasons) by The Baron — Pocahontas
by Glencoe — Marpessa 1830 by Muley.
Countess of Albemarle by Lanercost ' (Ascot and Newcastle Cups of 1841
and sire of i St. Leger and i Oaks winner) — Sister to Hornsea by
Velocipede, son of Blacklock.

(4)

Kentucky,
b. h., 1861

Uexington (ran four miles in 7:19% with 104 Ibs. and 7:233-4 a week
later) by Boston — Alice Carneal by imp. Sarpedon — Rowena by Sumpter
— Lady Grey, 4th dam of Vandal.
Magnolia (J|M. dam of Iroquois, Derby and St. Leger of 1881 and premier
sire of America in 1892) by Glencoe — imp. Myrtle by Mameluke, Derby
winner of 1827.

Bernice,
imp.

Stockwell (got 3 winners of the Derby, 4 of the Two Thousand and 6
of the St. Leger) by The Baron (sire of Rataplan who won 42 races out
of 71 — Pocahontas by Glencoe.
1'raxey by Moss Trooper (son of Liverpool) — Queen Mary, (dam of Blink
Bonny and Bonnie Scotland) by Gladiator — Beverlac's dam 1839, by
Plenipotentiary.

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(8)

Newminster,
b. h., 1848

i ouchstone, br. h. 1831, by Camel (sire of 2 St. Leger winners and 3 of
the Ascot Cup — Banter (2nd dam of Macaroni, Derby 1863) by Master
Henry — Boadicea by Alexander,
'ieeswing b. m. 1833 (dam of Nunnykirk, 2000 guineas 1849) by Dr.
Syntax (winner of 4 Preston Cups) — Tomboy's dam by Ardrossan — Lady
Eliza by Whitworth.

Seclusion,
b. m., 1857

i admor (2nd in Derby 1849) by Ion (2nd in both Derby and St. Leger
1838) — Palmyra by Sultan (sire of Glencoe) — Hester by Camel — -Mon-
imia by Muley, 1810.
Miss Sellon by Cowl (Bay Middleton — Crucifix) — Belle Dame by Bel-
shazzar (imported to U. S. A.) — E'len by Starch — Cuirass by Oiseau — -
Castanea by Gohanna.

(3)

King Tom,
b. h., 1851

rtarkaway ch. h. 1834 (winner of the Goodwood Cups of 1838 and 1839)
by Economist 1825 — Fanny Dawson 1823 by Nabocklish — Miss Tooley by
Teddy the Grinder 1798.
Pocahontas b. m. 1837 (2nd dam of Rayon d'Or, St. Leger 1879) by
Glencoe — Marpessa, by Muley (sire of Margrave, St. Leger 1832) Clare
by Marmion- — Harpalice.

Mincemeat,
b. m., 1851

Sweetmeat, br. h. by Gladiator (best horse ever sent to France) — Lollypop
(Sth dam of Glenheim and Plaudit) by Starch — Belinda by Blacklock.
Hybla (dam of Kettledrum, Derby and Doncaster Cup 1861) by The Pro-
vost — Otisina (sister to Lanercost) by Liverpool 1829 — Otis by Bustard — -
Daughter of Election 1803.

(3)

Stockwell,
ch. h., 1849

i'he Baron ch. h. 1842, (Cesarewitch and St. Leger 1835) by Birdcatcher —
Echidna by Economist — Miss Pratt by Blacklock 1814, Gadabout by
Orville (St. Leger. 1802).
Pocahontas (2nd dam of Nuneham, whose fee was $250 in 1882) by Glencoe,
1831 — Marpessa by Muley 1810 — Clare by Marmion 1806 — Harpalice 1814
by Gohanna.

Daughter of

Ked Hart by Venison (3rd in the Derby 1836) — Soldier's Daughter by The
Colonel (St. Leger 1828) — Oscar Mare — Camarine's (Ascot Cup 1831)
dam by Rubens i8o'4-
(•arrick's dam by Velocipede (sire of Queen of Trumps, Oaks and St.
Leger of 1835) — Daughter of Comus (sire of 2 at. Leger winners, 1817
and 1827) he by Sorcerer.

King
Caradoc

Prince Caradoc by The Colonel (dead heat for Derby 1828) — Queen of
Trumps by Velocipede 1825 — Princess Royal by Castrel, brother to
Selim and Rubens.
Miss Julia Bennett by Muley Moloch (sire of the great Alice Hawthorn)
— Patty by Camel 1822 or Laurel 1824 (Laurel's pedigree is accepted).

Miss Bower

Record by Emilius (Derby winner 1823 and sire of 2 Derby winners) —
Fatima by Selim (sire of i Derby winner and 2 of the Oaks — Bacchante
by Ditto (Derby 1803).
Daughter of Righton (by Palmerin) — Selina by Fitz Teazle — Rally by
Hyacinthus — Daughter of Overton — Katherine by Highflyer — Sincerity.

2JO The American 'Thoroughbred

COLONEL WHEELER

Winner of the Golden Gate Stakes and other races. Property of Burns & Watcrhouse.

Chestnut horse, foaled 1894, bred at the Rancho del Paso, Sacramento, Cal. Now
owned by Burns & Waterhouse, San Francisco, Cal.

This horse is by imported Midlothian, son of Strathconan, one of the best sons
of Newminster, out of Agnes by Onondaga (son of imported Leamington and brother
to Sensation, never beaten in ten races) from Skylight by Jack Malone, from Vesper-
light (dam of the great Vandalite, best three-year-old of 1868) by Childe Harold.
But few of Colonel Wheeler's get have yet made their appearance, his best being that
frequent winner, Cascine. He campaigned creditably for three seasons and was never
beaten but once at even weights.

At two years old he was unplaced in his first race. Won at five furlongs in i :02,
beating Banquo and Fortunate, with four others unplaced, carrying the top weight.
Unplaced in his next race. Third to Searcher and Horse Shoe Tobacco, with five
others behind him, carrying top weight, five furlongs in i :o6 on a bad track. Won
at six furlongs (St. Louis), beating horses of all ages, Gladys II. second and Travis
third, with seven others unplaced. Time, 1:15^2. Wron at six furlongs in 1:16, by
three lengths, with top weight, Forsythe second and Oman Wood third, three others
unplaced. Won at five and a half furlongs, giving weight to everything else, in i :og,
Russella second, Forsythe third, and three others unplaced. Ran third to Gath and
Garland Barr, six furlongs in I :i4^4- Unplaced to White Frost, Indio and Nina
Louise, carrying top weight, five furlongs in i 103^4. This closed his two-year-old
racing. White Frost won over $26,000 in that season and sold for $8,000 when broken
down.

At three years he won at a mile against older horses in I 146^2, Stentor second,
Ivy third and three others unplaced. Won at six furlongs, beating Mrs. Shade and
Roselle, with eight others unplaced. Time, i :2i, in deep mud. Second to Rey del
Tierra, giving him four pounds, four others unplaced, in 1 143 for a mile. Beaten a
nose by Good Times, Claudiana third and four others unplaced, one mile in i :42^2,
carrying 117 pounds, giving weight to five others. Won at six furlongs in i :i4, beat-
ing Peixotto and Zamar, five others unplaced. Third to Satsuma and Torsina, with
Buckwa and Argentina unplaced, one mile in i :42. Won at one mile and a sixteenth,
beating Yankee Doodle, Ransom, Logan and Miss Ruth, ini :48^. Won at seven
furlongs, 112 pounds, giving weight to seven others, Lena second and Adam Andrew
third, in i :2Qi/2. Ran second to Shasta Water, his stable companion, in the Naglee
Selling Stakes, seven furlongs, in i :2g^4, giving five pounds to the winner. Double
Quick third and Zamar and Bellicoso unplaced.

At four years he won the Golden Gate Stakes, with 107, beating Satsuma, six
years, 117 pounds; Dr. Sharp, three years, 99 pounds, with Fleur de Lis, St. Callatine
and Shasta Water unplaced, at seven furlongs, in i :27^4>, on a moderately good track.
Ran second to Satsuma in the McLaughlin Selling Stakes, one and one-sixteenth miles,
with 104 pounds, in i '.48^4, on a fair track, conceding a year's weight to Garland Barr,
King William and Tom Cromwell and three years' weight to Buckwa. Ran third to
Koko and Scarborough at seven and a half furlongs, conceding weight to all but the
latter, and a year to the winner, in 1 137, with Manzanilla, St. Phillip, Tenrica and Tom
Anderson behind him. This closed his racing career.

Agnes was full sister to Oregon, the fastest horse in America in 1890 at five fur-
longs. Mated with Kyrle Daly, she produced Agnes Flash, dam of Roehampton, win-
ner of 14 races and second to the great Waterboy in the Brighton Handicap of 1903.
Agnes won the Flash Stakes at Saratoga and was second for the Independence Stakes
at St. Louis, giving the winner seven pounds. She produced Maid of Honor, a winner
for three seasons, and Lake Placid, a good winner in England. This is the No. 18
family whence came the great stallion Waxy.

BRED BY MR. J. B. HAGGIN, RANCHO DEL PASO, CAL.

. MIDLOTHIAN', IMP. B. H., 1874. (19) >

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IMaud, Windhound, (3) Souvenir, Newminster, 8)
ch. m., 1854 br. h., 1847 gr. m., 1857 br. h., 1848

(14)

Touchstone,
br. h., 1831

Camel^ br. h. 1822, sire of 2 St. Leger winners, by Whalebone — daughter
of Selim (sth dam of Hindoo and 6th of Firenze — Maiden by Sir Peter.

Banter by Master Henry (Orville — Mameluke's dam) Boadicea (sth dam
of imported Darebin) by Alexander — Brunette, by Amaranthus.

Beeswing,
b. m., 1833

Doctor Syntax br. h. 1811 (won the Preston Cup 4 times) by Paynator
(Son of Conductor) — Daughter of Beningbrough (St. Leger 1794) —
Jenny Mole.

Tomboy's (Doncaster Cup 1834) by Ardrossan, son of John Bull — Lady
Eliza by Whitworth, son of Agonistes — Daughter of Spadille.

^ (23) ,

ChanticleerV
gr. h., 1843

fl I i.* — V

Birdcatcherj.ch. h. 1833 by Sir Hercules — Guiccioli by Bob Booty — Flight

Whim gr. m. 1832, by (Irish) Drone — Kiss by Waxy Pope (Derby 1809) — 6
Daughter of Champion*1^l5. h. 1797 (by Pot-8-os) — Brown Fanny. *

Birthday,
b. m., 1850

Assault by Touchstonef A — Ghuznee, Oaks 1841 by Pantaloon — Languish
by Cain 1822 (Paulowitz) — Lydia by Poulton (Brother to Sir Oliver).

D

Nitocris (Sister to Memnon, St. Leger 1825) by Whisker* — Manuella, Oaks
1813, by Dick Andrews — Mandane (Dam of Lottery) by Pot-8-os.

(17)

Pantaloon,
ch. h., 1824

Castrel, ch. h. 1801 by Buzzard 1772 — The Alexander mare, dam of Selim, g
Rubens and Bronze, Oaks 1806.
|
Idalia ch. m. 1815 by Peruvian — Musidora (sister to Meteora, Oaks win- ,
ner in 1805) by Meteor, son of Eclipse — Maid of all Work by Higlr-
flyer.

Phryne,
b. m., 1840

*i
Touchstone br. h. 1831, by Camel — Banter (2nd dam of Satirist t) by *
Master Henry — Boadicea (sth dam of Leamington) — Brunette.

Decoy by Filho da Putat D (sire of Birmingham, who defeated Priam in /
the St. Leger 1830) — Finesse by Peruvian, son of Sir Peter. *

(4)
Loup
Garou,
br. h., 1846

Lanercost, br. h. 1836 (3rd in St. Leger and sire of Van Trompt G) — by „
Liverpool (son of Tramp) Otis (3rd dam of Kettledrum* D) — Gayhurst's
dam by Election. .
Moonbeam (3rd dam of Kisber, Wenlock and Apology) by Tomboy (above) '
out of Lunatic 1818 by Prime Minister (son of Sanchot1! — Maniac by
Shuttle.

Venilia,
b. m., 1834

Velocipede ch. h. 1825 by Blacklock 1814 — Daughter of (4th dam of
Galopin* and imp. Eothen) by Juniper 1805 — Virgin 1801 by Sil Peter —
Pot-8-os mare.
Charity by Tramp, D (sire of Dangerous* and St. Giles* and also of Bare-
foott. (For extension see pedigree of Lowlander. )

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Faugh a
Ballagh,
br. h., 1841

Sir Hercules br. h. 1826 (3rd in St. Leger 1829) by Whalebone — Peri by
Wanderer (brother to Hedley and Golumpus) — Thalestris (dam of
Egremont) by Alexander — Rival by Sir Peter.
Guiccioli ch. m. 1823 by Bob Booty 1804 (son of Commodore) — Flight by
Escape (bro. to Rugantino) — Young Heroine by Bagot (Herod.)

Daughter of
br. m., 1841

Pantaloon (ch. h. 1824, by Castrel (brother to Selim and Rubens) — Idalia
(3rd dam of Regalia, Oaks 1865) by Peruvian — Musidora by Meteor, he
by Eclipse.
Daphne, br. m. 1837 by Laurel (3rd in St. Leger and won Doncaster Cup
1828) son of Blacklock — Maid of Honor, (3rd dam of Panic, in Aus-
tralia) by Champion — Etiquette by Orvillet.

(12)

Lexington,
b. h., 1850

Boston (got ten horses with four-mile records below 7:40) ch. h. 1834
by Timoleon 1813- — sister to Tuckahoe (dam of Robin Brown) by Ball's
Florizel (unbeaten) — Alderman mare.
Alice Carneal, dam of Annette by imp. Scythian, son of Orlando. Annette
produced Lady Mostyn by Lord Clifden and she is the dam of Mostyn,
a great Australian horse.

Sally
Lewis,
ch. m., 1852

Glencoe ch. h. 1831 by Sultan 1816 (2nd to Tiresias in the Derby 1819) — •
Trampoline 1825 by Tramp D — Web (dam of Middleton*) by Waxy*—
Penelope (dam of Whalebone*) by Trumpator.
Motto, ch. m. 1839 by im. Barefoot (St. Leger 1823) — Lady Tompkins by-
American Eclipse — Katy Ann 1825 by Ogles Oscar — Medoc's dam by
imp. Expedition.

(12)

Lexington,
b. h., 1850

Boston (won 40 races out of 45, of which 20 were at heats of four miles)
by Timoleon — Sister to Tuckahoe by Ball's Florizel — Daughter of Imp.
Alderman — Clockfast mare.
Alice Carneal (dam of Umpire, who won 18 races on the English tracks)
by Sarpedon (2nd in the Goodwood Cup 1831) — Rowena by Sumpter--
Lady Grey by Robin Grey — Maria.

Gloriana,
ch. m., 1840

Eclipse ch. h. 1814 by Duroc (son of Diomed*) — Miller's Damsel by imp.
Messenger — imported mare by Pot-8-os (sire of Waxy* and Champion*t

Trifle (won the 3rd heat of the 20 mile race on Long Island^ won by Black
Maria) by Sir Charles (Sir Archy) — Daughter of Cicero.

(x)
Childe
Harold,
b. h., 1842

Sovereign, imp. b. h. 1834 (never was trained) by Emilius* (sire of 2
Derby winners) — Fleur de Lis (winner of i Doncaster and 2 Goodwood
Cups) by Bourbon — Lady Rachel.
Maria West (dam of Wagner, winner of the great $20,000 Post Stake at
Louisville in 1839) by Marion (Sir Archy) — Ella Crump by imp. Citizen,
son of Pacolet.

Budelight,
ch. m., 1841

Glencoe ch. h. 1831, by Sultan (2nd in Derby 1819) — Trampoline by Tramp
— Web dam of Middleton, Derby 1875 — Web by Waxy — Penelope by
Trumpator — Prunella.
Gaslight ch. m. 1835 by imp. Leviathan (son of Muley) — Pigeon by Pacolet
1806 — imp. Miss Shipton by Waxy — Mother Shipton by Anvil — Jemima.

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232 The American Thoroughbred

IMPORTED HAWKSWICK

Never Started, Sire of that Good Winner, Divorce Court, Sold for £6000, Property of
Henry T. Oxnard, Oxnard, Cal.

HAWKSWICK, imported, is full brother to Childwick, who defeated the great Ornie m
1893 for the Limekiln stakes, (run over the Rowley mile, i mile and II yards,) at
New Market, by three parts of a length. He is by the unbeaten St. Simon, the only
stallion in English history to head the winning sires' list for nine seasons, in one of
which 1901, he did not have a single classic winner to his credit. In that year his son
Florizel II, was second, being the sire of Volodyovski, who won the Derby; and of
Doricles, who won the St. Leger with the Derby winner second. In addition to this
two sons of St. Simon have headed the list, Persimmon in 1902, and St. Frusquin in
1903. Plaisanterie (dam of Childwick and Hawkswick), was bred in France, and her
breeding is given on another page. She won several good races on her native soil, and
at three years old was shipped over to England, where she won the Cesarewitch
Handicap (2,T4 miles) from Xenia and Postscript, with nineteen others unplaced, car-
rying 106 pounds, giving six pounds to the second horse, and twenty-two pounds to the
third horse. Two weeks later Plaisanterie won the Cambridgeshire Handicap with 122
pounds, a crushing weight for a three-year-old. La Fleche won the same race with
the same weight, in 1892, but did not defeat as large a field of horses. She was bv St.
Simon also and was probably his best daughter, having previously won the One Thou-
sand Guineas, The Oaks and St. Leger, beating Sir Hugo (Derby winner of that
year and Watercress, now owned in California, with eight others unplaced.

Poetess, second dam of Childwick and Hawkswick, was by the great French horse
Trocadero, son of Monarque. Trocadero won too many races to be recapitulated here,
his best performance being in the Alexandra Plate, (three miles at Ascot, in which
he carried the enormous weight of 144 pounds. This stamps Trocadero as the best
horse of that era, both as a distance goer and a weight carrier, no other horse having
ever carried within twelve pounds of that weight. Hawkswick's third dam was Do-
rette, by the Ranger, the first horse to win the Grand Prix de Paris. He was full
brother to Skirmisher, who won the gold cup at Ascot in 1858. The Gardham mare
which produced The Ranger, was the second dam of Cremorne, who won the Derby
and Grand Prix de Paris at three years old, and the Ascot cup and Alexandra Plate
at four. Blood could not be purer, richer or better.

Hawkswick comes from the No. 21 family, from which came Hyppolita, Iris and
Lonely, winners of the Oaks; and Charles XII, who won the St. Leger and two Good-
wood Cups. The sires from this family are Shuttle, Sweetmeat and Longbow, all of
whom got classic winners in England. In America we find Hastings, Handsome,
Tranby and others of less note. Boiardo, one of the best stallions ever sent to Aus-
tralia, was also of this family, being by Orlando out of Longbow's dam; and another
great horse from this family was Australian Peer, who won the Victoria Derby and
the Sydney-Cup, two miles in 3:31 with 118 Ibs. up, at three years old.

riMwrxo w iur\, imr-., D. n., i. .

BRED IN ENGLAND. THE PROPERTY OF HENRY T. OXNARD. \

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Voltigeur, 2
br. h., 1847
(Derby and
St. Leger,
1850.)

Voltaire D., br. h. 1826, by Blacklock (1814) — Daughter of Phantom D.
1808, (sire of i Oaks winner and 2 each of the Derby and Two Thous-
and guineas — Daughter of Overton (sire of Cockfighterf) by King Fergus.
Martha Lynn, b. m .1837, by Mulatto D. (sire of Bloomsbury, Derby 1839)
he by Catton — Leda (own sister to Arachne, dam of Industry, Oaks 1838)
by Filho da Puta D — Treasure by Camillus (1803) by Hambletoniant.

Mrs. Ridge-
way,
ro. m., 1849
(Dam of
King Lud,

Birdcatcher, ch. h. 1833, by Sir Hercules (sire of Coronation* and Corsair)
— Guiccioli (dam of Faugh a Ballaght) by Bob Booty — Flight by Irish
Escape (Commodore 1793) — Young Heroine by Bagot (1780) — Heroine.
Nan Darrell, gr. m. 1844 by Inheritor (1831) son of Lottery — Nell, gr. m.
1831 by Blacklock — Madame Vestris by Comus (sire of Gray Momus A)
— Lisette (1803) by Hambletonian (1792) — Constantine 1796 by Walnut.

Fly'g Dutch-
man*tA, (3)
br. h., 1846
(Sire of El-
lington,
Derby 1856)

Bay Middleton, b. h., 1833 (unbeaten and sire of i St. Leger and 2 Derby
winners) by Sultan, b. h. 1816 — Cobweb (Oaks 1824) by Phantom* (1808)
— Filagree (dam of Riddlesworth) by Soothsayer — Web sister to Whisker)
Barbelle,' b. m. 1836 (dam of Van Trompt A. G. and De Ruyter) by Sand-
beck 1818 (son of Catton) — Darioletta by Amadis 1807 — Selima 1810 —
Daughter of (1794) Eclipse 1764 — Editha 1781 by Herod 1758.

Merope,
b. m., 1841
(3d dam of
imp.
Eothen.)

Voltaire D., br. h. 1826 (sire of Charles XII, St. Leger 1839, Goodwood
Cups 1841-42 and Doncaster cup 1840) by Blocklock — Variella's (im-
ported to America) dam of Phantom* — Overton mare 1788 — Walnut mare.
Velocipede's dam b. m. 1817 (he was one of Blacklock's best sons, getting
one winner each of the five classical races) by Juniper (1805, sire of
Camarine A) — Daughter of 1810 Sorcerer — Virgin 1801 by Sir Peter.

Harkaway,
ch. h., 1834
(Goodwood
Cups r838-
39.) W

Economist, b. h. 1825 by Whisker* (1812, got 3 winners of Champagne
Stakes at Doncaster) — Floranthe by Octaviant — Caprice 1797 by Anvil
1777 — Madcap 1774 by Eclipse 1764 — Sappho 1763 by Blank.
Fanny Dawson, ch. m. 1823, by Nabocklish 1811 (Rugantino 1803) — Miss
Tooley 1808 by Teddy the Grinder — Lady Jane (sister to the Oaks, win-
ner Hermione) by Sir Peter — Paulina by Florizel — Captive by Matchem.

Pocahontas,
b. m., 1837
(Dam of
Stockwell,
who got 6
St. Leger

Glencoe ch. h. 1831 (second best stallion ever imported into America) by
Sultan (2nd to Tiresias in the Derby 1819) — Trampoline by Tramp-
Web (sister to Whalebone and dam of Middleton*) by Waxy — Penelope.
Marpessa, b. m. 1830 (dam of Jeremy Diddler, a great winner) by Muley
(1810, sire of Margravet and Little Wonder*) — Clare by Marmion
(Whiskey 1789 — Harpalice — Amazon (6th dam of Isinglass) by Driver.

Ion, (4)
.br. h., 1835
(Sire of
Wild Day-
rell, Derby

Cain br. h. 1822, by Paulowitz (sire of Archibald, 2000 gs. 1822) son of
Sir Paul (Sir Peter — Evelina) — Daughter of 1810 Paynator — Delpini
mare 1781 — Young Marske mare 1795 — Gentle Kitty 1774 by Silvio.
Margaret by Edmund 1824 — Medora (Oaks of 1814) by Selim — Daughter
of Sir Harry* (sent to America) — Daughter 1793 of Volunteer (sire)
of Spread Eagle*) by Eclipse 1764 — Daughter 1779 of Herod 1758.

1855-)
Little Fairy,
ch. m., 1841
(Half sister
to Little
Wonder*.)

Hornsea ch. h. 1832, by Velocipede 1825, he by Blacklock 1814 — Jenny
Mill's dam 1820 by Cerberus 1802 — Miss Cranfield 1803 by Sir Peter*
1784 — Daughter 1796 of Pegasus 1784 — Daughter 1783 of Paymaster.
Lacerta b. m. 1816 (dam of Little Wonder* and the Little Known who got
Scottish Chief's dam) by Zodiac (1801) — Jerboa (2nd dam of Venison)
by Gohanna — Camilla by Trentham (1766") Coquette.

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IDorette Trocadero (2) Arancaria Chattanooga, ch. h., '64 (3)
(Alexandra Plate) (Dam of Chamant) (A great 2-year-old.)

Orlando* 13
b. h., 1841
(Sire of
Teddington
Derby 1851)

Touchstone br. h. 1831 (sire of Newminstert who got 3 premier sires)
by Camel — Banter (2nd dam "of Satirist* and Macaroni* D) by Master
Henry — Boadicea (sth dam of imported Darebin) by Alexander — Brunette.
Vulture ch. m. 1833 (winner of 36 races at short distances) by Langar
1817 (sire of Elis and Felt Ch.) — Kite (3rd dam of Beadsman*) by Bustard
1813 son of Castrel — Olympia (dam of Elis and Epirus) by Sir Oliver D.

Ayacanora,
b. m., 1854
(Produced
Talk o' the
Hill, Aus-
tralia.)

Birdcatcher ch. h. 1833 (sire of Knight of St. George, Warlock and The
Baron, winners of the St. Leger) by Sir Hercules (sire of 2 Cesarwitch
winners)— Guiccioli 1823 by Bob Booty — Flight by Irish Escape.
Pocahjantas b. m. 1837 by Glencoe A G — Marpessa (dam of Idas, 2000
guineas 1845) by Muley 1810 — Clare by Marmion — Harpalice by Gohanna
(1790 sire of 2 Derby winners) — Amazon by Driver, son of Trentham.

Ambrose,
bl. h., 1849
(Sire of Au-
ricula, dam
of Nune-
ham.) (16)

Touchstonet (sire of Ithuriel who got Iris Oaks of 1851 and her brother
Longbow) by Camel, sire of that great broodmare Hester, dam of Chat-
ham and The Nabob — Banter, sth dam of Grand Flaueur, Australia.
Annette b. m. 183.5 (4th dam of the great Ormonde and sth dam of St.
Gatien) by Priam* G — Potentate's dam by Don Juan, son of Orvillet — •
Moll in the Wad 1810 by Hambletoniant 1792 — Spitfire 1799 by Pipator.

Pocahontas,
b. m., 1837.
(Dam of
Rataplan,
winner of
42 races out

Glencoe ch. h. 1831 (sire of Vandal, Wild Irishman, Blonde, Panic and
Congaree in America) by Sultan 1816 — Trampoline 1825 by Tramp (sire
of Barefoott and St. Giles* imported to U. S. A.) — Web by Waxy.
Marpessa 1830 by Muley 1810 (sire of Vespa, Oaks 1834) — Clare by
Marmion (son of Whiskey who got i Derby and 2 Oaks winners) —
Harpalice by Gohanna (only horse ever beat Waxy) — Amazon by Driver.

Monarque,
b. h. '52(19)
(Goodwood
Cup 1857 &
sire of Gla-
diateur*ttA)

The Baron, Sting or the Emperor (Ascot Cup 1845) The Emperor being
given, he by Defence (son of Whalebone) — Daughter of Reveller — •
Design, Sister to Dangerous, Derby 1833 by Tramp — Defiance by Rubens.
Poetess by Royal Oak (Catton — Smolensko mare) Ada by Whisker* 1812 —
Anna Belle by Shuttle (son of Young Marske) — Daughter of Drone — •
Contessina (see Isonomy) by Young Marske.

Antonia

Epirus, ch. h. 1836 (sire of Pyrrhus the First* and premier sire of Eng-
land in 1850) by Langar 1817 — Olympia by Sir Oliver D — Scotilla by
Anvil — Scota by Eclipse — Harmony by Herod. I
The Ward of Cheap by Colwick — The Maid of Burghley by Sultan 1816 —
Palais Royal by Blucher* 1809 — Sister to Hospitality by Election* 1803 —
The dam of Selim and Rubens by Alexander.

(2)

The Ranger
br. h., 1858

Voltigeur, br. h. 1847, by Voltaire D 1826 — Martha Lynn b. m. 1837 by
Mulatto 1823 — Leda by Filho da Putat 1812 — Treasure by Camillus son
of Hambletoniant 1792 — Daughter of 1804 Hyacinthus.
Skirmisher's dam b. m. 1845 by Gardham 1834 (Falcon 1822) — Daughter
1837 of Langar 1817 — Sister to Busto 1816 by Clinker — Bronze (Oaks
1806) by Buzzard — The Alexander mare.

Mon Etoile

Fitz Gladiator by Gladiator — Zarah by Reveller (St. Leger of 1818)—
daughter of Rubens — Brightonia by Gohanna — Nutmeg by Sir Peter.
Hervine by Mr. Waggs (son of Langar)^Poetess (dam of Monarque G.
Newmarket Handicap 1837 and sire of Gladiateur*t A) by Royal Oak —
Ada by Whisker — Anna Bella by Shuttle.

'The American Thoroughbred
A L T A M A X

IV inner of the University Stakes and other good races. Property of Burns &

Waterhousc.

ALTAMAX is a bay horse bred in the Rancho del Paso Stud in 1894 and sold as
a yearling to Messrs. Burns & Waterhouse of San Francisco. He was one of the
best three-year-olds in California and. at eight years old, had to his credit some of
the best two-year-olds ever foaled west of the Rockies. The following statement
shows him to have been a very consistent performer under adverse circumstances, as
many of his races were run over heavy tracks.

Altamax is considered, by good judges, to be the best son of imported Maxim in
all America, as well as the best male-line descendant of the great Musket who won
the rich Ascot Stakes, two miles; and the Alexandra Plate, three miles with 132
pounds up, before his exportation to the antipodes. The fastest two miles ever run in
the world with anything over no pounds were made by Carbine, a son of Musket, in
the Melbourne Cup of 1850, in 3:28^, with the crushing weight-of 145 pounds at five
years old. No other horse has equalled it with any such weight. Trenton, another
son of Musket, was twice placed for the same event in fields of twenty-six horses.
Martini Henry, another son of Musket, won the Derby and Melbourne Cup of 188.',.
covering the two miles in 3:30, then the world's record for that distance. Match-
lock, another son of Musket, won both St. Legers, while his stable companion, Nor-
denfelt, also by Musket, won both Derbys in that year. Altamax is of the No. 10
family of the Bruce Lowe system, to which trace Bonnie Scotland, Blink Bonny, Tor-
mentor (winner of the Oaks) Deceiver, Tristan, Caller Ou (St. Leger and two Nor-
thumberland Plates) imported Siddartha, Breadalbane, Blinkhoolie and Broomielaw.

Altamax started but three times at two years, being third to Storm King and
Harry Gwyn, with King's Consul, Overflow and Red unplaced. He was unplaced in
his other races.

At three he ran last to Moylan and Cabrillo at seven furlongs. Won at six fur-
longs in i : 15^/2, beating Queen Nubia and Tulare, with six others unplaced. Second
to Sweet William, Sigfried third and seven others unplaced, six furlongs in 1:18^2
in the mud. Won at six furlongs in i :i8, Peril second and Don Clarencio third, ten
others unplaced. Won at six furlongs in I :i6l/4, St. Distaff second and Rienzi third,
with seven others unplaced. Second to Rey del Tierra (giving him nine pounds) at
one mile and a sixteenth in 1 :49^. Ran unplaced to Lincoln and Judge Denny at
a mile and a quarter. Third to Scarborough and Scarf Pin in the California Derby,
six others unplaced, in 2:11^4, a mile and a quarter. Second to Howard S., a mile and
a quarter in 2:08^2, with nine others behind him. Won the University Stakes, one
mile in I '.43%, beating Hohenzollern and Horatio, four others unplaced. Won at
seven furlongs in i :2Qj4, beating France, Horatio and three others. Second to
Fleur de Lis in the Hobart Handicap, giving her 18 pounds, with six others behind
him. Second to Bliss Rucker at one mile in i -.40, giving him 19 pounds for his year,
with Buckwa and Senator Bland behind him.

Altamax is from the No. 10 family, whence come 5 winners of the Derby, with
three each of the Oaks, St. Leger and Two Thousand Guineas. Its best peMormers are
Blink Bonny and her son Blair Athol ; Pretender, winner of the Derby and Two Thou-
sand; and Petrarch, winner of the Two Thousand and St. Leger at three years and
Ascot Cup at four. The best sires from it are Blair Athol, the only son of Stockwell
to head the list of sires ; Hampton, the only horse since Stockwell to get 3 Derby
winners; and Petrarch, who got one winner of the St. Leger and 2 of the Oaks. In
America the best sires from this family are Bonnie Scotland, Deceiver, Rotherhill,
Balrownie, Watercress, Siddartha and Pursebearer; and in Australia, Castle Hill,
Light Artillery and Anteros.

ALTAMAX, BR., H. 1894. 1
BRED BY JAMES B. HAGGIN AT THB RANCHO DEL PASO, SACRAMENTO. \

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1 Hopeful Duchess, Vespasian, Daughter of, Toxophilite,
1859- b. h., 1863. (19) b. m., 1857- b. h., 1855. (3) 1

(21)

Longbow,
b. h., 1849.

Lthuricl, br. h. 1841 by Touchstone (St. Leger 1834) — Verbena by Veloci-
pede (sire of Queen of Trumps, Oaks and St. Leger of 1835) — -Rosalba
by Milo — sister to Selim and Castrel.
Miss Bowe, b. m. 1834 (dam of Iris, Oaks of 1851, also of Boiardo and
De Clare) by Catton 1809 — Tranby's dam by Orville, St. Leger 1802 —
Miss Grimstone 1796 by Weazle — Daughter of Ancaster 1768.

Legerde-
main,
b. m., 1846.

i'antaloon, ch. h. 1824 by Castrel (brother to Selim and Rubens) — Idalia
4th dam of Sir Modred and Cheviot) by Peruvian — Musidora 1804 (Sis-
ter to Meteora, Oaks 1805) by Meteor 1738 — Maid of All Work.
Decoy, b. m. 1830 (dam of Flatchatcher, 2,000 guineas of 1848) by Filho da
Puta (St. Leger of 1815) — Finesse by Peruvian — Violante by John Bull
(Derby 1792) — Highflyer mare — Everlasting by Eclipse.

(7)

West
Australian,
b. h., 1850.

Melbourne, br. h. 1834 (sire of Blink Bonny, Derby and Oaks 1857) by
Humphrey Clinker 1822 — Morpeth's dam by Cervantes 1806 — Daughter
1818 of Golumpus 1802 — Paynator mare — Circle, sister to Zodiac.
Mowerina (own sister to Cotherstone, Derby 1843) by Touchstone ( sire of
three Derby winners) — Emma by Whisker (sire of 2 St. Leger winners)
— Gibside Fairy by Hermes — Vicissitude 1800 by Pipator 1786.

Brown
Bess,
br. m., 1844

Camel, br. h. 1822 (sire of two St. Leger winners and three of the Ascot
Cup) by Whalebone (Derby 1810) — Daughter of Selim 1802 — Maiden by
Sir Peter — Matron by Florizel, sire of two Derby winners.
Daughter of Brutandorf, (Chester Cup 1826) — Mrs. Cruikshanks by Wei-
beck (brother to Tiresias, Derby 1819) — Tamp's dam by Gohanna — (2nd
in Derby) — Fraxinella by Trentham — Woodpecker mare.

(8)

Newmin-
ster,
b. h., 1848.

Touchstone, br. h. 1831 (sire of 3 St. Leger winners and 4 of the Two
Thousand Guineas) by Camel — Banter by Master Henry (half-brother to
Mameluke, Derby 1827) — Boadicea (sth "dam of Leamington).
Beeswing, b. m. 1853 (winner of 52 races out of 63) by Dr. Syntax (won
4 Preston Cups) — Tomboy's dam by Ardrossan (sire of Jack Spigot,
St. Leger 1821) — Lady Eliza by Whitworth 1805 — Spadille mare.

Vesta,
ch. m., 1857

Stockwell, ch. h. 1849 (won St. Leger 1852 and sire of 6 St. Leger winners)
bv the Baron (St. Leger of 1845) — Pocabontas (dam of Rataplan and
King torn) by Glencoe — Marpessa (dam of Idas, 2000 gs. 1845) by Muley.
Garland, br. m. 1835 by Langar (sire of Elis, St. Leger 1836) — Cast Steel
1828 bv Whisker (Derby 1815) — The Twinkle by Walton — Daughter 1814
of Orville (St. Leger 1802) — Lisette by Hambletonian (St. Leger 1795).

(3)

Flying
Dutchman,
br. h., 1846.

Bay Middleton (Derby and St. Leger of 1836 and never beaten) by Sultan
1816 — Cobweb (Oaks of 1824) by Phantom (Derby 1811) — Filagree 1815
by Soothsayer (St. Leger 1811) — Web, sister to Whalebone, by Waxy.
Barbelle, b. m. 1836 (dam of Van Tromp, St. Leger and Ascot Cup) by
Sandbeck 1818 — Darioletta by Amadis 1807 — Selima 1810 by Selim —
Pot-8-os mare 1794 — Editha 1781 by Herod 1758 — Elfrida.

Espoir.
b. m., 1841.

Liverpool, br. h. 1828 (sire of the great Lanercost) by Tramp — Daughter
1822 of Whisker — Mandane (dam of Lottery and Brutandorf) by Pot-8-os
— Young Camilla by Woodpecker — Camilla by Trentham.
Esperance, b. m. 1836 by Lapdog (winner of the Derby in 1826) he by
Whalebone — Grisette by Merlin, son of Castrel — Coquette by Dick An-
drews (sire of Tramp)— Vanity 1803 by Buzzard, sire of Selim.

ALTITUDE. (10)

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(13)

Orlando,
b. h., 1841.

Touchstone, br. h. 1831 by Camel 1822 (sire of Caravan, Ascot Cup 1839)
— Banter (2nd dam of Satirist, who won the Queen's Vase and St. Leger
1841) by Master Henry, son of Orville — Boadicea by Alexander.
Vulture, (fastest mare of her day and winner of 32 races at short distances)
by Langar (above) — Kite (srd dam of Beadsman, Derby 1858) by Bus-
tard (Castrel) — Olympia by Sir Oliver (Doncaster Cup 1805).

Gaze,

b. m., 1842.

Bay Middleton (sire of i St. Leger and 2 Derby winners) by Sultan — Cob-
web (dam of 2 winners of the 2000 guineas) by Phantom (Derby 1811)
— Filagree (dam of Riddlesworth 2000 gs. 1831) by Soothsayer — Web.
Flycatcher, by Godolphin, son of Partisan 1811 — sister to Cobweb (dam of
Princess, Oaks of 1844) by Phantom — Filagree by Soothsayer — Web
(sister to Whalebone and Whisker) by Waxy — Penelope.

(3)

Stockwell,
ch. h., 1849.

The Baron, ch. h. 1842 (won the St. Leger and Cesarewitch of 1845) by
Birdcatcher— Echidna 1838 by Economist 1825 (sire of Harkaway) —
Miss Pratt 1825 by Blacklock 1814 — Gadabout by Orville.
Pocahontas (2nd dam of Rayon d' Or, St. Leger 1879) by Glencoe — Mar-
pessa by Muley (sire of Little Wonder, Derby 1840) — Clare by Marmion,
son of Whiskey 1789 — Harpalice 1814 by Gohanna — Amazon.

Countess of
Albemarle,
1847-

Lanercost, br. h. 1836 (ran 3rd in St. Leger and won Ascot Cup of 1841)
by Liverpool — Otis (3rd dam of Kettledrum, Derby and Doncaster Cup
1861) Bustard — Gayhurst's dam by Election (Derby winner 1807).
Sister to Hornsea (Goodwood Cup of 1836) by Velocipede (sire of Queen
of Trumps, Oaks and St. Leger of 1835)— Daughter 1820 of Cerberus
1802— Miss Cranfield by Sir Peter (Derby 1787) Daughter of Pegasus.

~ (12)

Lexington,
b. h., -1850.

Boston, ch. h. 1833 (winner of 40 races out of 45) by Timoleon — Sister to
Tuckahoe by Ball's Florizel 1801 — Daughter of imp. Alderman, son of
Pot-8-os — Daughter of imp. Clockfast (Gimcrack).
Alice Carneal, br. m. 1836 (dam of Umpire, winner of 18 races in England
by imp. Sarpedon — Rowena 1826 by Sumpter— Lady Grey 1817 by Robin
Grey (Royalist) — Maria 1802 by Melzar 1721.

Magnolia,
ch. m., 1841

Glencoe, imported, ch. h. 1831 (winner of the Goodwood and Ascot Cups)
by Sultan — Trampoline by Tramp 1810, sire of 2 Derby winners — Web
by Waxy, Derby 1793 — Penelope by Trumpator — Prunella by Highflyer.
Myrtle, imported, ch. m. 1834, by Mameluke (Derby winner in 1827) —
Bobadilla (Ascot Cup and Drawing Room Stakes 1829) by Bobadil (Ru-
bens) — Pvthoness 1813 by Sorcerer 1796 — Princess 1796 by Sir Peter.

(3)

Stockwell,
ch. h., 1849.

The Baron (sire of Rataplan, who won 42 races out of 71; and of La
Toucques who won both the French Derby and Oaks at Chantilly in 1863)
by Birdcatcher — Echidna by Ecnomist — Miss Pratt by Blacklock.
Pocahontas (dam of 5 sires, of whom 3 were first-class) by Glencoe (2000
gs. of 1834 and Ascot Cup of 183-;)— Marpessa (dam of Jeremy Diddler)
by Muley — Clare bv Marmion — Harpalice by Gohanna.

Braxey,
b. m., 1849

Moss Trooper, b. h. 1839 by Liverpool (sire of Lanercost) — Daughter of
Emilius, Derbv 1823— Surprise by Scud, sire of 2 Derby winners— Man-
freda by Williamson's Ditto (Derby 1803) — Tawny by Mentor.
Queen Mary (dam of Blink Bonny and imp. Bonnie Scotland) by Gladiator,
2nd in Derbv of 1836 — Beverlac's dam by Plenipotentiary, Derby 1834 —
Mvrrha bv Whalebone— Gift by Y. Gohanna— Sister to Grazier by Sir

'The American Thoroughbred

EDDIE JONES

Winner of the Winter Handicap at Tanforan, the McLaughlin Stakes at Inglcsidc and
twenty other races. Property of Burns & Waterhouse.

At two years old, this fine young horse started five times, but never won, being
twice second and three times third. At three he was about as hard a horse to beat as
there was in the state, winning 9 races in 20 starts and only two times outside the money.
He won his first four races at that age. Among his victories of that year, were the
Cadmus Stakes at Ingleside, the California Maiden Stakes and the bhell Mound Handi-
cap, all of which he won in fast time. His total earnings for that year were $5,155,
and he seemed equally good in the mud or on a fast track.

At four he was lame in nearly all of his races, but won II out of 19 starts, aggre-
gating a total of $4,100, which brought his earnings for three seasons up to $9,730.
He started 12 times at Oakland and 7 times at St. Louis, in which he beat all the
best horses in the country. At Oakland, his last event was the McLaughlin Stakes,
in which he gave three years and three pounds to Satsuma, and seven pounds and one
year to Rosinante, Joe Ullman and Hugh Penny being unplaced. The track was very
heavy from recent rains, but for all that he covered the first seven furlongs in 1 127
and the mile in i -.46.

At five years he did not start, but at six he was a great horse, though a cripple.
He won a handicap of $500 at Tanforan, nine furlongs in i : 59^/21, in a sea of mud,
beating The Lady, Bathos and Autumn. Three days later he won the Winter Handi-
cap with 118, beating The Lady, Advance Guard and six others in 2:04^4 at a mile
and a quarter. Value, $3,927. Ran 2nd to Terminus at Washington Park and was
then withdrawn permanently, his total earnings being $14,257. Only a few of his get
have as yet started but each of them has won more than one race.

Morello, sire of Eddie Jones, was as good a horse as any from the male line of
Leamington. He was sold for $100 as a yearling, but won the Futurity Stakes at two
years old, worth $40,450, with Lady Violet and the Bella Donna colt second and third.
At three he won the rich Wheeler Handicap at Washington Park, a mile and a quarter
in 2:06, with as fine a field behind him as ever started for that event. He died near
Mount Diablo, a very young horse, and his death was a severe loss to the breeders of
this State, as he left several good performers behind him, Eddie Jones being the best
of the lot.

1 EDDIE JONES, BR., H. l«yt>.

BRED AND STILL OWNED BY BURNS & WATERHOUSE.

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Faugh-a-
Ballagh,
br. h., 1841

Sir Hercules, br .h. 1826 (3rd in St. Leger and got Coronation, Derby
of 1841) by Whalebone (Derby 1810) — Peri (dam of imp. Langford) by
Wanderer 1811 — Thalestris (dam of Egremont).
Guiccioli, ch. m. 1823 by Bob Booty (son of Irish Chanticleer — -Flight
by Irish Escape 1802 — Young Heroine by Bagot, 1780 — Heroine 1775
by Hero — Daughter of Snap 1766 — Sister to Regulus 1743.

Daughter of
br. m., 1841

Pantaloon, ch. h. 1824 (sire of i Oaks and i St. Leger winner) by
Castrel — Idalia (4th dam of Sir Modred) by Peruvian — Musidora
(sister to Meteora, Oaks 1895) by Meteor — Maid of All Work 1786.
Daphne, br. m. 1837 by Laurel (3rd in St. Leger 1828 and won Don-
caster Cup) — Maid of Honor of Champion, son of Selim — Etiquette
by Orville (St. Leger of 1802) — Boadicia by Alexander 1782.

(x)

Revenue,
b. h., 1843

Trustee, imp. ch. h. 1829 (brother to Mundig, Derby 1835) by Catton
(Doncaster Cup 1815) — Emma (dam of Cotherstone (Derby 1843)
by Whisker (Derby 1815) — Gibside Fairy 1811 by Hermes 1790.
Rosalie Somers b. m. 1831 (dam of Commodore and Financier) by Sir
Charles 1816 — Mischief 1828 by Virginian — Daughter of (grand dam
of Trifle) im. Bedford (Dungannon) — Daughter of Bellair.

Sarah
Washington,
ch. m., 1837

Garrison's Zinganee, b. h. 1828, by Sir Archy 1805 — Miss Chance by
imp. Chance, son of Lurcher (Dungannon) — Daughter of imp. Eagle
(Volunteer) — Maria 1805 by Bay Yankee— Green's Celer mare.
Stella, b. m. 18.., by Contention 1815 (Sir Archy) — Daughter of im-
ported Speculator 1795 — Pompadour by Valiant — imported Jenny
Cameron by Cuddy 1727 — Miss Belvoir by Gray Grantham.

(14)

Macaroni,
b. h., 1860

Sweetmeat, b. h. 1842 by Gladiator 1833 (2nd in the Derby and best sire
ever sent to France) — Lollypop by Voltair 1826 (sire of Voltigeur and
Charles XII) — Wagtail (dam of Laurel) by Prime Minister.
Jocose, b. m., 1843 by Pantaloon (sire of Satirist, St. Leger 1841) — Banter
1826 (dam of Touchstone) by Master Henry (winner of The Whip in
1819) — Boadicea (sth dam of Leamington, above) by Alexander.

Madam
Strauss,
b. m., 1866

King Tom, b. h. 1851 (sire of i winner each of Derby and St. Leger and
3 of the Oaks) by Harkaway (Goodwood Cups of 1838 and 1839) —
Pocahontas (dam of Stockwell and Rataplan) by Glencoe — Marpessa 1830.
Jetty Treffz, br. m. 1851 by Melbourne (sire of 2 Derby and 3 Oaks win-
ners) — Ellen Loraine 1845 by The Lord Mayor (son of Pantaloon) —
Lady Mary by Voltaire (Doncaster Cup 1829) — Ldy Moore Carew.

(ll)

Australian,
imp. ch. h.
1858

West Australian, b. h. 1850 by Melbourne (sire of 2 St. Leger winners
and 2 of the 2000 gs.) — Mowerina (4th dam of Donovan, Derby and St.
Leger 1889) by Touchstone — Emma (dam of 2 Derby winners).
Emilia, imp. b. m. 1840 (3rd dam of Ben A'li and 4th of Golden Maxim)
by Young Emilius 1833 — Persian by Whisker (Derby 1815)- — Variety by
Soothsayer (St. Leger 1811) — Sprite by Bobtail — Catherine 1795.

Eagless,
gr. m., 1856

Glencoe, imp. ch. h. 1831 by Sultan (^nd in the Derby of 1819) — Trampo-
line (2nd in 1000 guineas of 1828) by Tramp — Web (sister to Whale-
bone and Whisker) by Waxy — Penelope by Trumpator — Prunella.
Volscian's dam by Grey Eaffle 1835 — Mary Morris by Medoc (American
Eclipse 1814) — Miss Obstiffate 1829 by Sumpter 1818 (brother to Thorn-
ton's Rattler — Jenny Slamerkin, 1823 by Tiger 1812 (Cook's Whip).

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Australian,
imp. br. h.,
1858.

West Australian (sire of Solon, who got Barcaldine) by Melbourne — •
Mowerina (sister to Jennala) by Touchstone (St. Leger 1834) — Emma
(sister to Maria, dam of Euclid) by Whisker — Gibside Fairy by Hermes.
Emilia, imp. (dam of Cordelia who produced Thunderbolt, the fastest son
of Stockwell) by Young Emilius (afterwards a good sire in France) —
Persian by Whisker 1812 — Variety by Soothsayer (sire of Tiresias.)

Cicely
Jopson,
imp. br. m.,
1859-

Weatherbit, br. h. 1843 (sire of Beadsman, Derby of 1858) by Shaat An-
chor 1832 — Miss Letty (Oaks of 1837) by Priam (Derby 1830) — Miss
Fanny's dam 181?; by Orville — Goldenleg's dam 1800 by Buzzard.
Cestrea by Faugh-a-Ballagh (St. Leger and Cesarewitch of 1844) — Daughter
of Liverpool (Gascoigne Stakes 1832) — Rachel by Muley — Daughter of
Comus — Margrave's (St. Leger 1832) dam by Election, Derby winner.

do)

Bonnie
Scotlan^,
imp. b. h.,
1853. '

lago. b. h. 1843 (won the Grand Duke Michael Stakes, beating Sir Tatton
Sykes and Pyrrhus the First) by Don John — Scandal 1822 (dam of Back-
biter, Goodwood Stakes 1851) by Selim — Daughter 1816 of Haphazard.
Queen Mary, b. m. 1843 by Gladiator, (2nd in the Derby 1836) — Beverlac's
dam by Plenipotentiary (Derby 1836) — Myrrha by Whalebone (Queen
Mary is dam of Blink Bonny, Derby and Oaks of 1857.

Sister to
Ruric,
b. m., 1862.

Sovereign, b. h. 1836 (imported into South Carolina and sire of Prioress,
Cesarewitch 1857) by Emilius — Fleur de Lis (winner of 2 Goodwood
Cups) by Bourbon, son of Sorcerer — Lady Rachel by Stamford.
Levity, b. m. 1845 (greatest of all American brood-mares) by imp. Trustee
(above) — Alaric's dam (also dam of the great Vandal) by imp. Tranby
1826 — Lucilla by Trumpator 1823 — Lucy 1821 by Orphan — Lady Grey.

(n)

I ago,
b. h., 1843.

Don John, b. h. 183^ (winner of the St. Leger and Doncaster Cup two days
apart, beating Alice Hawthorn in the latter race) by Waverly (son of
Whalebone) — Hetman Platoff's dam by Comus — Marciana by Stamford.
Scandal (dam of The Ban and Backbiter) by Selim — Daughter 1816 of
Haphazard (who got 2 winners of the 2000 gs. and i of the St. Leger)
Princess by Precipitate (brother to Gohanna) — Colibri by Woodpecker.

Queen
Mary,
b. m., 1843.

Gladiator, ch. h. 1833 (sire of Sweetmeat, above) by Partisan (sire of Mame-
luke, Derby 1827) — Pauline by Moses (Derby of 1822) — Quadrille (2nd
dam of Catherine Hayes, Oaks 1853) by Selim — Canary Bird by Sorcerer.
Beverlac's dam, b. m. 1839 by Plenipotentiary (Derby of 1834) — Myrrha
by Whalebone (sire of three Derby Winners) — Gift by Young Gohanna
1810 — Sister 1802 to Grazier by Sir Peter — Sister 1788 to Aimator.

(i)

Glencoe,
imp. ch. h.,
1831.

Sultan, b. h. 1816 (the only stallion to get 5 winners of the Two Thousand
Guineas) by Selim 1802 — Bacchante by Williamson's Ditto (Derby of
1803 and brother to Walton) — sister to Calomel by Mercury.
Trampoline, 1825 by Tramp — Web (dam of Middleton, Derby of 1825. by
Phantom) by Waxy — Penelope by Trumpator — Prunella (dam of Waxy
Pope, Derby 1809) by Highflyer 1774 — Promise 1768 by Snap 1750.

Occidenta,
b. m., 1835.

Bertrand, b. h. 1821. by Sir Archy 1805 — Eliza by imp. Bedford (Dungan-
non) — imported Mambrina by Mambrino, sire of Messenger. Bertrand
won 1 8 races in all, of which 12 were at four-mile heats.
Diamond by Tupin's Florizel (son of Ball's Florizel, who got Boston's
dam) — Daughter of Lewis' Eclipse — Minerva by Melzar (son of Imported
Medley) — Daughter of Hall's Union — The Kirtley mare bv Milo.

2J<$ The American Thoroughbred

COMMANDO

Winner of the Belmont and Carlton Stakes at three years; and the largest winner of
his age in America at to-o. Property of James R. and F. P. Kcenc, Castlcton Stud, Kv.

COMMANDO comes from the No. 12 family, to which trace both Lexington and
Vandal, the two best sires between 1860 and 1875, tracing back to the Old Montague
mare. Going back to his ninth dam, we find she produced Medoc, the best native
stallion between Sir Archy and Lexington, foaled forty-five years apart. Then we
find Motto, dam of Sally Lewis and Governor Wickliffe. Sally Lewis produced John
Morgan that defeated Idlewild and imported Australian, at three-mile heats, running
twelve miles to win the race. In later years came on Linden, one of the best sons of
Longfellow ; Onondaga and Sensation, two of Leamington's greatest sons as sires ; Sus-
quehanna, a great winner in the Belmont colors; Potomac, winner of the rich Futurity
Stakes at two years old and of the Realization at three ; Stratford, sire of Tarragon
and Connemara, both great winners ; and Guenn, who was probably the best filly ever
bred at Palo Alto, she being the dam of St. Brandon and second dam of Commando.

Commando, at two years, bid fair to rival the record of his unbeaten sire at
that age, for, while he did not win the Futurity, which fell to a much inferior horse
with a lighter weight on him, he retired from the season as the biggest winner -of the
year. At three high hopes were formed of him, as he won the rich Belmont Stakes
(a mile and three-eighths, over the hill), at Morris Park, without being extended.
He went to the post for the Realization Stakes, the hottest favorite ever known, but
broke down in the middle of the race, and Mr. Wilson's colt, The Parader, cantered
in an easy winner. He was then retired to the farm at Castleton, but served no mares
until igo2, as he was a very large and heavy horse, and Mr. Keene wished him to
fill out and attain his entire form before entering upon the duties of a life in the stud.

The eldest of Commando's get will be two years old in 1905 and some of them
will be trained for their engagements at two years old. Like him, they inherit good
size, great liberty of action, big bone and excellent temper. Major Dangerfield, the
superintendent at Castleton, firmly believes that the get of Commando are, so far,
superior to the get of any other American stallion in his first season ; and it remains
to be seen whether his prophecies in regard to the progeny of this fine young horse
are correct.

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Eclipse,
imp. b. h.,

Orlando* b. h. 1841 (sire ot i Derby, i St. Leger and 3 Two Thousand
winners) by Touchstone (1831) — Vulture bv Langar — Kite by Bustard —
Olympia (dam of Elis, St. Leger 1836) by Sir Oliver D.
Gaze (sister to Gaper) by Bay Middleton* (1833) — Flycatcher by Godolphm
(Partisan) — Sister to Cobweb (Oaks 1824) by Phantom* — Filagree by
Soothsayer — Web by Waxy.

Maud, imp.
b. m., 1859

Stockwell, ch. h. 1849 by the Baron! (1842) — Pocahontas (1837) by Glencoe
G. (1831) — Marpessa (1830) by Muley (1810) — Clare by Marmion —
Harpalice by Gohanna (1790).
Countess of Albemarle by Lanercost A. (1836) ran 3rd in St. Leger and
won Ascot Cup 1841 — Sister to Hornsea G. (1832) by Velocipede (1825)
Cerberus mare — Miss Cranfield by Sir Peter.

Lexington,
b. h., 1850

Boston, ch. h. 1834 (only horse to get ten performers with four mile
records below 7:40) by Timoleon (1813) — Robin Brown's dam by Ball's
F'lorizel (unbeaten) — Alderman mare.
Alice Carneal b. m. 1836 (2nd dam of Helmbold who beat Longfellow at
four miles) by Sarpedon, imp. — Rowena by Sumpter (Bro. to Flirtilla)
Lady (.ray by Robin Gray (Royalist).

Hegira,
ch. m., 1846

Ambassador, ch. h. 1839, by Plenipotentiary* — Jenny Mills, imported by
Whisker* — Hornsea's dam by Cerberus, son of Gohanna — Miss Cranfield
by Sir Peter — Pegasus mare.
Flight, ch. m. 1837 by imported Leviathan (ch. h. 1827) son of Muley
1810; — Charlotte Hamilton by Sir Charles (Sir Archy — Lady of the Lake
by imported Sir Harry* — Daughter of Diomed*- — St. George mare.

(14)
Leamington,
imp. br. h.,
1853

Faugh-a-Ballagh! by Sir Hercules (1826) — Guiccioli (1823) by Bob Bootv
(1804) — Flight by Irish Escape (Brother to Rugantino) — Young Heroine
by Bagot, son of Herod (1758).
Daughter of (b. m. 1841) Pantaloon — Daphne by Laurel D — Maid of Honor
by Champion (Selim) — Etiquette by Orville (1799) Boadicea (2nd dam
of Touchstone) by Alexander.

Lida,
b. m., 1858

Lexington, b. h. 1850 (4 miles in 7:19% against time and ;n
7:23 3-4, beating Lecomte) by Boston — Alice Carneal (2nd dam of Abdel
Kader) by imp. Sarpedon — Rowena by Sumpter (above).

Lize by American Eclipse (ch. h. 1814) won n races and never beaten)
son of Duroc — Gabriella (dam of the great George Martin) by Sir Archy.

(23)

War Dance,
ch. h., 1859

Lexington, b. h. 1850 (only horse in the world to head the list of winning
sires for eleven seasons) by Boston — Alice Carneal, above — Rowena
by Sumpter — Lady Gray,.
Reel, gr. m. 1838 (winner of 16 races out of 19, at all distances) by
Glencoe, imp. A. G. — imp. Gallopade by Catton — Camillina by Camillus
Hambletonian!) Smolensko mare.

Daughter of
b. m., 1857

Lecompte, ch. h. 1850, by Boston (above) — Reel (dam of Prioress Ces)
and Starke G. by Glencoe — imp. Gallopade (dam of Fandango) by Cat-
ton — Camillina by Camillus.
Edith, b. m. 1850 by imp. Sovereign (Emilius — Fleur de Lis, winner of
1 8 races out of 32) — Judith by imp. Glencoe — Fandango by imp. Leviathan
-—imp. Gallopade, above.

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IGlendew, Flood, b. h., 1876 Lurline, b. m., 1869 The Peer, b. h., 1855 (2)
b. m., 1876 (Bro. Molly McCarthy). (Aus & Ade Cups) Brother to Marchioness

(O

Melbourne,
br. h., 1834

rlumplirey Clinker, b. h. 1822, by Comus (1809) son of Sorcerer — Clink-
erina by Clinker ,Sir Peter) — Pewet (St. Leger 1789) by Tandem (1773)
— Termagant (1773) by Tantrum — Cantatrice.
Morpeths dam (1825) by Cervantes (1806) — daughter of (1818) Golumpus
Daughter of (1810) Paynator (1791) — Sister to Zodiac by St. George,
son of Highflyer.

Cinizelli,
b. m., 1842

Touchstone, br. h. 1831 by Camel (1822) only horse up to 1880 to get 3
winners of the Ascot Gold Cup — Banter (2nd dam of Macaroni*) by
Master Henry (i8is) Boadicea by Alexander.
Brocade br. m. by Pantaloon, ch. h. 1824 Bombazine by Thunderbolt
(Brother to Smolensko* — Delta by Alexander (son of Eclipse) — Isis by
Sir Peter — Iris by Woodpecker.

(20)

Traducer,
br. h., 1857

The Libel, br. h. 18 by Pantaloon (1824) — Pasquinade (1840) by Camel
—Banter (2nd dam of Satirist! A) — Boadicea (sth dam of imp. Leam-
ington. C) by Alexander.
Aretliusa (dam of Fernhill, winner of the Great Metropolitan at Epsom)
by Elis! (1833) — Languid by Cain — Lydia by Paulton, brother to Sir
Oliver.

Mermaid,
ch. m., 1860

King Tom, b. h. 1851 (sire of 2 winners each, Cesarewitch and Alexandra
Plate) by Harkaway G (1834) — Pocahontas (1837) by Glencoe (1831)
Marpessa (1830) by Mulev (1810) — Clare by Marmion.
Waterwitch (1859) by The F"lying Dutchman (1846) — Evening Star (1839)
by Touchstone — Bertha (1821) by Rubens (1805) — Boadicea (2nd dam
of Tpuchstone 1831) by Alexander.

(x)

Norfolk,
b. h., 1861

Lexington b. h. 1850, (got 6 winners of 32 races in England) by Boston
— Alice Carneal by imp. Sarpedon (1828) — Rowena by Sumpter (Brother
to Thorntons Rattler — Lady Gray by Robin Gray.
Novice b. m. by Glencoe A. G. — Chloe Anderson by Rodolph (Big Archy) —
Belle Anderson by Sir William of Transport (Sir Archy}— Butterfly by
Sumpter.

Hennie
Farrow,
b. m., 1855

Shamrock, imp. ~h. h. by St. Patrick! (Son of Walton) — imported Delight
by Reveller! — Defiance (dam of Defence. 3rd best son of Whalebone)
by Reubens — Little Folly by Highland Fling.
Ida b. m. 1847 by Belshazzar (3rd in St. Leger 1833) son of Blacklock
(1814) — Gamma's dam by Sir Richard (Pacolet) — daughter of imp.
Eagle* — Bet. Bosley by Wilkes' Wonder — Chanticleer mare.

(3)
Glengarry,
imp. br. h.,
1866

Thormanby* ch. h. 1857 by Windhound (1847), (brother to Hobbie Noble,
The Reiver and Elthiron) — Alice Hawthorn (50^ races out of 68) by
Muley Muloch — Rebecca oy Lottery D (1820).
Carbine by Rifleman (son of Touchstone and 2nd in St. Leger 1855) —
Troica by Lanercost (Ascot and Newcastle Cups 1841) — Siberia by
Brutandorf.

Glenrose,
ch. m., 1867

Lexington, (sire of Preakness, dead heat for Saratoga Cup 1875 and
walked over for the Brighton (England) Cup of 1876, by Boston —
Alice Carneal by Sarpedon — Rowena.
Sally Lewis, ch. m. 1852 (dam of John Morgan and faA dam of Sensation,
Onondaga and Stratford) by Glencoe — Motto by imp. Barefoot — Lady
Tomnkins bv American Eclipse.

W

O
O

The Burns & Waterhouse Farm

Mendocino county is one of the least known of California's sutty counties. Situ-
ated far to the north of San Francisco bay, it is one of the most picturesque regions
of the state, an exquisite rolling country somewhat similar to the eastern portion of
Tennessee. It is a beautifully watered country and its supply of grass is almost
perennial. The scorching heat and malarious climate of the Sacramento valley is en-
tirely absent, being tempered here by pi^ximity to the coast, thus imparting a health-
ful tone to all within reach. It is, in fact, the greatest health resort of the state, full
of valuable mineral springs much resorted to by invalids.

The farm is located on the California and Northwestern railway, near Hopland,
midway between Cloverdale and Ukiah, the county seat. The stage road from Hop-
Jand to Highland Springs divides the ranch ; and the Lakeport road runs parallel to it.
There is a total of 2,000 acres in the property, of which about 350 acres is in fine bottom
land, producing the best of cereals. The water is of the very purest quality and of
almost endless supply. The natural grasses are alfilleria, burr clover and what is
known as the Buffalo grass ; and the cultivated grasses are the Australian rye, Ber-
muda, red clover and alfalfa. With such a diversity of fodder, it is no wonder that
the horses grown on Burns & Waterhouse's ranch have not only size and substance in
their favor, but quality as well Burns & Waterhouse purchased this property because
they found horses accumulating. They first established themselves at Sacramento,
but finding their location too small, they began in earnest by the purchase of their pres-
ent location ; and those who see the property will concede that they have made no
mistake.

With a small but select band of mares and the stallions Lovdal, by Wildidle out of
Free Love by Luke Blackburn; Colonel Wheeler, by imported Midlothian out of Agnes
by Onondaga; Altamax, by imported Maxim, out of Altitude by Alarm; and Eddie
Jones, bv Morello (best son of Eolus) out of Early Rose by Duke of Montrose, they
soon became prominent as breeders. When Maxnic broke down, after a career as
brilliant as it was brief, they retired him to the stud also. • Colonel Wheeler represents
the Newminster branch of Touchstone blood, while Altamax and Maxnic represent the
Musket branch of the same family; and Eddie Jones is a male-line descendant of Leam-
ington, generally admitted to be the best stallion ever imported into America. There
are no better blood lines in Europe and none as good in the United States, as can gasily
be proven by reference to Goodwin's Guide, Maxim being the only goou son of Mus-
ket ever imported. The following matrons (15 head in all) were the nucleus of the
farm, giving all these most noted, either as turf performers or as the dams of run-
ners :

BERNA, by imported Cheviot (brother to Sir Modred) out of Sweet Peggy by
Kyrle Daly, from Abis dam by Norfall. This mare produced that good winner Bernota.

DUCKLING, by Brutus, out of Decoy Duck by Longfellow. This mare produced
Eduardo, a good winner at theEast this season. He is by Eddie Jones.

2^.2 The American 'Thoroughbred

EARLY ROSE, by Duke of Montrose, from Talcga by Bonnie Scotland, from Lady
Taylor by Glencoe. Mated with Morello, this mare produced Eddie Jones, one of the
best horses ever foaled west of the Rockies. At nine years old he is already known
as a good sire.

HAPPY MAIDEN, by Midlothian, out of Felicity by Onondaga, from Bliss by Bon-
nie Scotland. This mare produced Rollick, a winner for four seasons, as well as
Hooligan, deem by many to be the best two-year-old in California this season.

HUMIDITY (sister to Dungarven), by Hindoo, out of imported Calphurnia by Julius,
from The Test by Saccharometer. - This mare produced Humo, a good winner at
Brighton and Saratoga last summer.

JUANITA, by imported Galore (son of Galopin), out of Druidess by Stonehenge,
from imported Castagnette by Marsyas. This is the dam of Altawan, a winner by
Altamax.

Miss ROWENA, by Midlothian, out of Paloma (bred in Australia) by The Drum-
mer, son of Rataplan. She won $11,255 in three seasons and is the dam of Edrodun,
by Eddie Jones, a frequent winner this year.

NAPAMAX, by imported Maxim, out of Napa by Enquirer, from Bandana by Bonnie
Scotland. She won $12,009 in three seasons and is the dam of Escobosa by Eddie
Jones. She won five sweepstake races.

PICNIC, by imported Mr. Pickwick (son of the Hermit and Tomato by King Tom),
from imported Countess by Theobald, son of Stockwell. She is the dam of Maxnic,
one of the most brilliant two-year-olds of his day and now in the stud at this farm.
She also produced his full sister Rowena, already a winner, and Recreation, one of the
best daughters of Morello.

PALOMA, an Australian-bred mare, was purchased from the estate of the late Sen-
ator Hearst. She was by The Drummer, a son of the great Rataplan. He ran third
to Pretender and Pero Gomez in the Derby and won the Great Metropolitan Handicap
(two miles) at Epsom in a field of nineteen. Paloma's female tail-line runs directly
back to Rebecca, dam of that great mare Alice Hawthorn, who won 50^2 races out of
68 starts, including eleven gold cups. Among her produce we may mention Yellow
Tail, by Watercress,- the best three-year-old of 1900; Armitage, by Surinam ,a stake-
winner both in California and at the East; Palomacita, a good winner in California;
Miss Rowena, a winner of $11,255 in three seasons, winning five consecutive races at
two years and six at three, making a*fcotal of 26 wins in all ; Don Clarencio, a repeated
winner, and Examiner, a winner at the East. Paloma comes from the No. 4 family
which produced such speed marvels in England as Thormanby, Kisber and Iroquois
among Derby winners ; Wenlock, Apology, Common, Seabreeze and Throstle, among
St. Leger winners, together with eleven Oaks winners,

RECREATION won $8.380 in three seasons and is by Morello (winner of the Fu-
turity at Coney Island and the $10,000 Wheeler Handicap at Chicago), out o'f Picnic
by Mr. Pickwick, one of the best sons of Hermit. Her first foal and her only one to
race is Rockaway by Altamax ; and he was an excellent winner in 1903.

SONOMIS, by Joe Hooker, out of Blizzard by Blazes (a very good son of imp.
Leamington), from Trade Wind by Great Tom. This mare produced Alsono, by
Altamax, a capital winner in 1902.

SWEET FAVERDALE won $7.470 in three seasons, winning $3,498 in five races won
and six times second. She is by Faverdale (first called Centaur) who ran second to
Proctor Knott in the Junior Champion of 1888, with the great Salvator behind him.
Her dam was the imported mare Sweet Home, by Knight of St. Patrick (sire of Mos-
lem, 2,000 guineas of 1868), she being also the dam of that capital handicap horse Ma-
jor Domo, who was second for the Suburban Handicap of 1891, won by Loantaka ;
and second again in 1892 to Montana, for the same event, after which Major Domo won
the Brookdale Handicap at Long Branch in fast time. Sweet Faverdale is the dam

X

The Burns &f Waterhouse Farm

243

of Sweet Tone, a good winner for two seasons past, including the Ascot Oaks at Los
Angeles.

TALLUUA, by Enquirer, out of Tallulah by Planet, from Mazurka by Lexington
This mare produced Toledo, a winner for two seasons, by Altamax. He won at pretty
long odds on the fourth day of the present Oakland meeting and is considered a high
class colt. Also David S, a very speedy son of Midlothian, who proved a winning
card for the stable on many occasions. She also produced Lord Chesterfield, one of
the best steeple-chasers of 1899, he winning both here and at the East; and frequently
carrying the top weight of his winning races. Several of the old mares have died and
some of the younger ones have not yet dropped winners, so no detailed mention at the
present time is made of them. There are also some younger mares at the farm whose
progeny have not yet raced. Among these are :

HEIGHO, a great winner, by Himyar (only stallion in the United States to get win-
ners of over $245,000 in one season), out of Janet (winner at four miles in 7:30) by
Lightning.

MADRINA, considered by many to be the most beautiful mare on the ranch. She
is by imported Midlothian out of imported Paloma and is therefore a full sister to Miss
Rowena, a winner of $11,255.

PRINCESS ZICKA, a good winner, by Rey del Sierras (brother to Yo Tambien)) out
of Countess Zicka by Norfolk.

PREJUDICE, by imported Loyalist (son of Sterling and brother to Paradox, winner
of the 2000 Guineas and Grand Prix de Paris) out of Pride. Has a foal by imported
Galveston, son of Galopin, Derby winner of 1875.

RAY OF GOLD, by imp. Rayon d'Or (St. Leger 1879), out of Beauty by imp. St.
Blaise, Derby winner of the Derby in 1883. Nothing can surpass the breeding of this
mare.

SHASTA WATER, winner of $8,785, of which $4,285 was won at three years old. She
won 16 times, was 15 times second and 10 times third in 54 starts. By Maxim (son of
Musket) out of Tyranny, own sister to Tyrant who won the Belmont and Withers'
Stakes of 1885. From this family come Molly McCarthy, a winner from six fur-
longs to four miles ; and the stallion Kinglike, sire of L'Allouette, a Futurity winner.

SPAIN WAR has the Musket blood in her through imported Artillery, sire of Alma
Dufour, one of the most consistent fillies in America. Her- dam is Sweet Rose tracing
back to Hippolyta, winner of the Ascot Stakes (two miles), and sister to Hippia, win-
ner of the Oaks of 1867.

SEA BASS, a bay filly by imported Artillery, out of Picnic by imp. Mr. Pickwick.
This filly is an inbred Touchstone mare, tracing to that great horse through Ithuriel
on her sire's side and through Newminster on her dam's. Artillery is the sire of
Shot Gun, one of the fastest horses in America ; and is full brother to Hilda, a winner
for five seasons in New Zealand. Artillery's dam was Ouida by Yattendon, she being
the dam of Strathmore (by Nordenfelt) who won the Victoria Derby of 1892. By
the way, there are now a lot of yearlings at the Oakland track bv the stallions men-
tioned in the fore part of this article that have been pronounced by good judges to be
the best yet led into a California sales ring. The forcing system finds no place at
this farm. Colts and fillies are given plenty of outdoor exercise, over rolling land that
brings all their muscles into play while in motion. They are fed plenty of good and
hearty provender, but not stuffed like bullocks. In addition to this they are stable
broken and fit to go into the hands of any competent trainer next year. An examina-
tion of the pedigrees of these mares and stallions will show that they embody the very
best blood, both native and imported, that can be found in all America. As the
proprietors of this farm have discontinued racing altogether, their yearlings will be
sold annually hereafter at public auction. An inspection of the farm and its breeding
operations is cordially invited.

244 The American 'Thoroughbred

Since the foregoing was in type, Burns & Water-house have held their first annual
sale of yearlings in San Francisco, on which occasion the following excellent prices
were realized :

Figami, ch c, by Figaro-Amida ; T. Garnet Ferguson $ 225.00

Alberna, b f, by Altamax-Berna ; K. Kimberly 200.00

Tony Girl, b f, by Eddie Jones-Bit of Fashion ; C. F. Rallied 375.00

Figaretta, b f, by Figaro-Cofeette ; E. McNamara 150.00

Dangerous Girl, bf, by Eddie Jones-Dangerous Maid; W. M. Marry 1,000.00

My Dulcie, b f, by Col. Wheeler-Dulcie Larondie ; H. Stover 50.00

Boloman, b c, by David Tenny Ella Boland ; D. S. Fountain 350.00

Frolic, ch c, by Take Notice-Happy Maiden ; Frank O'Rourke 800.00

Etapa, b c, by Take Notice-Hoolou ; A. Koenigsberger 1,250.00

Husan, b c, by Eddie Jones-Humidity ; C. T. Patterson 2,100.00

First Lake, ch f, by First Tenor-Lakelo ; P. McAuliffe 200.00

Madri, b f, by Altamax or Take Notice-Madrina ; T. F. Clark .200.00

Ban Boy, ch c, by Take Notice-Miss Ban ; W. M. Baird 175.00

Legal Form, b c, by Eddie Jones-Mortgage ; W. Miller 375-00

Prince Nap, br c, by j^ddie Jones-Napamax ; J. O. Keene 2,250.00

My Pal, b c, by Eddie Jones-Palomacita ; W. Engstrom 550.00

Sea Lad, b c, by Figaro-Sea Bass ; J. Havalaw 250.00

Mendocino, b c, by Altamax-Sonomis ; C. T. Patteflson 1,700.00

vVarwheel, ch c, by Col. Wheeler-Spainwar 2,000.00

Rosearo, b f, by Figaro-Sweet Rose ; W. Engstrom 275.00

Talamund, b c, by Altamax-Talluda ; T. E. McLaughlin 1,100.00

Total $15.575.00

Average $741.66

The above is a big average for the get of three comparatively untried sires and
points clearly to an average of $1,000 or better for their next sale. A curious feature
of the sale is that the largest prices were paid by Eastern buyers ; and as they are not
so familiar with the California horses as are the bona fide residents of the State, it is
presumable that the youngsters sold on their good looks and their general racy confor-
mation. Mr. J. O. Keene, who paid the highest price of the sale, trained the famous
Russian horse, Irish Lad, a son of Galtee More, who won the "Triple Crown" in 1897 ;
and there are few better trainers and no better judges of racing points in an untried
colt than he is. The two next highefst prices were paid by Charles T. Patterson, who
was at one time the trainer for Burns & Waterhouse's racing stable. He is a man
who "knows a good thing when he sees it."

A HOME PRODUCTION

This book is something that illustrates the progress of the city of Los Angeles
and her local industries. Before getting it out, I sent specifications, inviting bids on
this work, to printing houses in Cincinnati, Louisville, Indianapolis and St. Paul in the
East, and to offices in San Francisco, San Jose and Oakland in this State. The low-
est bid I got, was from Indianapolis and the next lowest from St. Paul. The third
lowest was from the Commercial Printing House in this city, of which Mr. Ulrich
Knoch is proprietor. His bid was $250 higher than the Indianapolis bid, and $225
higher than the one from St. Paul. Having been a shopmate with him on the Daily
Herald in 1892, and knowing him to be a very thorough man in all he undertook, I
sat down and figured out the cost of an Eastern journey, and concluded to give the
contract to Mr. Knoch, an action I have had no cause to regret. His work is done
and well done.

I was about to send the illustrated portion, of this work East, but Mr. Knoch
recommended Riley & Moore Engraving Co., of this city, so highly that I concluded
to give them the contract and they have executed the engravings in such a conscien-
tious manner, that I have no hesitation in recommending them to any and all parties
desiring their services. Those young gentlemen have "come to stay."

T. B. M.

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